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"Residu insektisida organoklor (lindan, aldrin, dieldrin, heptaklor danendosulfan) dan organofosfat (klorpirifos, propenofos, diazinon dan malation)telah diteliti terhadap sampel tanah, air, beras darl enam desa di Karawangdan produk olahan beras darl dua belas pasar tradisional di Karawang,Jakarta dan Bogor. Metode analisis residu insektisida berdasarkan padakromatografi gas-cair dengan' detektor penangkap eiektron. Dari totalsembilan jenis insektisida yang diuji, seluruhnya terdeteksi pada sampeldengan konsentrasi berkisat dari tak terdeteksi sampai 101,2 ng/g.Frekuensi deteksi residu berkisar dari 3,1% (3 sampel) sampai 86 % (84sampel). Lindan merupakan yang paling banyak terdeteksi diikuti klorpirifos(52,0 %; 51 sampel) dan aldrin (51,0 %; 50 sampel). Sebanyak 15,71 % (11sampel) produk beras yang berasal dari Bogor yaitu jenis nasi (2 sampel),bubur (1 sampel) buras (2 sampel), lemper (2 sampel), ketupat (1 sampel)dan lontong (3 sampel) tercemar aldrin melebihi batas maksimum residu yangdihitung dari AD! {Acceptable Daily Intake). Nilai ED! {Estimated Daily Intake)buras, lemper dan lontong berturut-turut 23,52 xlO"^; 12,44x10"^; dan15,35x10"^ mg/kg berat badan per hari dengan pencapaian AD I berturut-turut235,2; 124,4 dan 153,5 % sehingga beresiko terhadap kesehatan konsumen.Konsumsi maksimal produk beras ini yang masih aman adalah 2 buras, 4lemper dan 192,99 miligram lontong. Sedangkan sampel tanah, air, berasdan produk beras lainnya masih aman

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The residue levels of organochiorine insecticides (iindane, aldrin,

dieldrin, heptachlor and endosulfan) and organophosphorus insecticides

(chlorpyriphos, propenofos, diazinon and malathion) were determined in soil,

water and rice from six villages in Karawang and rice products from twelve

traditional markets around Karawang, Jakarta and Bogor. The method for

monitoring these residues based on gas-liquid chromatography with electron

capture detector. All of the nine organochiorine and organophosphorus

insecticides investigated, were detected at concentration ranging from nondetectable

to 101,2 nanogram/gram. Frequencies of detection of insecticides

residues ranged from 3,1 % (3 samples) to 86 %(84 samples). Lindane was

the most frequently detected followed by chlorpyriphos (52,0 %; 51 samples)

and aldrin (51,0 %, 50 samples). A total of 15,71 % (11 samples) rice

products from Bogor such as rice (2 samples), bubur (1 sample), buras (2

samples), lemper (2 samples), ketupat (1 sample) and lontong (3 samples)

contained aldrin exceeded Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) determined from

Acceptable Daily Intake. The EDIs (Estimated Daily Intakes) of aldrin for

buras, lemper, and lontong were 23, 52x10"®; 12,44x10"®; 15,35x10"® mg/kg

body weight/day, respectively. These EDIs have exceeded ADI, were 235,2

% (buras), 124,4 % (lemper); 153,5 % (lontong). Therefore, consumption of

these foods poses a risk to consumer health. Based on ADI achieved,

maximum rice products consumption that will not pose a risk to consumer

health for buras, lemper and lontong are 2, 4 and 192,99 miligram,

respectively. The rest samples such as water, soil, rice and other rice

products were in safe level."

