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" This paper defines the informal sector (IS) as being self employedpersons assisted by family and other non-wage earners. It discusses sometheoretical aspects of the urban informal sector and presents some pertinentfindings in indonesia such as why persons enter the informal sector.relationships of the informal sector to itself and the formal sector (FS),factors affecting the competitiveness and potential of the informal sub-sectors. and the interpretation of a change in the size of the informal sectorrelative to the format sector. An analysis of Central Bureau of Statisticsdata shows that the rate of growth of the informal sector from 1985 to 1990was much tower than the formal sector and much lower than the informalsector from 1980 to 1985, with the construction and transportation sectorsbeing exceptions and the female informal sector growth rate being 39 % thatof males."

"Penelitian survival secara historical cohort pada enam puluh dua penderita tumor ovarium borderline. Terdapat 9 penderita stadium FIGO IA, 9 stadium IC, 3 stadium IIIA, 2 stadium IIIB, 4 stadium IIIC, 1 stadium IV dan 34 stadium inadekuat. Dua puluh satu penderita dilakukan pembedahan radikal, 10 penderita hanya dilakukan histerektomi total dan salfingo-ooforektomi bilateral, 6 penderita dilakukan pembedahan konservatif, 24 penderita hanya dilakukan unilateral salfingo-ooforektomi atau kistektomi dan 1 penderita hanya biopsi saja. Enam belas penderita mendapat kemoterapi adjuvan kombinasi dengan platinum base, yaitu 8 penderita stadium inadekuat, 7 stadium III dan 1 stadium IV. Lama pengamatan lanjut antara 0,002 sampai 10,48 tahun dengan median 3,5 tahun. Lima puluh sembilan penderita tetap hidup. Tiga penderita meninggal karena penyakitnya. Residif terjadi pada 4 penderita. Ketahanan hidup penderita 2 tahun 96% dan 10 tahun 94%. Pada test ?log rank? didapatkan residu dan tipe histologi merupakan faktor prognostik yang bermakna mempengaruhi survival. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 222-9)

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Sixty-two patients with borderline tumors of ovary were historical cohort analyzed for survival characteristics. There were 9 patients with FIGO stage IA, 9 with stage IC, 3 with stage IIIA, 2 with stage IIIB, 4 with stage IIIC, 1 with stage IV and 34 with inadequate stage tumors. Twenty one patients had surgical staging with radical surgery, 10 patient had at least a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, 6 patient had surgical staging with conservative surgery, 24 patient had at least a unilateral salphingo-oophorectomy or ovarian cystectomy and 1 patient had biopsy. Sixteen patients received cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy, that were 8 with inadequate stage tumors, 7 with stage III tumors and 1 with stage IV tumor. Follow-up range from 0.02 to 10.48 years, with a median of 3.5 years. Fifty nine patient were alive. Three patients died, all of disease. Recurrence were found in 4 patients. The overall 2-years survival rate was 96% and 10-years survival rate was 94%. In log rank test, residual disease and histology type were significant predictor of survival. (Med J Indones 2002; 11:222-9)"

"In the following I propose to survey research trends in the study of Japanese early modern history, in particular the history of Japanese foreign relations at the start of the early modern period, with a focus on the system of so-called “national seclusion” (sakoku). On an earlier occasion, in an article entitled “Development of Japanese: Studies on Sakoku (Closing the Country): A Survey “in this same Acia Asiatica (No. 22, 1972), I similarly reviewed currents in “national seclusion studies’ in Japan and research trends in the study of the history of Japanese foreign relations at the start of the early modern period with respect to research from the second half of the nineteenth century through to the late 1960’s. the present article may be regarded as a sequel to this earlier paper, and dealing chiefly with articles and books published by Japanese researches between 1070 and the early 1990’s and focusing primarily on the subject of the reexamination of “national seclusion” I have set out to summarize in my own way the currents and trends in Japanese research on the history of foreign relations during this period. The reader should note at the outset, however, that it has not been my intention to present an exhaustive review of every individual study pertaining to the subject at hand."