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"Telaii dilakukan penentuan kadax' vitamin dalam tablet vitaminB kompleks dengan cara kolorimetri dan cara spektrofluorometri,dan penentuan kadar vitamin Bg dalam tablet vitamin B kompleks .dengan cara spektrofluorometri, cara kolorimetri untuk penentuan kadar vitamin ternyata tidak dapat dilakukan, karena Nicotinaraidakan ikut diendapkan bersama-sama vitamin B^ oleh ammonium reineckat. Penentuan kadar denj^?an cara spektrolluorometriuntuk vitamin dan vitamin fl^., ternyata mernberikan basil yangcukup memuaskan, tetapi pacia penentuan kadar vitamin Bp dengancara spektrofluorometri konsuntrasi vitarnlii Bg bai'us dinaikkan10 kali lebih besar dari prosedur semula»

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A determination of vitamin cdncentratioxi in vitamin B eoraplex

tablets had been carried out with the Colorimetrio method

and the Spectrofluorometric method, and a determination of vi

tamin B2 concentration in vitamin B complex tablets v/ith the'~ ^

Spectrofluorometric method. The Goloriraetric method for the

determination of vitamin concentration could not be put in

to practice becauce the Kicotinarnide would also be precipitated

together with vitamin by Ammonium Reineckat. A determination

of concentration with the Spectrofluorometric method of vitamin

B^ and vitamin Bg give evidence of a isatisfying result, but in

the' determination of vitamin Bg concentration with the Spectro

fluorometric method, the vitamin concentration had to be

raised ten times from the original procedure."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui suplernentasi vitamin B12 pada penderita HIV terhadap jumlah CD4, sehingga diharapkan dapat mencegah progresivitas penyakit HIV. Penelitiam ini merupakan uji klinis tanpa pembanding, terhadap 15 orang pasien HIV di poliklinik UPT HIV RSUPNCM Jakarta mulai satu Februari sampai dengan 20 April 2010. Subyek mendapat suplementasi vitamin B12 (metilkobalamin) 1000 pg/had, peroral, sclama enam minggu. Data dikumpulkan meliputi data demografi (usia dan jenis kelamin), adanya hepatitis gastroenteritis dan infeksi akut selama penelitian, status gizi (indeks massa tubuh), analisis asupan zat gizi dengan metode had record 3 x24 jam dan FFQ semikuantitatit2 lcadar vitamin B12 serum dan jumlah CD4. Analisis data menggunakan uji t berpasangan atau Wiicoxon dengan batas kemaknaan p < 0,05. Sebanyak 15 subyek mengikuti penelitian sampaj sclesai. Setelah enam minggu perlakuan, didapatkan adanya peningkatan yang bennakna terhadap kadar vitamin Bn serum awal 270,71 i 71,04 pmol/L, pada akhir perlakuan 419,11 =4= 122,95 pmol/L meningkat signiiikan (p > 0,001). Terdapat 11 dari 15 subyek mengalami peningicatan jumlah CD4 pada akhir penelitian. Median jumlah CD4 subyek pada awal penelitian 143 (23 - 372) sei/pL dibandingkan dengan median pada akhir pcrlakuan 166 (18 - 428) /pL, didapatkan perubahan signifikan (p = 0,03l). Uji korelasi Spearman, tidak menunjukan korelasi bermakna antara perbedaan jumlah CD4 dengan perbedaan kadar vitamin B12 serum (r= -0,375, p= 0,l68). Dcngan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa, walaupun tidak terdapat korelasi pada perbedaan jumlah CD4 dan kadar vitamin B12, namun suplementasi vitamin B12 menggunakan metilkobalamin 1000 pg/hari, peroral, selama enam minggu pada penderita HIV dapat meningkatkan secara bcrmakna kadar vitamin Bn serum dan terdapat perubahan bermakna jumlah CD4.

