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"Tesis ini mengkaji mengenai pengujian formil undang-undang di Indonesia yang merupakan kompetensi kewenangan dari Mahkamah konstitusi dengan melakukan analisis terhadap putusan-putusan terhadap pengujian formil. Adapun beberapa permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian tesis ini meliputi: (i) desain dan praktik pengujian formil undang-undang di Indonesia; (ii) permasalahan pengujian formil undang-undang di Indonesia; dan (iii) desain gagasan ideal penataan pengujian formil undang-undang di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan tipologi penelitian eksplanatoris. Untuk menunjang penelitian ini, metode pendekatan yang dilakukan meliputi pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual,  dan pendekatan perbandingan. Pengujian formil undang-undang memiliki kaitan erat dengan pengejawantahan dari berbagai teori tentang pembentukan undang-undang yang pada intinya menekankan bahwa pembentukan undang-undang harus memenuhi asas dan prosedur formil baik secara teoritis maupun normatif, dikarenakan tanpa pemenuhan unsur tersebut sebuah undang-undang dapat dinyatakan tidak berlaku. Sehingga pengujian formil merupakan kerangka untuk menguji dan menilai pemenuhan persyaratan formil dalam pembentukan undang-undang. Pada praktiknya Mahkamah Konstitusi melakukan pengujian formil dengan merujuk pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur tata cara pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan dengan tetap menggunakan perspektif konstitusionalitas dalam melakukan pengujian. Pada perkembangannya tren putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi menunjukkan Mahkamah Konstitusi cenderung membatasi diri untuk mengabulkan pengujian formil undang-undang kendati terbukti undang-undang tersebut bertentangan dengan proses formil. Tercatat, Mahkamah Konstitusi baru sekali memutuskan dengan amar putusan mengabulkan pengujian formil yakni pada Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 91/PUU-XVIII/2020. Maka dari itu, terdapat urgensi bagi Mahkamah Konstitusi Indonesia untuk membuat sebuah batasan dan standar yang bersifat relatif dan bersifat mutlak. Standar yang bersifat relatif ini berkaitan dengan pelanggaran-pelanggaran relatif yang tidak berimplikasi pada pembatalan sebuah undang-undang. Di sisi lain standar mutlak ini berkaitan dengan standar yang harus dipenuhi yang mana pelanggaran terhadap standar ini akan berdampak pada sebuah norma dinyatakan inkonstitusional.

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This thesis examines the formal review of laws in Indonesia which is the competence of the constitutional court by conducting an analysis of decisions on formal review. Some of the issues discussed in this thesis research include: (i) the design and practice of formal review of laws in Indonesia; (ii) the problem of formal review of laws in Indonesia; and (iii) the design of ideal ideas for the arrangement of formal review of laws in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research with an explanatory research typology. To support this research, the approach taken includes a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. The formal examination of laws has a close relationship with the embodiment of various theories regarding the formation of laws which in essence emphasize that the formation of laws must comply with the principles and formal procedures both theoretically and normatively, because without fulfilling these elements a law can be declared not applicable. So that formal testing is a framework for testing and assessing the fulfillment of formal requirements in the formation of laws. In practice, the Constitutional Court carries out a formal review by referring to the laws and regulations that regulate the procedures for forming statutory regulations while still using the perspective of constitutionality in carrying out trials. In its development, the trend of Constitutional Court decisions shows that the Constitutional Court tends to limit itself to granting a formal review of a law even though it is proven that the law is contrary to the formal process. It is recorded that the Constitutional Court has only decided once with a ruling to grant a formal review, namely in the Constitutional Court Decision Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020. Therefore, there is an urgency for the Indonesian Constitutional Court to make a limitation and standard that is both relative and absolute. This relative standard relates to relative violations that do not have implications for the cancellation of a law. On the other hand, this absolute standard relates to standards that must be met where violations of these standards will have an impact on a norm being declared unconstitutional."

