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"Curah hujan merupakan salah satu unsur iklim yang sangat bervariasi terhadap ketinggian dalam distribusi spasial dan temporalnya. Distribusi curah hujan spasial dan temporal didapatkan dari radar cuaca dan stasiun observasi. Melalui pemetaan spasial dan temporal penelitian ini akan mengungkapkan perbandingan distribusi curah hujan antara radar cuaca dengan stasiun observasi curah hujan terhadap ketinggian. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukan distribusi curah hujan terbanyak pada ketinggian 500-1.000 mdpl dimana semakin tinggi ketinggian tempat maka distribusi curah hujannya semakin menurun baik dari hasil radar cauca maupun stasiun observasi. Analisis temporal memberikan hasil kesamaan waktu kejadian curah hujan tertinggi dari radar cuaca dan stasiun observasi pada pukul 12:00 sampai 18:00.

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Rainfall is one of the climate element that highly variable from elevation in spatial and temporal distribution. The spatial and temporal rainfall distribution obtained from weather radar and observation stations. This research will reveal rainfall distribution comparison between weather radar with rainfall observation station of elevation. Through spatial and temporal mapping of.

The results of data processing shows rainfall distribution at an altitude 500-1.000 meters above sea level where the higher altitude of the distribution of rainfall decreases both from the weather radar and observation stations. Temporal analysis provides results in common occurrence time of the highest rainfall weather radar and weather observation station at 12:00 to 18:00."

"ABSTRAKDaerah Tingkat I Propinsi Bali, yang merupakan lokasi penelitian ini, terdiri dari lima buah pulau yang berpenghuni dan sebuah pulau lagi yang tidak ada penduduknya. Lima buah pulau yang berpenghuni itu adalah pulau Bali, pulau Nusa Penida, pulau Nusa Ceningan, pulau Nusa Lemongan, dan pulau Serangano Pulau Bali merupakan pulau yang paling besar, Pulau"

"Rice fields located in Citarum Hilir watershed of Karawang district are more and more affected by growth of residential and industrial areas. This resulted in the need to have supporting rice fields elsewhere including in the upstream region. ln Citarum Hulu watershed, 19,5% fiom the existing rice fields is non-irrigated with 32,l9% of population work in the agriculture sector. But productivity of' non-irrigated rice fields of Citanim Hulu watershed is still low, which is below 25 kwintal/ha. One of the efforts to increase its productivity is to look at the local climate model. The low productivity may also be caused by factors such as slope and altitude, which are used as variables in Wilayah Tanah Usaha (WTU). Sandy (1985) wrote that growth and death of any plant in Indonesia depend on water. Awarding to Chang (1968) every process in a plant is affected by water. Furthermore, FAO believed that the growth requirement of a rice plant is also depended on water availability. Mohr, Schimdt-Ferguson, and Oldeman made climate classifications based on rainfall in relation with plant needs of irrigation. Spatial climate model and planting time/season are important factors in management of non-irrigated rice fields in Citarum Hulu watershed. These rice fields are nou-unifonnly found in the center down to the south. Rice production varies from 22 to 4l kw/ha where the majority produces 30-40 kw/ha. Productivity model for the northem part is varied, and to the south is more stable with productivity of 30-40 kw/ha. The annual average rainfall in Citarum Hulu watershed is 1770-3458 mm/yr where the majority of the region has in the range of 2000-3000 mm/yr. Maximum monthly rainfall is 558 mm and a minimum of 6 mm on average. Rainfall is high in the months of November to April and dry period is fiom June to August. Mol-rr?s climate classification is around class III - Vb where the majority is in class III-IV. Schmidt-Ferguson?s climate classification for this area is type C to type A, where the majority is in the wet type (A). 0Ideman?s climate classification varies from D3 to Bl where the majority ofthe region is in climate group C-B (humid-wet). ln general, climate model for Citarum Hulu watershed is as follows: in the center (around the city of Bandung) is almost always drier than its surrounding areas, specifically in the northem and southem parts that are mountainous. The distribution of non-irrigated rice fields has a strong correlation with the annual rainfall model of Schimdt-Ferguson and Oldeman, because as an area has more precipitation there tend to be non-irrigated rice fields. But it is not true with Mohr climate. A strong correlation in productivity of non-irrigated rice fields with rainfall model, Mohr, Schmidt-Ferguson, and Oldeman climate models mean that as a region receives more precipitation then 'there is a tendency of higher rice productivity. But there is also a tendency that if an area is extremely wet, the productivity will decrease. Planting season in the Citarum Hulu watershed is from October and May with 4 planting time models: October/February, October/March, November/March, and December/April. In the November/March, planting time is dominant in almost all of the watershed area. Part of the non-irrigated rice fields in Citarum Hulu watershed are still according to the WTU conception, that is 65,87%, which the majority is in the center. As for the rest of this region, they should be converted into protected forest areas (especially in the south) and hard plant agriculture (in the cast). Keywords: DAS Citarum Hulu, non-irrigated rice fields, rainfall, climate model, Mohr, Schmidt-Ferguson, Oldeman, WTU conception, planting time."

