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"This paper examines the fire smoke hazards of commercial - multi-function buildings known asRumah Toko or ?Ruko" The fire simulation was carried out using the NIST Fire Dynamic Simulators(FDS) model. The input for the model was taken from a typical design and sizes of this building built inIndonesian cities. On the basis of a set fire, two (2) design scenarios have been analyzed, i.e. thetraditional design and an improved design. The results of this work show that in the ordinary design ofthe Ruko building, smoke production during a fire can overcome the occupants in relatively short periodof time. Meanwhile the improved design by means of installing smoke shaft systems can improve theventing capacity of the building. On the basis of smoke density level, the margin of safety for evacuationefforts is extended from 160 s to more than 400 s by the use of smoke shaft systems."

"Bangunan tinggi dapat menjadi tempat beraktivitas yang aman dan selamat apabila dilindungi oleh sistem proteksi kebakaran yang handal dan berfungsi baik. Sistem proteksi kebakaran merupakan fungsi sistematis keselamatan kebakaran untuk memastikan bangunan tinggi dapat menjadi tempat beraktivitas yang aman dan selamat. Penelitian tentang proteksi kebakaran, umumnya berfokus pada sistem proteksi aktif dan pasif, sarana penyelamatan jiwa dan evakuasi. Penelitian ini mencoba melihat sistem proteksi kebakaran dilihat dari perspektif Fire Safety Officer dari sistem manajemen keselamatan kebakaran gedung. Pengelolaan sistem proteksi kebakaran dan sebagai responder awal pada kejadian kebakaran gedung memerlukan peran aktif dari petugas pemadam kebakaran gedung (Fire Safety Officer/FSO) dari Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Kebakaran Gedung. Metode pengumpulan data dan studi literatur dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi fungsi-fungsi dan aktivitas yang mempengaruhi peran FSO. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer didapat dengan menyebarkan kuesioner dengan responden dari Dinas Penanggulangan Kebakaran dan Penyelamatan DKI Jakarta dan unit pengelola keselamatan kebakaran di beberapa gedung bertingkat di DKI Jakarta. Sebanyak 50 kuesioner disebar, dan 38 kuesioner diterima dan dianalisis menggunakan MS Excel untuk mendapatkan pengukuran dan indikator yang valid dan relevan. Pengolahan data menunjukkan beberapa fungsi dan indikator pada pengelolaan keselamatan kebakaran gedung terdiri dari fungsi Pencegahan Kebakaran, fungsi Monitoring Fungsi Perpipaan, Pompa Kebakaran dan peralatan lainnya, fungsi Penanggulangan Kebakaran, dan Aktivitas pasca terjadinya kebakaran. Hasil penelitian dapat memberikan informasi tentang daftar aktivitas yang harus dilakukan seorang FSO terhadap kehandalan sistem proteksi kebakaran gedung untuk meminimalkan dampak kerugian properti dan korban jiwa.

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High-rise building is a safe and comfortable place of activities when protected by a fireprotection system that is reliable and functioning properly. Fire Protection System is a systematic function of fire safety management to ensure that high rise building to be a safe place for activities. The researches of fire protection are mostly focused on active and passive fire protection systems, life-saving and fire egress. This study aims to examine fire protection systems from the perspective of fire safety officer as an important part of fire safety management to ensure the fire protection system performance properly. The management of fire protection system an as initial responder needs the active role of building fire safety officer (FSO) as a part of building fire safety management.

Data collection and literature review are conducted to identify functions and activities factors needed that influence the role of FSO through the primary and secondary datas. Primary datas are conducted by spreading questionaire to several responder from DKI Jakarta Fire and Rescue Department and several high-rise building in DKI Jakarta. 50 questionaire were spreaded and 38 questionaire received and analyzed using MS Excel to have the relevant and valid indicators.

Data result showed several functions and activities consist of the functions of fire protection, functions of firepump and other fire equipment monitoring, functions of fire management, and activities of post-fire. The results of research are to provide informations for the activities of FSO significantly to building fire protection systems to minimize the impact of property losses and casualties."

