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"The criminal justice system encompasses the most severe instrument at the state's disposal in times of peace. For this and many other reasons, overuse of that system is a serious matter. It may present itself in different forms. Overuse of criminalization may mean that too much conduct is criminalized without necessity. Overuse of prosecution may present itself if too many violations of criminal offences are prosecuted, while in certain individual cases or specific categories of cases it would be more effective, fairer, more efficient or otherwise desirable to refrain from prosecution and/or to apply alternative means, such as negotiating justice or administrative fines. Finally, the criminal justice system can be overused through the application and execution of too many or too severe prison sentences. All these forms of overuse are discussed in this volume. It contains one introductory chapter, seven thematic chapters and sixteen chapters on individual countries around the world. Themes discussed in these chapters are, among others, the principle that criminal law is and must be regarded as a so-called ultima ratio or ultimum remedium, the relevant human rights framework, worldwide statistics, and legal and practical restraints as well as possibilities to solve overuse. Containing an extensive collection of expert knowledge, this volume intends to expose legal possibilities, good practices and the many challenges that lie ahead when attempting to prevent overuse in the criminal justice system."

"ABSTRAKA program titled "Operation Valkyrie" and implemented by the Illinois State Police for the purpose of interdicting drugs is presented as a study that illustrates reciprocity between a police organization and its institutional milieu. Information regarding this program was obtained from interviews with state police officials, from defense counsel who represented plaintiffs in interdiction cases, and from court records of Valkyrie interdictions. It is suggested that two aspects of its institutional environment, the environment of legal precedent in which the program is embedded and the network of state and federal agencies using similar interdiction strategies, influence the organization and activity of Operation Valkyrie. The article argues that current program activity reveals the way in which Operation Valkyrie is, in turn, affecting these two aspects of its institutional environment. "

"Dinamika perkembangan hukum pidana di Indonesia mulai mengarah kepada restorative justice. Hal ini didukung dengan kehadiran Undang-Undang Pemasyarakatan tahun 2022 dan Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Baru tahun 2023 yang memiliki semangat restorative justice dalam pelaksanaannya. Implikasi kedua undang-undang tersebut terhadap Pemasyarakatan juga turut memperluas tugas dan fungsi di setiap proses peradilan pidana khususnya untuk pelaku dewasa. Meskipun demikian, untuk sistem peradilan pidana umum, Pemasyarakatan belum memiliki model mengenai pelaksanaan restorative justice. Oleh karena itu, sebagai tindak lanjut dari kedua Undang-Undang tersebut maka diperlukan suatu model implementasi restorative justice yang dapat dilakukan oleh Pemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari model restorative justice Pemasyarakatan dalam dua konteks berbeda yaitu dalam hubungan dengan sub sistem peradilan pidana lain dan dalam fungsi Pemasyaratan seperti pembinaan dan pembimbingan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi dokumen peraturan-peraturan terkait pelaksanaan restorative justice di Indonesia serta wawancara studi lapangan. Kemudian peneliti menggunakan teknik delphi untuk memvalidasi rencana model yang telah diusulkan berdasarkan kerangka teoritik Evidence-Based Practice. Hasil penelitian memperoleh konsensus terhadap lima model implementasi restorative justice yang dapat dilakukan Pemasyarakatan dalam dua konteks tersebut. Model dalam hubungan dengan sub sistem peradilan pidana lain ditujukan untuk memberikan rekomendasi kepada penegak hukum melalui penelitian kemasyarakatan (litmas) yang dilakukan oleh Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan. Sedangkan model dalam fungsi pembinaan dan pembimbingan dilakukan untuk memperbaiki hubungan antara pelaku, masyarakat dan korban melalui program pembinaan dan pembimbingan. Untuk mendukung pelaksanaan model yang telah disusun, diperlukan dasar hukum yang mengikat seluruh aparat penegak hukum, reformulasi terhadap litmas dan penguatan struktur lembaga-lembaga terkait.

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The dynamics of the development of criminal law in Indonesia are starting to lead to restorative justice. This is supported by the presence of the Corrections Law of 2022 and the New Criminal Law Law of 2023 which have a spirit of restorative justice in their implementation. The implications of these two laws for Pemasyarakatan also expand the duties and functions in every criminal justice process, especially for adult offenders. However, for the criminal justice system, Pemasyarakatan do not yet have a model for implementing restorative justice. Therefore, as a follow-up to these two laws, a restorative justice implementation model is needed that can be carried out by Pemasyarakatan. This research was conducted to look for a restorative correctional justice model in two different contexts, namely in relation to other criminal justice sub-systems and in Pemasyarakatan functions such as rehabilitation and guidance. The research method used was a study of regulatory documents related to the implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia and field interviews. Then Delphi technique was used to validate the proposed model based on the Evidence-Based Practice theoretical framework. The research results obtained a consensus on five models of implementing restorative justice that can be carried out by Pemasyarakatan in these two contexts. The model in relation to other criminal justice sub-systems is aimed at providing recommendations to law enforcers through social inquiry reports (litmas) carried out by Probation Officers. Meanwhile, the model in the coaching and mentoring function is carried out to improve the relationship between the perpetrator, the community and the victim through a rehabilitation and guidance program. To support the model that has been prepared, a legal basis is needed that binds all law enforcement officials, reformulation of social inquiry reports and strengthening the structure of related institutions."

