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"This book combines a model reduction technique with an efficient parametrization scheme for the purpose of solving a class of complex and computationally expensive simulation-based problems involving finite element models. These problems, which have a wide range of important applications in several engineering fields, include reliability analysis, structural dynamic simulation, sensitivity analysis, reliability-based design optimization, Bayesian model validation, uncertainty quantification and propagation, etc. The solution of this type of problems requires a large number of dynamic re-analyses. To cope with this difficulty, a model reduction technique known as substructure coupling for dynamic analysis is considered. While the use of reduced order models alleviates part of the computational effort, their repetitive generation during the simulation processes can be computational expensive due to the substantial computational overhead that arises at the substructure level. In this regard, an efficient finite element model parametrization scheme is considered. When the division of the structural model is guided by such a parametrization scheme, the generation of a small number of reduced order models is sufficient to run the large number of dynamic re-analyses. Thus, a drastic reduction in computational effort is achieved without compromising the accuracy of the results. The capabilities of the developed procedures are demonstrated in a number of simulation-based problems involving uncertainty."

"Gangguan penglihatan merupakan permasalahan yang sering ditemui di masyarakat dimana dapat disembuhkan total melalui operasi menggunakan laser. Sumber laser yang sering digunakan bersumber dari keramik transparan dengan material YAG. Namun, sintesis dari material YAG memerlukan temperatur 1600oC yang mana memerlukan energi yang tinggi. Sehingga, dalam penelitian ini, akan dikaji pengaruh ukuran partikel bahan awal dan proses aktivasi mekanik terhadap proses sintesis yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG). Studi yang dilakukan meliputi karakterisasi bahan awal secara komprehensif, melihat pengaruh perbedaan bahan awal pada saat proses pencampuran, serta mengkaji sifat termal sampel dengan ukuran bahan awal yang berbeda dan proses pencampuran yang berbeda. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan meliputi particle size analyzer, x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscope, dan thermogravimetry analysis. Bahan awal yang digunakan yaitu alumina dengan 2 ukuran berbeda yang memiliki kemurnian rendah dan yttria dengan kemurnian tinggi. Proses pencampuran manual dan milling dapat menghasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada nilai ukuran partikel dan ukuran kristalit setelah proses pencampuran. Akan tetapi, perbedaan ukuran bahan awal yang dicampur tidak berpengaruh terhadap hasil pencampuran. Analisis sifat termal menunjukkan perbedaan antara pencampuran manual dengan proses milling, di mana temperatur terjadinya reaksi setelah melaui proses milling menjadi lebih rendah. Di samping itu, hasil XRD pada pada sampel dengan proses pencampuran berbeda menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat signifikan. Pada sampel pencampuran manual, hanya terbentuk fasa yttrium aluminium monoklinik (YAM) dengan sisa yttria dan alumina yang tidak bereaksi pada temperatur 1100oC. Di samping itu, milling menggunakan media alumina, juga hanya membentuk fasa yttrium aluminium perovskit (YAP) dengan fasa minor YAM dan alumina pada saat dipanaskan pada temperatur 1100oC. Di sisi lain, dengan milling menggunakan media stainless steel, terbentuk fasa YAG pada temperatur 1100oC dengan pengotor berupa alumina yang tidak bereaksi. Rute reaksi sintesis YAG pada penelitian ini berbeda dengan umumnya di mana terbentuk fasa sekunder YFeO3 terlebih dahulu, kemudian bereaksi lebih lanjut dan membentuk YAG. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan, ukuran partikel tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pembentukan fasa YAG. Di sisi lain, proses milling menggunakan media stainless steel secara signifikan dapat mengurangi temperatur sintesis dari YAG dari 1600oC menjadi 1100oC. Dengan adanya penurunan temperatur sintesis ini, diharapkan pengembangan material YAG sebagai solid-state laser semakin berkembang dan dapat digunakan pada bidang medis.