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ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to find the effect of Vitamin B12 supplementation in HIV patients on the counts of CD4 so it would prevent the HIV progressiveness in RSUPNCM Jakarta. It is an one-armed clinical trial in 15 HIV patients in UPT HIV RSUPNCM Jakarta. The subjects received vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin) supplementation 1000 ug/day, per oral, for six weeks. The data was collected included demographic data (age and sex), the presence of hepatitis co-infection and gastroente1itis,and acute infection during nutritional status (body mass index), nutrition intake analysis with 3 x24 hours food record method and semi-quantitative FFQ, the level of serum vitamin B12 and CD4 counts. The study used paired t-test or Wilcoxon with significant value p < 0,05. There were I5 subjects who completely participated. After six weeks of intervention, there as a significant increment of early serum Vitamin Bl; level which was 270,71 1 71,04 pmol/L, and at the end ofthe intervention was 419,11 :h 122,95 pmol/L; increased significantly (p > 0,00l). There were ll of 15 subjects who had an increment at the end of the study. Early CD4 counts at the beginning of the study was 143 (23 - 372) cells/pL then changed significantly at the end of the study which was 166 (18 - 428) cells/pl., p = 0,03l. Though there was no significant correlation in CD4 counts difference to serum vitamin B12 level (r= -0,375, p= 0,l68)- It can be concluded that after six week intervention with vitamin B12 supplementation in methycobalamin form 1000 ug/day, per oral, in HIV patients would significantly increase serum vitamin B12 level and would significantly change CD4 counts, even-though there was no correlation on CD4 difference and vitamin Bl; level difference."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap kestabilanvitamin B12 dalam sediaan ohat suntik campuran vitamin Bi,vitamin B6 dan vitamin B12 yang disimpan pada temperaturkamar dan pada kondisi penyimpanan yang dipercepat pada0 0temperatur •di atas temperatur kamar yaitu 60 C, 70 C dan080C.Sediaari obat suntik mi dibuat dalam 4 macam formulay a i tu- Formula vitamin B12 tunggal- Formula vitamin B12 dengan vitamin B6-- Formula vitamin B12 derigan vitamin Bi- Formula vitamin B12, vitamin B6 dan vitamin BiUntuk setiap formula, konsentrasi vitamin B12 0,333 mg/ml,vitamin B6 33,33 mg/ml dan vitamin Bi 33,33 mg/mi. Bahanpembantu yang digunakan untuk setiap formula juga samayaitu Kiorbutanol 0,5 % b/v, t'Ia2EDTA 0,01 % h/v.Propilenglikol 5 % v/v, Dietanol amin / asarn asetatsecukupnya sampai PH 3,8 serta dialiri gas inert N2.Sediaan mi diperiksa terhadap stabilitas kadarvitamin B12 nya dengari menggunakan metoda spektrofotometrjderivatjf. Ternyata vitamin Bi menurunkan stabilitasvitamin B12 dan adanya vitamin B6 mempertinggi pengarubburuk vitamin Bi terhadap stabilitas vitamin B12."

"ABSTRAKTujuan : Mengetahui perubahan kadar vitamin A plasma dan hubungannya dengan keadaan klinis penderita stroke iskemikMetodologi : Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan pada 26 pasien stroke iskemik dengan onset kurang dari 48 jam. Pengambilan subyek penelitian dilakukan dengan cara consecutive sampling. Pemeriksaan kadar vitamin A dengan metode high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), dilakukan pada saat pasien masuk, hari kedua, ketiga dan kelima perawatan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi : karakteristik demografi, faktor-faktor risiko, asupan nutrisi dengan metode recall 1 x 24 jam, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) semik antitatif dan selama dirawat dg food record, indeks massa tubuh (IMT) serta penilaian klinis dengan National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).Hasil : Jumlah subyek penelitian 26 orang (20 laki-laki dan 6 perempuan) dengan rerata usia 60.58 + 9.36 tahun. Faktor risiko terbanyak adalah hipertensi yaitu 80.1%. Berdasarkan WIT, 53.9% subyek masuk dalam kategori berat badan lebih. Tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan vitamin A, lemak dan vitamin E dengan kadar vitamin A plasma Rerata kadar vitamin A plasma masuk dalam kategori nominal dan menunjukkan peningkatan yang bermakna pada hari kelima perawatan (p: 0,035). Perjalanan klinis penyakit berdasarkan NIHSS menunjukkan perbaikan yang bermakna (p: 0,045 - 0,005). Terdapat korelasi negatif dan bermakna antara peningkatan kadar vitamin A plasma dengan penilaian NIHSS pada hari kelima perawatan (r:0,391, p: 0,049).Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kadar vitamin A plasma pada hari pertama dengan hari kelima perawatan. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada penilaian NIHSS selama lima hari perawatan. Terdapat korelasi negatif bermakna antara kadar vitamin A plasma dengan penilaian NIHSS pada hari kelima perawatan.Kata kunci : Vitamin A, stroke iskemik

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ABSTRACT

Levels Of Vitamin A In Ischemic Stroke Patients

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of plasma vitamin A changes and its relation with clinical state in ischemic stroke patients.