"Tesis ini menganalisis bagaimana pelaksanaan diversi di tingkat penyidikan, penuntutan, dan pemeriksaan perkara anak di Pengadilan Negeri, bagaimana parameter untuk mengukur keberhasilan pelaksanaan diversi oleh Petugas dan bagaimana model yang dapat dipakai untuk menjamin pelaksanaan Diversi. Tesis ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal. Diversi merupakan proses pengalihan penyelesaian perkara anak dari proses peradilan pidana ke proses di luar peradilan pidana. Diversi dapat dilaksanakan pada tingkat penyidikan, penuntutan dan pemeriksaan perkara anak di Pengadilan Negeri berdasarkan pendekatan keadilan restoratif sesuai amanat Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Dalam praktiknya tidak semua tindak pidana dapat dilaksanakan dengan diversi. Faktor yang mendorong terwujudnya proses diversi diantaranya adanya persetujuan dan kesediaan pihak korban dan pihak pelaku untuk menyelesaikan perkara melalui diversi serta adanya kesepakatan perdamaian antara pihak korban dan pihak pelaku dalam penyelesaian perkara dengan musyawarah diversi. Parameter untuk mengukur keberhasilan pelaksanaan diversi oleh Petugas di antaranya adanya kesepakatan diversi, tidak mengulangi pidana dan keberhasilan reintegrasi sosial. Model yang dapat dipakai untuk menjamin pelaksanaan diversi yaitu model Conference / Family Group Conference yang melibatkan instrumen masyarakat.

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This thesis analyzes how the implementation of diversion at the level of investigation, prosecution, and examination of juvenile cases in the District Court, what are the parameters for measuring the successful implementation of diversion by Officers and what models can be used to ensure the implementation of Diversion. This thesis was prepared using doctrinal research methods. Diversion is the process of transferring the settlement of juvenile cases from the criminal justice process to a process outside criminal justice. Diversion can be implemented at the level of investigation, prosecution and examination of children’s cases in the District Court based on a restorative justice approach as mandated by Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System. In practice, not all criminal offenses can be implemented with diversion. Factors that encourage the realization of the diversion process include the agreement and willingness of the victim and the perpetrator to resolve the case through diversion and the existence of a peace agreement between the victim and the perpetrator in resolving the case with a diversion deliberation. Parameters to measure the successful implementation of diversion by officers include the existence of a diversion agreement, not repeating the crime and the success of social reintegration. The model that can be used to ensure the implementation of diversion is the Conference / Family Group Conference model which involves community instruments."

"Tesis ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang analisis penerbitan Surat Penghentian Penyidikan (SP3) dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana melalui diversi di Kepolisian Resor Metro Jakarta Selatan (Polres Metro Jaksel) ditinjau dari ketentuan Pasal 109 ayat (2) Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif-kualitatif yang bersumber dari data primer dan sekunder dengan metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara wawancara informan primer, observasi dan telaahan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pertama, Penerbitan SP3 sebagai surat ketetapan penghentian penyidikan dalam UUSPPA menjadi lembaga yang digunakan oleh penyidik Polrestro Jaksel untuk menghentikan penyidikan tindak pidana melalui proses diversi. Namun demikian penerbitan SP3 sebagai bentuk penyelesaian perkara AKH melalui diversi tetap merujuk pada ketentuan Pasal 109 ayat (2) KUHAP, yang menjadi lembaga penghentian penyidikan yang dilatarbelakangi secara limitatif dalam ketentuan pasal tersebut. Kedua, Dampak yang dapat terjadi apabila pelaksanaan diversi dinyatakan selesai dengan diterbitkannya SP3 yang merujuk pada Pasal 109 ayat (2) KUHAP sebagai surat ketetapan penghentian penyidikan tindak pidana sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Pasal 24 PP Diversi maka memberikan ruang untuk dibuka kembali penyidikan atas perkara tersebut sehingga AKH tidak memperoleh kepastian hukum dalam penyelesaian perkaranya. Sejatinya, penerbitan SP3 pada penyelesaian perkara AKH dimaksudkan untuk menyatakan bahwa perkara AKH telah selesai diperiksa dan diadili (memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap) serta telah dilaksanakan hukumannya sehingga tidak dapat dituntut kembali (nebis in idem) pada masa mendatang.

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This thesis is the result of research on the analysis of the issuance of Letters of Termination of Investigation (SP3) in the settlement of criminal cases through diversion at the South Jakarta Metro Police (Polres Metro Jaksel) in terms of the provisions of Article 109 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Procedure Code. This research was conducted using a descriptive-qualitative method, which was sourced from primary and secondary data. The data collection method was carried out by interviewing primary informants, observing and reviewing documents. The results of the study show, first, the issuance of SP3 as a decree on termination of investigations in UUSPPA is an institution used by South Jakarta Police investigators to stop criminal investigations through the diversion process. However, the issuance of SP3 as a form of settlement of AKH cases through diversion still refers to the provisions of Article 109 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Procedure Code, which is an institution for ending investigations with a limited background in the provisions of that article. Second, the impact that can occur if the implementation of diversion is declared complete with the issuance of SP3 which refers to Article 109 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Procedure Code as a decision letter to stop the investigation of criminal acts as mandated in Article 24 PP Diversion, thus providing space for the investigation of the case to be reopened so that AKH do not obtain legal certainty in the settlement of the case. In fact, the issuance of SP3 in the settlement of the AKH case is intended to state that the AKH case has been examined and tried (has permanent legal force) and the sentence has been carried out so that it cannot be prosecuted again (nebis in idem) in the future."