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"Tulisan ini membahas mengenai perlindungan pengungsi internal dalam hukum internasional. Melalui metode studi pustaka, penulis menjabarkan hak-hak apa saja yang dijamin bagi pengungsi internal, khususnya dalam instrumen panduan internasional yang bernama United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Penulis menganalisa praktek-praktek negara yang mengadopsi Guiding Principles dan kemungkinan bagi dokumen tersebut untuk mencapai status hukum kebiasaan internasional. Dari hasil penelitan, tampak bahwa belum cukup bukti untuk menunjukkan sudah tercapainya status hukum kebiasaan internasional. Namun, ada kemungkinan status tersebut akan tercapai di waktu yang akan datang. Sementara hal tersebut belum terjadi, perlindungan hukum bagi pengungsi internal masih dapat merujuk kepada hak-hak asasi manusia yang tersebar dalam berbagai instrumen hukum hak asasi manusia dan hukum humaniter internasional.

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This mini-thesis focuses on the protection of internally displaced persons (IDPs) under international law. Through thorough document research, the author analyzes what rights are guaranteed for the IDPs ? in particular the rights that have been enshrined in the sole international document that refers to IDPS, namely the United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. However, seeing as this document is not legally binding in nature, the author will study how certain states have adopted it and the prospects for it to gain status as customary international law. As of now, it has not gained such status. Nevertheless, some of the basic rights of the IDPs are still guaranteed by the piecemeals in international human rights law and international humanitarian law."

"Under international law, a State may refuse to accord entry permit to its territory for aliens. However, there is always a possibility that under certain circumstances an alien enters a State territory without having any permit as it is in the case of refugee. Refugees have the right to be given protection as attached to their refugee status. The refugee rights for protection by the host stale is included in various regional and international treaties such as Convention relating the Status of Refugee 195! and the Protocol relating the Status of Refugee 1967, In reality, the refugee problem is more complex as it relates to legal issues such as those in regard to asylum seekers, stateless persons, illegal immigrant, and extradition. In many cases, there are difficult problems in deciding whether or not an individual or a group of aliens be given the refugee status. In an effort to solve the refugee problems around the world, the United Nations established the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The following article describes comprehensively the refugee problems faced the international community."

"The protection against cultural heriage was relatively narrow at first, which only includes the protection of tangible cultural heritage. But along the course of time, arising from a conciousness that believes that folklore is a part of the cultural heritage, then folklore should also be eligible to obtain protection. This is because folklore is one of the key in providing a nation its own specific identity. Therefore, the folklore of a nation must be protected and preserved by the nation itself. However, in realization, protection and preservation can also be provided by international organizations through the establishment of various international legal instruments. Indonesia has set the protection of folklore in the copyright regime. But in reality, the protection is far from its objetive. The chacaracteristics that are rooted in folklore and copyright are conflicting. As a result, there`s a necessity for a more effective protection of folklor. The protection efforts that are provided trough various international legal instruments seek to reduce illicit claims of folklore done by a foreign partty.

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Perlindungan terhadap warisan budaya pada awalnya bersifat relatif sempit yaitu perlindungan hanya terhadap benda cagar budaya. Namun seiring dengan jalannya waktu, timbul suatu kesadaran yang berpendapat bahwa folklor yang merupakan bagian dari warisan budaya juga layak untuk mendapatkan suatu perlindungan. Hal ini dikarenakan folklor merupakan salah satu kunci dalam memberikan suatu bangsa identitas yang khusus. Oleh karena itu, folklor suatu bangsa harus dilindungi dan dilestarikan oleh bangsa itu sendiri. Namun dalam perwujudannya, perlindungan dan pelestarian juga dapat diberikan oleh organisasi internasional melalui pembentukan berbagai instrumen hukum internasional. Saat ini Indonesia telah mengatur perlindungan folklor di bahwa rezim Hak Cipta. Namun pada kenyataannya, perlindungan tersebut jauh dari tujuannya. Karakteristik yang berakar dalam folklor dan Hak Cipta saling bertolak belakang, sehingga diperlukan suatu perlindungan yang lebih efektif terhadap folklor. Upaya-upaya perlindungan yang diberikan melalui berbagai instrumen hukum internasional bertujuan untuk mengurangi tindakan pengklaiman folklor yang tidak sah oleh pihak asing."

"Tanggal 31 Oktober 2011 melalui prosedur pemungutan suara di Konferensi Umum UNESCO Palestina secara resmi diterima menjadi anggota baru UNESCO. Ini adalah kasus pertama suatu entitas hukum internasional yang bukan merupakan anggota dari PBB diterima menjadi anggota dari organisasi ini. Skripsi ini membahas pokok permasalahan sebagai berikut : 1. Bagaimanakah sistem penerimaan keanggotaan dalam organisasi internasional 2. Bagaimanakah proses penerimaan Palestina sebagai anggota UNESCO dan 3. Bagaimanakah penerimaan Palestina jika ditinjau berdasarkan hukum internasional. Secara garis besar pembahasan didasarkan pada studi literatur mengenai perkembangan doktrin sejarah dan pengaturan keanggotaan dalam organisasi internasional dengan meninjau instrumen pokok dari UNESCO itu sendiri beserta prinsip umum PBB. Selanjutnya dianalisis pula pemenuhan persyaratan keanggotaan UNESCO oleh Palestina beserta dampak dampak penerimaannya. Secara ringkas simpulan yang didapat menjawab secara positif diterimanya Palestina sebagai anggota UNESCO adalah suatu hal yang diperbolehkan dalam hukum internasional.

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On October 31st 2011 through its General Conference voting procedures Palestine officially admitted as a new member of UNESCO. It is the first case for an international legal entity which are not a member of United Nations to be approved as a member of the organization. This undergraduate thesis tries to answer following questions :1. How does membership system in international organizations 2. How does admission of Palestine process to be a member of UNESCO and 3. How does admission of Palestine based on international law. Generally the analysis is based on literature study concerning development of doctrine histories and regulation on membership in international organizations based on UNESCO Constitution itself and United Nations general principles. Moreover the analysis also examines about requirements fullfilment by the Palestine with its implications In brief the conclusion answers in positive the admission of Palestine as a new member of UNESCO is a allowed in international law."

"Negara berdaulat merupakan negara yang memiliki kekuasaan tertinggi di wilayahnya sendiri. Hal itu tidak dapat diganggu gugat oleh negara manapun. Dewan Keamanan PBB yang bertujuan menjaga perdamaian dan keamanan internasional dapat memiliki wewenang terhadap suatu konflik internal. Konflik internal tersebut menjadi kewenangan Dewan Keamanan apabila dapat berkembang menjadi ancaman terhadap perdamaian dunia, pelanggaran terhadap perdamaian dunia dan tindakan agresi. Selama ini dalam prakteknya sering dilakukan intervensi dari suatu negara terhadap negara lain. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjawab mengenai masalah intervensi Dewan Keamanan PBB pada konflik yang terjadi di wilayah Pantai Gading.

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A sovereign state is a state where they have the highest power in their territory. This concept can not be breached by any nations. United Nations Security Council that in purpose to maintain international peace and security can have jurisdiction on an internal conflict. The internal conflict becomes United Nations Security Council's jurisdiction if it can be escalated to threat to peace, breach to peace, and an act of aggression. In practice, there have been a lot of cases about intervention done by states. With this research, there is hope to answer the problems about intervention that had been done by United Nations Security Council in Cote d'Ivoire."