"Salah satu unsur Panca Usaha Tani yaitu adanya pengairan yang teratur. Irigasi menjamin tersedianya air pada saat dibutuhkan. Namun demikian, urituk meninqkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air perlu diatur pemberian air dengan ketat, antara lain untuk pengolahan tanah Sawah selama tiga puluh han. Dilain pihak, alasan penggunaan traktor antara lain, disektor pertanian terjadi kekurangan tenaga kerja, baik manusia maupun ternak. Sehingga upaya penggunaan traktor diharapkan dapat mempersingkat lama pengolahan tanah. Makin singkat lama pengolahan tanah, maka biaya yang dikeluarkan akan lebih rendah. Dengan demikian, penggunaan traktor juga diharapkan dapat menekan biaya pengolahan tanah sawah. Maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui peranan penggunaan traktor dalam mempersingkat lama pengolahan tanah dan menekan biaya pengolahan tanah sawah rata-rata per hektar. Sehubungan dengan tujuan penelitian diatas maka masalah yang akan dicoba dijawab adalah Di wilayah mana saja yang pengolahan tanah sawah dengan tenaga kerja tersedia (manusia dan ternak) melebihi masa pengolahan tanah sawah, di Kabupaten Karawang, bagaimana penyebaran traktornya, bagaimana peranan penyebaran traktor tersebut. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lama pengolahan tanah dengan tenaga kerja manusia dan ternak, lama pengolahan tanah dengan tenaga kerja manusia, ternak dan traktor, selisih lama pengolahan tanah dan selisih biaya pengolahan tanah sawah rata-rata per hektar. Untuk mengetahui peranan penggunaan traktor, dilakukan korelasi peta penyebaran traktor denqan vaniabel tersebut diatas berdasarkan sekala nilai, dimana sebelumnya masing - masing vaniabel tersebut diberikan nilai, yang kemudian diklasifikasikan dalam region nilai peranan penggunaan traktor. Sebagal penunjang digunakan perhitungan statistik, dalam hal ini adalah korelasi rank Spearman, dan untuk mengetahuj besarnya peranan penggunaan traktor yaitu dengan menghitung Koefisien Penentuan (KP)."

"Tanaman padi merupakan salah satu tanaman sebagai indikator dalam menentukan ketahanan pangan di Indonesia, Perlu dilakukan estimasi produktivitas padi untuk memberikan informasi dalam menentukan suatu kebijakan pada hasil produksi. Seiring berkembangnya teknologi, penginderaan jauh dapat mengestimasi produktivitas untuk pola tanam yang bersifat heterogen secara lebih akurat dan efisien dengan melakukan pendugaan umur tanaman padi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis distribusi spasial umur tanam dan estimasi produktivitas tanaman padi sawah di Kecamatan Banysuari, Kabupaten Karawang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) yang digunakan untuk melakukan pendugaan umur tanam tanaman padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks vegetasi dengan metode NDVI yang digunakan memiliki tingkat akurasi sebesar 90%. Distribusi spasial di Kecamatan Banyusari memiliki 5 wilayah berbeda berdasarkan umur tanamnya, dan waktu penanaman terdistribusi dari bagian tengah ke bagian timur dan barat wilayah Kecamatan Banyusari, Kabupaten Karawang secara bersamaan, lalu diikuti ke bagian utara dan selatan setelahnya. Estimasi produktivitas tanaman padi sawah yang dihitung memiliki nilai koefisien sebesar 0,891 dengan sifat hubungan kuat dan positif antara nilai NDVI dengan produksi di lapangan. Hasil estimasi produktivitas unggul pada bagian tengah dan barat Kecamatan Banyusari sebesar 7,80 ton/ha per tahun...... Rice is one of the plants as an indicator in determining food security in Indonesia. It is necessary to estimate rice productivity to provide information in determining policy on production results. As technology develops, remote sensing can estimate productivity for heterogeneous cropping patterns more accurately and efficiently by estimating the age of rice plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of planting age and estimation of the productivity of lowland rice in the Banyusari District, Karawang Regency. The method used in this research is Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) which is used to estimate the age of rice plants. The results showed that the vegetation index using the NDVI method used had an accuracy rate of 90%. The spatial distribution in the Banyusari District has 5 different region based on the age of planting, and the planting time is distributed from the center to the eastern and western parts of the Banyusari District, Karawang Regency simultaneously, then followed to the north and south afterward. The estimated productivity of lowland rice is calculated to have a coefficient of 0.891 with the nature of a strong and positive relationship between the value of NDVI and production in the field. The results of the estimation of superior productivity in the central and western parts of the Banyusari District are 7.80 tons/ha per year"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola keruangan umur dan produksi tanaman padi sawah pada tahun 2007 di Kabupaten Bekasi, Karawang, dan Subang. Dalam penelitian ini dinggunakan penginderaan jauh sebagai metode. Umur dan produksi tanaman padi di estimasi dengan menggunakan Enhanced Vegetation Indeks (EVI). Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah umur tanaman padi di daerah penelitian memiliki pola yang mengikuti akses aliran air irigasi, atau dapat dikatakan daerah yang memiliki akses lebih tinggi terhadap air irigasi sawah, memulai tanam padi lebih awal dari daerah yang lebih jauh dari sumber air irigasi, sehingga makin jauh dari saluran irigasi, umur tanaman padinya semakin muda. Estimasi produksi tanaman padi sawah pada tahun 2007 yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah 2.493.925 Ton, jumlah tesebut memiliki selisih sebesar 4,09% lebih kecil dengan angka yang dikeluarkan oleh Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Provinsi Jawa Barat.

