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"In democracy sytem, political party has important roles. In principle, pollitical party is a breath of democracy itself. But in democracy, transition in Indonesia, political party has alienation phase from society. Besides, regeneration and internal conflict has thrown political parties into deep troubles. Nevertheless, there is an increasing tendency that political parties have become vehicle for those who want to be a president, governor, mayor or region head. They used political parties to get invelved in natonal or regional election. In regards of this tendency, it is important to bring the political parties back to their function as democracy foundation by upholding political education and good governance as politial vehicle in a democracy system."

"This 1997 book addresses the current debate regarding the liabilities and merits of presidential government. Does presidentialism make it less likely that democratic governments will be able to manage political conflict? With the unprecedented wave of transitions to democracy since the 1970s, this question has been hotly contested in political and intellectual circles all over the globe. The contributors to this volume examine variations among different presidential systems and skeptically view claims that presidentialism has added significantly to the problems of democratic governance and stability."