"Curah hujan merupakan salah satu parameter penting dalam proses hidrologi. Namun, variabilitas spasialnya tidak bisa diwakilkan oleh satu stasiun pengukur hujan. Variabilitas ini makin tidak merata pada area pegunungan. Salah satunya adalah DAS Ciliwung Hulu yang berada pada elevasi 297-2982 mpdl. Penggunaan radar cuaca dalam mengukur curah hujan mampu memberikan informasi detail mengenai variabilitas spasial. Namun, data curah hujan berbasis radar cuaca perlu diuji kesesuaiannya sebelum dapat digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kesesuaian curah hujan berbasis radar cuaca dengan curah hujan berdasarkan stasiun pengukur hujan di DAS Ciliwung Hulu. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa data curah hujan dari stasiun pengukur hujan dan radar cuaca. Uji kesesuaian dilakukan menggunakan Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). Data curah hujan harian berbasis stasiun pengukur hujan akan dibentuk dalam peta isohyet yang setiap pikselnya akan dibandingkan dengan data curah hujan dari radar cuaca yang telah diakumulasi menjadi hujan harian. Pengujian dilakukan pada setiap tanggal terpilih berdasarkan ketersediaan data. Perolehan NSE sebesar -0.56 hingga -∞ sehingga data curah hujan berbasis radar cuaca belum sesuai dengan stasiun pengukur hujan. Namun, data curah hujan yang telah dibentuk menjadi peta isohyet telah mengabaikan variabilitas spasial yang dapat digambarkan oleh hasil radar cuaca. Maka, penelitian dilanjutkan dengan membandingkan data curah hujan pada setiap lokasi stasiun pengukur hujan di DAS Ciliwung Hulu dan sekitarnya. Perolehan NSE masih bervariasi dari -64,09 hingga -275712,96 sehingga data curah hujan dari kedua metode masih belum sesuai. Terakhir, pengujian dilakukan kembali dengan penyesuaian rerata aritmatik. Hasil NSE ada pada 0,05 hingga -16314.61. Maka, metode rerata aritmatik belum dapat menyesuaikan data curah hujan dari kedua metode.

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Rainfall is one of the most important parameters in hydrological processes. However, the spatial variability cannot be represented by a single rain gauge station. This variability is increasingly uneven in mountainous areas. One of the mountainous areas in Indonesia is the Upper Ciliwung Watershed which is at an elevation of 297-2982 msl. The use of weather radar in measuring rainfall is able to provide detailed information about spatial variability. However, weather radar-based rainfall data needs to be analyzed for suitability before it can be used. This study aims to examine the suitability of rainfall based on weather radar with rainfall based on rain gauge stations in the Upper Ciliwung watershed. The data used is rainfall data from rain gauge stations and weather radar. The suitability test was carried out using the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). Daily rainfall data based on rain gauge stations will be formed in isohyet maps where each pixel will be compared with rainfall data from weather radar that has been accumulated into daily rainfall. Tests are carried out on each selected date based on data availability. The NSE gain is -0.56 to -∞ so that the weather radar-based rainfall data is not compatible with the rain gauge. However, the rainfall data that has been formed into an isohyet map has neglected the spatial variability that can be described by weather radar. So, the research was continued by comparing rainfall data at each rain gauge station location in the Upper Ciliwung watershed and its surroundings. The NSE values are still varies from -64.09 to -275712.96 so that the rainfall data from the two methods are still not compatible. Finally, the test is carried out again by adjusting with the arithmetic mean method. The NSE result is between 0.05 and -16314.61. Thus, the arithmetic mean method cannot adjust the rainfall data from the weather radar to compatible with the rain gauge."

