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"NICSO 2011 has offered an inspiring environment for debating the state of the art ideas and techniques in nature inspired cooperative strategies and a comprehensive image on recent applications of these ideas and techniques. The topics covered by this volume include swarm intelligence (such as ant and bee colony optimization), genetic algorithms, multiagent systems, coevolution and cooperation strategies, adversarial models, synergic building blocks, complex networks, social impact models, evolutionary design, self organized criticality, evolving systems, cellular automata, hybrid algorithms, and membrane computing (P-systems)."

"Cognitive radio networks (CRN) will be widely deployed in the near future, and this SpringerBrief covers some important aspects of it, as well as highlighting optimization strategies in Resource Allocation and Spectrum Sensing in CRNs. The cognitive approach in radio access is introduced in the first part of this SpringerBrief, and then next the benefits of cooperative spectrum sensing are highlighted and a framework for studying it under realistic channel conditions is described. New exact closed-form expressions for average false alarm probability and average detection probability are derived in this scenario. A novel approximation to alleviate the computational complexity of the proposed models are also discussed.Once the spectrum opportunities are identified, efficient and systematic resource allocation (RA) shall be performed. The second part of this SpringerBrief describes the taxonomy for the RA process in CRN. A comprehensive overview of the optimization strategies of the CRN RA is also provided. The device-to-device (D2D) communication scenario is discussed, then as a case study and various optimization strategies for the application of the CR technology in the D2D realm is studied. The application of advanced geometric water-filling (GWF) approach in CRN D2D environment for optimum resource allocation is presented in detail. Numerical results provide more insight quantitatively. Overall, this book is suitable for a wide audience that include students, faculty and researchers in wireless communication area and professionals in the wireless service industry."

"The article examines the current political development of the integration process of the EU. The author takes a closer look at the electoral voles of three very important EU members of the EU. The result of the EU referendum in three EU member countries shows a different opinion and ideology of the European citizen. Spain's weak and meek "yes" to the EU constitution obtained through a massive campaign by the political establishment and jointly by government and opposition alike. The result "no " in the Netherlands has shown signs nationalistic backlash towards EU constitution. A part from Holland social decline, the "no "from the left was this time based on the ELI lack of appeal. And the French "no" with high electoral participation was based on the excesses of the free market system within the EU constitution., necessarily implying a lessening of the French social welfare system, increased unemployment, and lowering of living standards. The author concludes with the questions: what the EU will be to the European Union? and where the process of the EU integration or disintegration will lead"