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"Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah telah ditetapkan melalui Undang Undang Tentang Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional dan Undang Undang Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah agar dibentuk secara partisipatif dengan melibatkan peran serta masyarakat secara langsung melalui forum konsultasi publik dan Musrenbang. Akan tetapi potensi masalah kemudian dihadapi tatkala Raperda RPJMD yang memuat usulan program dari masyarakat harus dievaluasi ulang oleh DPRD yang mana pada fakta kasusnya DPRD DKI Jakarta dalam pembentukan RPJMD di DKI Jakarta menyumbangkan sejumlah program baru di luar yang telah disepakati oleh masyarakat daerah sendiri. Penelitian tesis yang menggunakan metode yuridis normatif ini berisi kesimpulan bahwasanya mekanisme pembahasan Raperda RPJMD oleh DPRD dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia memiliki kecenderungan menjauhi legitimasi demokratis yang ada. Oleh karena itu dalam hal ini dibutuhkan rekonsepsi terhadap mekanisme pendekatan politik dalam pembentukan RPJMD yang diwujudkan melalui pembahasan Raperda RPJMD oleh DPRD agar dapat memenuhi legitimasi demokratis dalam penyusunan sebuah kebijakan yang sesuai dengan sistem hukum di Indonesia.

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The Regional Medium-Term Development Plan has been stipulated through the Law on the National Development Planning System and the Law on Regional Government that can be formed in a participatory manner by involving direct participation through public consultation forums and Development Planning Annual Meeting (Musrenbang). However, potential problems were then faced when the Draft of Regional Law which contained program proposals from the community had to be re-evaluated by the Province or City Council, in which case the DKI Jakarta Council was contributed a number of new programs out from those agreed upon by the community themselves in the formation of the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan in DKI Jakarta. This research that using the normative juridical method contains the conclusion that the Regional Council's evaluation mechanism for the Draft of Regional Law on Regional Medium-Term Development Plan in the legal system in Indonesia tends to move away from existing democratic legitimacy. Therefore in this case, a reconception of the political approach mechanism is needed in the formation of the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan in order to fulfill democratic legitimacy in formulating a policy that is in accordance with the legal system in Indonesia."

"ABSTRACTThe global civil society is often regarded as a progressive moral force that provides advocacy andprotection of marginalized groups in the global political arena. Nevertheless, departing from the belief that civil society has great power and influence over global dynamics, it sees that the legitimacy claims they articulate and articulated by academics are essential to be evaluated, especially with regard to their representation and accountability groups and individual beneficiaries. This paper concludes that the claims of legitimacy of civil society are less justifiable, both normatively and empirically. From the normative point of view, claims for civil society representation are problematic because they are often less ethical and thus have a counterproductive effect on the benefit of beneficiaries. In addition, they are more accountable to donors and the sustainability of related institutions than the interests of beneficiaries. From the empirical point of view, the legitimacy of civil society is also questionable because it is now emerging discourses from their own beneficiaries who oppose the actions of representatives and the lack of accountability demonstrated by International Non-Governmental Organizations over Beneficiaries. This paper concludes with a recommendation to the International NGOs to put the Beneficiaries interests as top priority and stop projecting beneficiaries as passive, mute, and without political agency."

"This book explores various digital representation strategies that could change the future of wooden architectures by blending tradition and innovation. Composed of 61 chapters, written by 153 authors hailing from 5 continents, 24 countries and 69 research centers, it addresses advanced digital modeling, with a particular focus on solutions involving generative models and dynamic value, inherent to the relation between knowing how to draw and how to build. Thanks to the potential of computing, areas like parametric design and digital manufacturing are opening exciting new avenues for the future of construction. The books chapters are divided into five sections that connect digital wood design to integrated approaches and generative design; to model synthesis and morphological comprehension; to lessons learned from nature and material explorations; to constructive wisdom and implementation-related challenges; and to parametric transfigurations and morphological optimizations. "

"This book is the go-to textbook for students learning the tools to question and critically analyze institutional and media texts and images. This second edition covers the emergence of new technologies and formats of representation, from the internet and the digital revolution to reality TV. Proving an indispensible resource for students and teachers in cultural and media studies."

""The legitimacy of the WTO's decision-making process has always been questioned, and many have advocated public participation mechanisms as a remedy. Yves Bonzon considers the limits and potential of these mechanisms by advancing a conceptual framework which distinguishes the four 'implementation parameters' of public participation: the goal, the object, the modalities, and the actors. He addresses the issue of legitimacy by considering to what extent, and by virtue of which legal principles, one can see implementing the democratic principle as a goal for public participation in the context of the WTO. By analysing the institutional structure of the WTO and its different types of decisions, he then outlines how this goal should influence the object and modalities of public participation, which decision-making procedures should be opened to public participation, and how the mechanisms should be implemented in practice. Finally, he suggests specific amendments to existing WTO arrangements on public participation"-"