Metodology : A cross sectional study was carried out among 26 patients with ischemic stroke of recent onset (< 48 hours). Consecutive sampling method was used to obtain the subject. Plasma vitamin A level was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on admission, and days 2, 3, and 5. Data collected were demographic characteristics, risk factors of stroke, nutrient intake using 24 hours recall, semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and food record method when hospitalized, body mass index (BMI), and clinical condition using National Institutes Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).

Result, : The subjects consist of 26 patients (20 males and 6 females) with a mean of age 60.58 + 9.36 years. Hypertension was the most modifiable risk factors (80.1%) that found. Based on SMI, 53.9% subjects had overweight. There were no relationship between nutrient intake (vitamin A, fat and vitamin E) and plasma vitamin A level. Plasma vitamin A level was still in the normal range and gradually increased in the following days, it showed a significant increase on day 5 since admission (p: 0.035). The score of NIHSS was significantly decreased along hospitalized (p: 0.045 - 0.005)_ A significant negative correlation between plasma vitamin A levels and NIHSS score on day 5 was found (r: -0.391, p: 0.049).

Conclusion : There was significant difference in plasma vitamin A level between day 5 and at admission. Scores of NIHSS were significantly different in the following days. A significant negative correlation between plasma vitamin A levels and scores of NIHSS on day 5 was found."

"Latar Belakang. Populasi penderita DM tipe 2 semakin meningkat, seringkali disertai dengan komorbid, salah satunya depresi dengan prevalensi bervariasi. Depresi dapat mempengaruhi keluaran penyakit DM tipe 2. Beberapa obat antidepresan diketahui dapat mengganggu kontrol gula darah. Vitamin D, telah lama diketahui berkaitan dengan berbagai penyakit kronik, berpotensi memperbaiki gejala depresi, walaupun belum diketahui hubungannya.Tujuan. Mengetahui adanya hubungan antara kadar vitamin D pada pasien DM tipe dengan kejadian depresi pada pasien dengan DM tipe 2.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi dengan desain potong lintang, dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Pasien DM tipe 2 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi pada, dilakukan penapisan depresi menggunakan kuesioner BDI-II, kemudian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, depresi (BDI-II ≥14) dan tanpa depresi (BDI-II <14). Kemudian kedua kelompok dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar vitamin D, dan dilakukan analisis perbedaan rerata pada kedua kelompok tersebut. Kemudian dilakukan analisis multivariat regresi logistik terhadap variabel perancu.Hasil. Dari 60 subjek dengan DM tipe 2 yang yang memenuhi kriteria, didapatkan 23 subjek (38,3%) yang depresi, dan 37 subjek (61,7%) yang tidak depresi. Didapatkan median kadar vitamin D 21,8 ng/mL (RIK 14,9-26,6) pada kelompok depresi, sementara median kadar vitamin D 26,5 ng/mL (RIK 23,96-34,08) pada kelompok tanpa depresi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara keduanya (p = 0,001). Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat dengan variabel perancu jenis kelamin, paparan sinar matahari, dan IMT, didapatkan adjusted odds ratio(adjusted OR) 1,123 (IK 95%: 1,003-1,259) dengan nilai p=0,045.Kesimpulan. Kadar vitamin D yang lebih rendah meningkatkan kejadian depresi pada pasien DM tipe 2.

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Background. The population of people with type 2 diabetes is increasing, which is often accompanied by comorbid, one of them is depression. The presence of depression can affect the outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Some of antidepressants are known to interfere with blood sugar control. Vitamin D levels have long been known to be associated with a variety of chronic diseases, have the potential to improve symptoms of depression, although the relationship is not yet known.

