Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Plants have been the chief source of compounds of medicine for thousand of years. Plants die also the source of many medicines ft>r the majority of the world's population, The role of biotechnology is very important for multiplying, conserving the spesies, and enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. Endophytes of novel secondary metabolites offering the potensial for medical and industrial exploitation. Natural products from various endophytic microbes have been investigated. Some examples of natural products observed from endophytic microbes are antibiotics, antiviral compounda; anticancers; antimalarial compounds; antioxidants, antidiabetics nad immunosuppressive compounds."

"Plants have been the chief source of compounds of medicine for thousand of years.Plants are also the source of many medicines for the majority of the world?s population. The role of biotechnology is very important for multiplying, conserving the spesies, and enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. Endophytes are microbes that inhabit plants are currently considered to be a wellspring of novelsecondary metabolites offering the potensial for medical and industrial exploitation. Natural products from various endophytic microbes have been investigated. Some examples of natural products observed from endophytic microbes are antibiotics, antiviralcompounds, anticancers, antimalarial compounds, antioxidants, antidiabetics, and immunosuppressive compounds."

"Barisan DNA dapat diartikan sebagai permutasi dari empat kode basa DNA yaitu A, T, G, dan C. Pada hasil sekuensing DNA, kadang kala ada basa DNA yang sulit terbaca dengan jelas apakah A, T, G, atau C. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, maka diberikan kode-kode lain yang merupakan probabilitas munculnya A, T, G, atau C pada setiap kode basa DNA. Sehingga secara keseluruhan terdapat kode basa DNA yang dapat dibentuk dari kode A, T, G, dan C. Enam belas kode basa DNA yang telah terbentuk dapat dinyatakan dalam quaternion berbentuk. Dengan menggunakan perkalian titik antara keenambelas kode basa DNA tersebut, diperoleh matriks skoring. Matriks skoring dibutuhkan pada pensejajaran barisan DNA untuk memberikan skor kecocokan atau ketidakcocokan antara dua kode basa DNA. Algoritma pensejajaran barisan DNA yang diimplementasikan pada penelitian ini adalah Algoritma Needleman-Wunsch untuk pensejajaran global dan Algoritma Smith-Waterman untuk pensejajaran lokal, algoritma ini diimplementasikan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman berbasis open source (Octave). Kemudian program pensejajaran yang telah dibuat diaplikasikan untuk mensejajarkan barisan DNA dari bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae yang diambil dari pangkalan data gen (GeneBank) dengan barisan DNA hasil sekuensing dari bakteri yang diduga Streptococcus pneumoniae. Dari hasil pensejajaran, diketahui bahwa kedua barisan mempunyai kemiripan yang maksimal.

---

DNA sequence can be defined as a permutation of four DNA base codes: A, T, G, and C. From the result of DNA sequencing, sometime there were dificulties to determine whether the DNA base code of A, T, G, or C. the Probability of other DNA base codes were given to solve this umbigue of DNA sequence reading with form of DNA base code which can be obtained from base code of A, T, G, and C. Sixteen of DNA base code can be represented with a quaternion form: . The scoring matrix was obtained from those sixteen of DNA base code using a dot product method. This scoring matrix can be applied in the DNA aligmnent for match and mismatch between two DNA base code.

In this study, we applied the Needleman-Wunsch Algorithm for gobal alignment and Smith-Waterman Algorithm for local aligment using the Octave, an open soucre program. The alignment program used for DNA sequences alignment from Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from the GeneBank and the DNA sequence obtained from sequensing result and suspected as Streptococcus pneumoniae. From this alignment, we found that two DNA sequences have maximum similarity."