"Film merupakan gambaran atas realitas sosial yang terjadi sehari-hari di masyarakat. Ketika terdapat film yang muncul tidak sesuai dengan konstruksi sosial dominan di masyarakat, bukan tidak mungkin film tersebut akan mendapatkan respon negatif, bahkan hingga penolakan penayangan. Hal tersebut menimpa film ‘Kucumbu Tubuh Indahku’ garapan Garin Nugroho yang dirilis pada 18 April 2019 di Indonesia. Film ini menampilkan karakter Juno, seorang penari laki-laki dari kelompok tari Lengger Lanang yang lebih dominan diperlihatkan sisi femininnya dibanding maskulinitasnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis Teun Van Dijk untuk melihat kognisi sosial yang ada di masyarakat, khususnya bagi kelompok yang melakukan penolakan terhadap penayangan film ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi sosial berupa toxic masculinity dan diskriminasi terhadap kelompok LGBT masih menjadi narasi yang dominan ada di masyarakat.

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Film is a picture of social reality that happens everyday in society. When there is a film that appears not in accordance with the dominant social construction in society, it is not impossible that the film will get a negative response, even to the point of rejection of screening. This happened to the film 'Memories of My Body' directed by Garin Nugroho which was released on April 18, 2019 in Indonesia. This film features the character of Juno, a male dancer from the Lengger Lanang dance group who is more dominant in showing his feminine side than his masculinity. This study uses the critical discourse analysis method of Teun Van Dijk to see the social cognition that exists in society, especially for groups who reject the screening of this film. The results show that social construction in the form of toxic masculinity and discrimination against LGBT groups is still the dominant narrative in society."

"This study unveils the representations of women in the documentary film, Tanah Ibu Kami, which depicts women’s movements defending nature from corporations in four islands in Indonesia. It utilizes feminist critical discourse analysis which incorporates critical discourse analysis and feminist studies to disclose perplexing hegemonic power relations. The data in this study are taken from the transcription of the dialogues in the film. Some extracts constructing the representations of women in the film are extracted for further analysis. Interviews were conducted with the film’s producer and female figures. The four themes constructing the representations of women are: (1) women in patriarchal culture, (2) women as leaders in environmental movements, (3) women as symbols, and (4) women’s enthusiasm to protecting nature. The paper concludes that women are challenging traditional gender divisions and leading environmental movements. They have become the symbol of courage, bravery, and sacrifice. They are recognized as the equivalent of Kartini, a renowned Indonesian heroine, for all they have done as defenders of the land. They have raised awareness of the importance of caring relations with nature and spread the ecophilosophies by which humans can live in harmony with nature."

"Tesis ini membahas bagaimana film sebagai salah satu cabang budaya pop mampu memberikan propaganda bersenjata pada masyarakat Amerika. Kultur bersenjata yang dimiliki Amerika selama ratusan tahun kini diperkuat dengan besarnya dampak perfilman dan bagaimana film dengan mudahnya diakses dan diinternalisasi oleh para penontonnya. John Wick: Chapter 2 (2017) akan menjadi fokus penelitian dalam konteks product placement dan bagaimana dampaknya dalam masyarakat Amerika dan global. Death Wish (2018) akan menjadi fokus penelitian bagaimana narasi politik rasa takut di Amerika dilanggengkan dengan narasi kerentanan masyarakat menjadi korban apabila tidak bersenjata. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bagaimana kelindan NRA dan Hollywood serta bagaimana NRA mendapatkan keuntungan materiil serta hegemonik dengan banyaknya film bertema senjata api di Amerika.

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This thesis discusses how film as a branch of pop culture is able to provide armed propaganda to American society. The armed culture that America has had for hundreds of years is now strengthened by the magnitude of the impact of cinema and how films areeasily accessible and internalized by its audience. John Wick: Chapter 2 (2017) will be the focus of research in the context of product placement and how it impacts American and global society. Death Wish (2018) will be the focus of research on how the political narrative of fear in America is perpetuated by the narrative of the vulnerability of society to becoming victims if they are unarmed. This research also finds out howthe NRAandHollywood are intertwined and how the NRA gains material and hegemonic benefits from the many guns-themed films in America."