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"The Inpres program basically is one of the Government's effort to strengthen the capacities of the regional Government to plan and implement development projects which met the needs of the region by providing direct access to local agencies to substantial public resources, as well as to narrow the gap of economic development between regions. However, the diversity of regional economic activity in Indonesia have caused a large variations in the region's ability to make the most of Inpres program. It is obvious that the diversity between regions could be a simple explanation of why the `effectiveness' of Inpres program varies across regions, that is, of why Inpres gives a substantial stimulus to development in some regions and has a nautral or even negative effect in other. That is the principal focus of this study, which aims to analyzes how far the Inpres program could achieve its objective effectively. According to the Paul Mosley's model, it is substantiated that the effectiveness of aid such as Inpres program is determined by several ultimates parameters which are related to the share of aid allocated to recurrent budget, the side-effect of aid on private sector and the ratio of changes in output to changes in private capital stocks and government capital stocks. Empirically, the study shows that Inpres program has some kind of straightforward `leverage' on regional economic development especially for the regions with high rate of growth. In other words, the effectiveness of aid is high in the region with high growth rate."

"Belanja pertahanan diperiksa untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan investasi di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah deret waktu (time series) mulai tahun 1976 hingga 2020 untuk memeriksa pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan untuk memeriksa pengaruhnya terhadap investasi menggunakan data deret waktu mulai tahun 1990 hingga 2020 di Indonesia. Dengan hipotesis belanja pertahanan memiliki hubungan kointegrasi dalam jangka panjang dan memiliki kasualitas dua arah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan investasi di Indonesia. Melalui pendekatan model Autoregression Distributed Lag dengan uji batas yaitu Bound Cointegration Test dan uji kasualitas Granger Toda-Yamamoto secara empiris menghasilkan belanja pertahanan berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan investasi di Indonesia dengan tingkat kepercayaan yang signifikan. Belanja pertahanan juga terbukti memiliki hubungan kointegrasi dalam jangka panjang atau bergerak bersama-sama dalam jangka panjang dan memiliki hubungan dua arah atau timbal balik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan investasi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini memperkuat teori bahwa belanja pertahanan adalah bagian dari komponen belanja permerintah yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan investasi, demikian juga sebaliknya. Dengan kata lain semakin meningkat investasi di Indonesia, maka secara linier akan mempengaruhi pendapatan pemerintah yang pada akhirnnya berimplikasi langsung terhadap peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi sehingga secara berkelanjutan dapat digunakan untuk membiayai pengeluaran pemerintah di bidang pertahanan.

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Defence expenditure is examined to determine its effect on economic growth and investment in Indonesia. The data used is a time series from 1976 to 2020 to examine its effect on economic growth and to examine its effect on investment using time series data from 1990 to 2020 in Indonesia. With the hypothesis that defense spending has a cointegration relationship in the long term and has a bidirectional to economic growth and investment in Indonesia. Through the Autoregression Distributed Lag model approach with a bound test, namely the Bound Cointegration Test and the Granger Toda-Yamamoto causality test, empirically, defence expenditure has a positive effect on economic growth and investment in Indonesia with a significant level of confidence. Defence expenditure is also proven to have a cointegration relationship in the long term or move together in the long term and has a a bidirectional or reciprocal relationship to economic growth and investment in Indonesia. The results of this study strengthen the theory that defence expenditure is part of the component of government expenditure that has a significant influence on economic growth and investment, and vice versa. In other words, increasing investment in Indonesia will linearly affect government revenues which, in the end, have direct implications for increasing economic growth so that it can be used sustainably to finance government expenditure in the defence sector."

"Kebijakan Kawasan Minapolitan merupakan konsep pembangunan ekonomi lokal berbasis manajemen wilayah dengan motor pengerak sektor kelautan dan perikanan dalam rangka menunjang pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia Nomor KEP.32/MEN/2010 tentang Penetapan kawasan Minapolitan, ditetapkanlah salah satu kawasan minapolitan yaitu Kebupaten Bintan, akan tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya tidak adanya peningkatan prekonomian dari sektor perikanan dan penggunaan lahan yang masih sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dan menganalisa efektivitas implementasi kebijakan pengembangan kawasan Minapolitan di Kabupaten Bintan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Fokus penelitian ini adalah pada implementasi kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan kebijakan pengembangan kawasan Minapolitan di Kabupaten Bintan berlum berjalan secara efektif hal itu disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi jalannya kebijakan antara lain yaitu Pelaksana Kebijakan, Sumber daya, masih banyaknya kepentingan kekuasaan yang terlibat, Karakteristik lembaga pelaksana, faktor fisik dan non fisik.

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Minapolitan Area policy is the local economic development concept based on regional management with marine and fisheries industrial sectors in order to support national economic growth. Indonesia's Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries decree number KEP.32/MEN/2010 concerning Stipulation Minapolitan region, decided Bintan regency as one of the minapolitan area, but in practice there are no significant economic increase in fisheries industrial sector and the number of land used for it.

This research aimed to analyze the factors that influence and the effectiveness of area development policy implementation for Minapolitan regency in Bintan, Riau Archipelago Province. This research is focused on the implementation of the policy with using the qualitative.

Results showed that the implementation of the Minapolitan regional development policy in Bintan regency is not run effectively. It is caused by several factors that influence the implementation, among others, Implementers Policy, Resources, there are many powerful interests are involved, the implementing agency characteristics, physical and non-physical factors."

"[ABSTRAKMakalah ini menyelidiki apakah kualitas tata kelola (governance)pemerintahan berkorelasi dengan pembangunan ekonomi di tingkat Kabupaten diIndonesia. Menggunakan analisis cross-sectional, penelitian ini meneliti dampakdari indikator pemerintahan di kabupaten terhadap kinerja ekonomi. Selain itu,metode variabel instrumental digunakan untuk menyelidiki masalah kausalitasantara tata kelola dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan surveiTata Kelola Ekonomi Daerah sebagai variabel untuk tata kelola pemerintahan danjumlah kecamatan sebagai variabel instrumental. Temuan utama penelitian iniadalah bahwa interaksi pemerintah dengan pihak swasta, biaya transaksi dan tatakelola infrastruktur merupakan faktor penting untuk meningkatkan kinerjaekonomi. Penelitian ini juga menemukan indikasi bahwa terdapat hubungan positifdari tata kelola terhadap kinerja ekonomi.

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ABSTRACTThis paper explore whether the quality of governance correlate with economicdevelopment at local level in Indonesia. Using cross-sectional analyses, this studyexamines the impacts of governance indicators on districts economic performance.In addition, instrumental variable method is use to investigate the causality issuebetween governance and economic growth. This study utilizes the Local EconomicGovernance survey as the variable for governance and the number of subdistrictsas the instrumental variable. The main finding is that that government-businessinteraction, transaction costs and infrastructure governance are important factors toincrease economic performance. This study also finds tentative evidence of thepositive relationship from economic governance to economic performance, This paper explore whether the quality of governance correlate with economicdevelopment at local level in Indonesia. Using cross-sectional analyses, this studyexamines the impacts of governance indicators on districts economic performance.In addition, instrumental variable method is use to investigate the causality issuebetween governance and economic growth. This study utilizes the Local EconomicGovernance survey as the variable for governance and the number of subdistrictsas the instrumental variable. The main finding is that that government-businessinteraction, transaction costs and infrastructure governance are important factors toincrease economic performance. This study also finds tentative evidence of thepositive relationship from economic governance to economic performance]"