"Pandemi Covid-19 merupakan ´black swan’ bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Indonesia telah memiliki aturan mengenai penanganan pandemi yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian dan Lembaga terkait, dalam pelaksanaannya beberapa aspek sulit diterapkan pada sektor konstruksi. Proyek mengalami berbagai macam kendala termasuk peningkatan risiko penularan Covid-19 di antara para pekerja konstruksi, terutama sebelum adanya diskresi regulasi protokol kesehatan masa pandemi dari Pemerintah untuk sektor konstruksi. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai norma, standar, prosedur, dan kriteria (NSPK) dan system manajemen keselamatan konstruksi (SMKK). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu Mengidentifikasi kesesuaian indikator pelaksanaan norma, standar, prosedur, dan kriteria (NSPK) terkait manajemen keselamatan konstruksi dibandingkan dengan norma yang berasal dari Peraturan Pemerintah pada proyek konstruksi bangunan gedung pada masa pandemi. Menganalisis kesenjangan yang terjadi di lapangan dalam pelaksanaan norma, standar, prosedur, dan kriteria (NSPK) terkait manajemen keselamatan pada proyek konstruksi yang ditetapkan perusahaan dan Pemerintah. Menganalisis hubungan antara penerapan NSPK K2 dan SMKK terhadap kinerja safety dan kinerja biaya pada proyek konstruksi gedung pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Mengembangkan strategi dari hasil evaluasi norma, standar, prosedur, dan kriteria (NSPK) untuk merumuskan manajemen keselamatan konstruksi yang komprehensif serta mampu meningkatkan kinerja keselamatan dan kinerja biaya perusahaan pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Tahapan penelitian ini dimulai dengan melakukan validasi pakar, survey responden dan FGD. Pelaksanaan evaluasi NSPK terkait manajemen keselamatan konstruksi pada proyek konstruksi gedung selama masa pandemi Covid-19 telah sesuai dengan norma yang berasal dari Peraturan Pemerintah. Penerapan NSPK terkait manajemen keselamatan konstruksi oleh perusahaan dan Pemerintah telah dilakukan secara konsisten dan terus-menerus di lapangan. Terdapat hubungan pengaruh antara penerapan NSPK K2 (norma, standar, prosedur, dan kriteria) dan SMKK (Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Konstruksi) terhadap kinerja keselamatan dan kinerja biaya pada proyek konstruksi gedung selama pandemi Covid-19. Strategi yang dikembangkan dari hasil evaluasi NSPK ini mencakup berbagai langkah penting dalam merumuskan manajemen keselamatan konstruksi yang komprehensif dan efektif selama pandemi Covid-19.

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The Covid-19 pandemic is a black swan event for the Indonesian economy. Indonesia has regulations on pandemic handling issued by relevant ministries and institutions, but in practice, some aspects are difficult to implement in the construction sector. Projects face various challenges, including increased risks of Covid-19 transmission among construction workers, especially before the government's discretion in implementing health protocol regulations for the construction sector during the pandemic. Therefore, research is needed on norms, standards, procedures, and criteria (NSPC) and construction safety management systems (CSMS). The aim of this research is to identify the suitability of indicators for implementing norms, standards, procedures, and criteria (NSPC) related to construction safety management compared to norms derived from government regulations for building construction projects during the pandemic. Analyze the gaps in the implementation of norms, standards, procedures, and criteria (NSPC) related to safety management in construction projects set by companies and the government. Analyze the relationship between the application of NSPC and CSMS on safety performance and cost performance in building construction projects during the Covid-19 pandemic. Develop strategies based on the evaluation of norms, standards, procedures, and criteria (NSPC) to formulate comprehensive construction safety management capable of improving safety performance and cost performance for companies during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research utilizes both qualitative and quantitative methods, including expert validation, respondent surveys, and focus group discussions (FGD). The evaluation of NSPC related to construction safety management in building construction projects during the Covid-19 pandemic has complied with the norms derived from government regulations. The application of NSPC related to construction safety management by companies and the government has been consistently and continuously implemented in the field. There is an influential relationship between the application of NSPC (norms, standards, procedures, and criteria) and CSMS (Construction Safety Management System) on safety performance and cost performance in building construction projects during the Covid-19 pandemic. The strategies developed from the evaluation of NSPC encompass various important steps in formulating comprehensive and effective construction safety management during the Covid-19 pandemic."