Methods. This research is a cross sectional study conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Patients with type 2 DM who met the inclusion criteria on an outpatient basis were screened for depression using BDI-II questionnaire, then divided into two groups, depressed (BDI-II ≥ 14), and without depression (BDI-II <14). Then both groups were examined for vitamin D levels using the ELISA method, and an analysis of the mean difference between the two groups was performed.

Results. From the 60 subjects with type 2 DM who met the criteria, 23 subjects (38.3%) were depressed, and 37 subjects (61.7%) were not depressed. The median of vitamin D level was 21.8 ng/mL (IQR 14.9-26.6) in the depressed group, while the median vitamin D level was 26.5 ng/mL (IQR 23.96-34.08) in the non-depressed group (p = 0.001). After doing multivariate analysis with confounding variables the adjusted odds ratio was 1.123 (95% CI: 1.003-1.259) with p value=0.045.

Conclusion. Lower levels of vitamin D increase the incidence of depression in type 2 DM patients."

"Program jangka panjang dengan "Pendekatan berbasis pangan" untuk penanggulangan kekurangan vitamin A (KVA) semakin penting peranannya."

"Program jangka panjang, dengan "pendekatan berbasis pangan" untuk penanggangan kekurangan vitamin A (KVA) semakin penting peranannya. Telah dilakukan penelitian dalam rangka sistim pemantauan Vitamin A di Jawa Tengah yanig menghubungkan asupan vitamin A dengan kadar serum retinal pada ibu-ibu laktasi dengan Batita (anak bawah tiga tahun) selama krisis. Median asupan vitamin A 319 RE/d buta senja : 0,34%. Kadar serum retinal (rerata 1,23 jMnol/L} berhubungan dengan asupan vitamin A model multiple logistic regresi untuk memprediksikan peluang terjadinya pengaruh berbagai faktor determinant menunjukkan : Asupan vitamin A dari pangan nabati (OR/95% Cl] per quartile, 1 : LOO, 2': 1,63 fO.99-2.80/, 3rd: 1.99 11,58-2,991, dan 4'1': 2.62 [1,68-4,04], dari pangan hewani (V dan T1: 1,00. 3 : 137 [0,89-2,09] dan 4'h: 2,86 [1,59-3,98 j). Kebun gizi (tidak 1.00, ya 1.88 f1,08-2,68J ) dan pendidikan ibu ( sekolah lanjutan: 1,46 /1,00-2.16J ). Kontribusi asupanan vitamin A sumber nabati 16 kali lebih besar dibanding sumber hewani, sama pentingnya dalam mempengaruhi status vitamin A. Kebun gizi dan tingkat pendidikan ibu merefleksikan konsumsi pangan sumber nabati dan hewani dalam jangka panjang. (MedJ Inidones 2006; 15:259-66)

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For the Longer term food-based approaches for controlling vitamin A deficiency and its consequences, become increasingly important. A nutrition survailance system in Central-Java, Indonesia assessed vitamin A intake and serum retinal concentration of lactating women with a child <36 mo old during crisis. Median vitamin A intake was 319 RE/d and night blindness 0,34%. Serum retina! concentration (mean : 1,23 jMnol/L] was related to vitamin A intake in a dose-concentration manner. The multiple logistic regression model for predicting the chance far a scrum retinal concentration > observed median of the population (27,27 funol/L) intended determinant factors, vitamin A intake from plant foods (OR/95% Cl) per quarttie, 1" : 1.00, 2"d: 1.63 [0.99-2,80], 3nl: 1.99 [1.58-2,99], and /'': 2,62 [1,68-4,04], from, animal foods (T and 2'"': 1,00. 3"': 1,37 [0,89-2,09] and 4th: 2,86 [1,59-3,98]). Home gardening (no 1,00, yes 1.88 f 1,08-2.68}) and woman's education level (< primary school : 1,00 >secondary school: 1,46 [1,00-2,16]). Tints, although contributing 16 times more to total vitamin A intake plant foods were as important for vitamin A status as animal foods. Home gardening and woman's education level seem to reflect longer-term consumption of plant and animal foods respectively. (Med J Indones 2006; J 5:259-66)"