"Tatanan tektonik yang begitu kompleks di daerah Bali telah menyebabkandaerah ini menjadi daerah dengan aktifitas gempabumi yang tinggi. Dalam kurunwaktu 1911-2005 telah tercatat sebanyak 1077 gempabumi dengan magnitudo dankedalaman yang bervariasi, diantaranya gempabumi dirasakan dan gempabumimerusak.Hasil pengeplotan sebaran epicenter gempa–gempa dangkal terdapat disebelahselatan Pulau Bali dan disebelah utara Pulau Bali. Hasil analisis perhitungandistribusi energi total paling tinggi terletak di Pulau Bali bagian utara sebesar 1022,2erg dan rata–rata energi total seluruh Pulau Bali 1017,4 erg. Model attenuasipercepatan tanah maksimum oleh Fukushima dan Tanaka cukup relevan untuk daerahBali dengan input parameter gempa lokal.Penentuan pewilayahan tingkat resiko gempa berdasarkan nilai percepatantanah maksimum dan intensitas maksimum pada daerah Pulau Bali dibagi dalam tigadaerah tingkat resiko. Daerah dengan tingkat resiko besar meliputi wilayah PulauBali bagian utara, sekitar daerah Buleleng dan Karangasem bagian timur, pada daerahini nilai percepatan tanah maksimum 115,378 gal dengan nilai intensitas maksimumVIII MMI. Daerah dengan tingkat resiko sedang meliputi wilayah hampir sebagiandaratan Bali yang meliputi Singaraja bagian barat dan timur, Jembrana, Tabanan,Bangli, Gianyar, sebagian besar Badung, Klungkung, sebagian kodya Bali dansebagian Karangasem, pada daerah ini nilai percepatan tanah maksimum berkisarantara 50 gal -115 gal dengan nilai intensitas maksimum VII MMI. Untuk katagoritingkat resiko kecil terdapat di Badung bagian selatan dan Denpasar bagian selatan,pada daerah ini nilai percepatan tanah maksimum berkisar kurang dari 50 galdengan nilai intensitas maksimum V MMI"

"Curah hujan merupakan salah satu unsur iklim yang sangat bervariasi terhadap ketinggian dalam distribusi spasial dan temporalnya. Distribusi curah hujan spasial dan temporal didapatkan dari radar cuaca dan stasiun observasi. Melalui pemetaan spasial dan temporal penelitian ini akan mengungkapkan perbandingan distribusi curah hujan antara radar cuaca dengan stasiun observasi curah hujan terhadap ketinggian. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukan distribusi curah hujan terbanyak pada ketinggian 500-1.000 mdpl dimana semakin tinggi ketinggian tempat maka distribusi curah hujannya semakin menurun baik dari hasil radar cauca maupun stasiun observasi. Analisis temporal memberikan hasil kesamaan waktu kejadian curah hujan tertinggi dari radar cuaca dan stasiun observasi pada pukul 12:00 sampai 18:00.

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Rainfall is one of the climate element that highly variable from elevation in spatial and temporal distribution. The spatial and temporal rainfall distribution obtained from weather radar and observation stations. This research will reveal rainfall distribution comparison between weather radar with rainfall observation station of elevation. Through spatial and temporal mapping of.

The results of data processing shows rainfall distribution at an altitude 500-1.000 meters above sea level where the higher altitude of the distribution of rainfall decreases both from the weather radar and observation stations. Temporal analysis provides results in common occurrence time of the highest rainfall weather radar and weather observation station at 12:00 to 18:00."