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This research aims to find out age patterns and production of rice paddy fields in the year 2007 in Bekasi, Karawang and Subang. This research used remote sensing as a method. Age and rice production is estimated by using Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). Results obtained from this research is the age of rice in the research area have pattern that follow the flow of irrigation water, or it can be said areas that have higher access to irrigation water, start planting rice earlier from the more remote areas of the source of irrigation water , so the more remote from the irrigation channel, the age of the rice plants is younger. Estimation of the rice field crops production in the year 2007 obtained from the research is 2,493,925 Ton, the number is have a difference of 4.09% with the number issued by Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Provinsi Jawa Barat."

"The decrease of rice-field area is one of causes of decreasing rice production in Indonesia. Physical development in many sectors has been converting rice field area into others such as industry, high ways, settlement and other agricultural areas. Because of limited possibility to extent rice field area, one of the efforts of increasing rice production is to implement intensification program. Rice paddy intensification program relates to "green revolution". Reaching success in 1984 indicated by rice self sufficiency in the year of 1984. This modernization is considered of new rice farming technology application, which is popular by the term of Panca Usaha Tani (Pranadji, 1993). Five elements of Panca Usaha Tani are well soil preparation, prime seed, irrigation sufficient and regular, optimal application of fertilizer and pesticide. Karawang is one regency in West Java Province that considered as one of national rice producing areas. This region is strategic, because it is relatively flat and located in the area of Jatiluhur irrigation. These are the reasons of Karawang chosen as a model of rice paddy intensification program. The research title is "Pemodelan Indeks Tingkat Keberhasilan Intensifikasi Sawah di Kabupaten Karawang MT 1998/1999 dan MT 1999". The objective of the research is to determine successfulness index of rice paddy intensification in Karawang Regency. The index is based on qualification of existing soil quality, efforts conducted, and rice production. By comparing each index of each kecamatan, it can be seen level of successfulness of the kecamatan in implementing intensification program, and it can be identified what factors must be improved in order to increase rice production in those kecamatan. The research questions are (1) Where is the highest and lowest of successfulness index in Karawang on growing season of the year 1998/1999 and 1999? and (2) How is the consistence of the index? The research method employed is GIS, using overlay, classification and scoring techniques with kecamatan as analytical unit. The results indicate that the highest indeces are in the southern part of Kabupaten Karawang, especially in the area of "excellent" and "poor" soil quality. Those are Kecamatan Cikampek and Telukjambe. The lowest indices are in the Northern and central of Karawang Regency, particularly on the "excellent" soil quality, Those are Kecamatan Tirtajaya and Rengasdengklok. The results also indicate that the values of indices are consistence in measuring the level of successfulness in rice paddy intensification program in Karawang Regency in growing season of the year 1998/1999 and 1999. "

"The mathematical model was selected and the empirical equations were formulated from laboratory measurement by disturbed soil that was applied in undisturbed soil or field so required a correction factor. The correction factor could be expressed as a value of channeling fraction. The channeling process will affect to the average velocity of soil solution flow in soil. The average velocity of soil solution flows in soil controlled the fate of pesticide in undisturbed soil. The soil solution flows at undisturbed soil were expressed as two difference velocity values. The first part has equal velocity as its superficial velocity. The second part, because of chanelling, it was arbitrarily determined to be 10 times of the superficial velocity, and therefore, the superficial velocity of soil solution in the undisturbed soil must be corrected by the channeling fraction. The objective of the verification experiment was to identify a correction factor that could be expressed as channeling fraction in the equation as follows:V undisturbed soil = (1-channeling fraction) V Superficial + chanelling fraction (10 x v superficial)The verification was carried out at undisturbed soil obtained from three locations. The undisturbed soil in PVC pipe was saturated with water. After a saturated condition is reached, the flow direction of water was turned from top to bottom. The water continuously flows. After the steady state condition, water flow were substituted with the flow of fenitrothion solution, at the time was regarded as an initial condition (t=0). At the certain time the soil solutions at the outlet were taken to be determined the concentration of fenitrothion by HPLC. Based on the selected mathematical model and theempiricial equitations, the concentration of pesticide in soil solution as a position and time function can be calculated. The correction factor or the channeling fraction could be evaluated by comparing the fenitrothion concentration as a time function, from laboratory experiment data and from mathematical simulation result. The obtained channeling fraction values are 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1 for the clay loam-clay, the sandy loam-sand, and the loam-sandy loam textures, respectively."