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Visual disturbance problem is occurred in the society frequently. This illness can be completely cured through surgery using laser which usually used are made of transparent ceramic with YAG material. However, the synthesis of YAG material requires a temperature of 1600oC which requires high energy. So, in this research, the effect of particle size of raw material and mechanical activation process on the synthesis of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) had been studied. The studies were consisted about three part, there are: comprehensive characterization of raw materials, observe the effect of mixing and milling process to the materials, as well as investigate the thermal properties of the samples with different sizes of raw materials and different methods. Therefore, particle size analyzer, x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used as characterization instruments. The obtained data showed that the raw materials used were alumina with two different sizes which have low purity and yttria with high purity. Moreover, manual mixing and milling processes could produce significant differences in particle size and crystallite size after the process. However, the difference in the size of the raw material mixed did not affect the mixing result. Then, analysis of thermal properties showed the difference between manual mixing and the milling process, where the reaction temperature of YAG after the milling process became lower. In addition, the XRD results on samples with different mixing processes showed a very significant difference which in the manual mixed sample, only monoclinic yttrium aluminum (YAM) was formed with the remaining unreacted yttria and alumina at 1100oC. In addition, milling using alumina media only formed yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAP) phase with YAM and alumina minor phases when heated at 1100oC. On the other hand, when stainless steel media was used, a YAG phase was formed at a temperature of 1100oC with an impurity in the form of unreacted alumina. The reaction route for YAG synthesis in this study was different from that in general where the secondary phase of YFeO3 was formed first. Then, this secondary phase reacted further with the remaining alumina and finally formed YAG phase. Based on the results obtained, the particle size did not have a significant effect on the formation of the YAG phase. But, the milling process by using stainless steel media could significantly reduce the synthesis temperature of YAG from 1600oC to 1100oC. Therefore, this synthesis temperature decrease hopefully will accelerate the development of YAG materials as solid-state lasers so that it can be used in the medical field."

"Studi komputasi adalah studi yang ditentukan dari perhitungan struktur elektronik berupa material, seperti Fe, Ni, dan Co. Struktur kristal berupa material Fe, Ni, dan Co yang dikomputasikan adalah Fe3Ni2 dan Fe6Ni3Co. Struktur Fe6Ni3Co yang didapatkan dengan mengganti Ni pada Fe3Ni2 dengan Co. Studi ini telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan Density Functional Theory (DFT) melalui metode atomistik, optimasi geometri, dan analisis konstanta elastis. Metode atomistik menunjukkan bahwa struktur kristal yang berbentuk tetragonal dan kelompok ruang P4/mmm. Optimasi geometri dilakukan dengan menggunakan energy cutoff sebesar 300 eV terhadap struktur kristal yang berbentuk tetragonal dengan parameter kisi (a, b, c) adalah (10, 10, 1) dalam satuan Å. Analisis konstanta elastis menghasilkan besaran Cij terdiri dari i adalah pola regangan secara masing-masing sebanyak 6 dan j adalah amplitudo sebanyak 6. Cij berguna untuk menentukan konstanta elastis beserta jenisnya, antara lain modulus elastisitas, modulus bulk, modulus geser, kompresibilitas, dan rasio poisson serta berguna untuk menentukan kondisi stabilitas dari Fe3Ni2 dan Fe6Ni3Co.

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Computational studies are studies that are determined from the calculation of the electronic structure of materials, such as Fe, Ni, and Co. The crystal structures in the form of Fe, Ni, and Co materials which are computed are Fe3Ni2 and Fe6Ni3Co. The Fe6Ni3Co structure obtained by replacing Ni in Fe3Ni2 with Co. This study was carried out using Density Functional Theory (DFT) through atomistic method, geometry optimization, and elastic constant analysis. Atomistic method shows that the crystal structure is tetragonal and the space group is P4/mmm. Geometry optimization was carried out using a cutoff energy of 300 eV for a tetragonal crystal structure with lattice parameters (a, b, c) of (10, 10, 1) in Å units. Analysis of the elastic constant produces the amount Cij consist of i is the pattern of strain as many as 6 each and j is the amplitude of 6. Cij is useful for determine the elastic constants and their types, including modulus of elasticity, bulk modulus, shear modulus, compressibility, and poisson’s ratio as well useful to determine the stability conditions of Fe3Ni2 and Fe6Ni3Co."

"Ultra-precision machining is a promising solution for achieving excellent machined surface quality and sophisticated micro/nano-structures that influence the applications of components and devices. Further, given the ultrathin layer of material removed, it is a highly coupled process between cutting tool and material. In this book, scientists in the fields of mechanical engineering and materials science from China, Ukraine, Japan, Singapore present their latest research findings regarding the simulation and experiment of material-oriented ultra-precision machining. Covering various machining methods (cutting, grinding, polishing, ion beam and laser machining) and materials (metal, semiconductor and hard-brittle ceramics), it mainly focuses on the evaluation of the fundamental mechanisms and their implementation in processing optimization for different materials. It is of significant theoretical and practical value for guiding the fabrication of ultra-smooth and functional surfaces using ultra-precision machining."