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"ABSTRAKRuang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian :Monosodium glutamat (MSG) adalah garam monosodium dengan asam glutamat yang sering digunakan sebagai bahan penyedap masakan untuk merangsang selera makan. Penggunaan MSG secara berlebihan terutama oleh ibu-ibu yang sedang menyusui, dikhawatirkan akan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap anak yang disusuinya. Pada penelitian hewan percobaan dalam perioda neonatal telah ditemukan bukti bahwa MSG dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada hipotalamus, fungsi reproduksi, dan beberapa organ lainnya. Hasil pengamatan tersebut menimbulkan pemikiran untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh pemberian MSG melalui ASI terhadap fekunditas anaknya yang betina. Dosis MSG pada penelitian ini adalah 4800, 9600, 12000, dan 14400 mg/kg BB/hari melalui pencekokkan pada induk mencit betina galur Swiss Webster selama menyusui anaknya (21 hari). Parameter yang dinilai adalah jumlah anak (F2), jumlah korpus luteum (F1) umur 90 hari, dan jumlah folikel (Fl) umur 90 hari. Sebagai parameter tambahan adalah berat badan lahir (F2), berat badan (F 1) umur 90 hari, dan berat ovarium (Fl) umur 90 hari.Hasil Penelitian dan Kesimpulan :Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan jumlah anak (F2) yang bermakna (P<0,05) pada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan dengan MSG dosis 9600 mg/kg BB/hari, dan sangat bermakna (P<0,01) pada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan dengan MSG dosis 12000 dan 14400 mg/kg BB/hari dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Terdapat penurunan jumlah korpus luteum (Fl) umur 90 hari yang bermakna (P<0,05) pada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan dengan MSG dosis 4800 dan 9600 mg/kg BB/hari, dan sangat bermakna (P<0,01) pada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan dengan MSG dosis 12000 dan 14400 mg/kg BB/hari dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Adanya kenaikan berat badan (F1) umur 90 hari yang bermakna (P<0,05) pada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan dengan MSG dosis 4800 dan 9600 mg/kg BB/hari, dan sangat bermakna (P<0,01) pada kelompok yang diberi perlakuan dengan MSG dosis 12000 dan 14400 mg/kg BB/hari dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Sedangkan jumlah folikel (F1) umur 90 hari, berat badan lahir (F2), dan berat ovarium (Fl) umur 90 hari tidak mengalami perubahan yang bermakna (P>0,05).Kesimpulan yang didapat dari basil penelitian ini adalah pemberian MSG dengan dosis 4800 sit :114400 mg/kg BB/hari secara oral pada induk mencit betina galur Swiss Webster selama menyusui (21 hari) dapat menurunkan fekunditas anaknya yang betina.

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ABSTRACT

Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a monosodium salt with sodium acids, has become widely used in food cooking as a taste-active ingredient. Excessive usage of MSG by women who is breast feeding their infant are being afraid of having negative effects to the infant. The experimental study on animal within neonatal period indicated that MSG may cause a severe damage of hypothalamus, reproductive function, and some other vital organs. Those findings give an idea to carry out an investigation on the effects of MSG administration through mother milk on the fecundity of female breast fed infant. MSG administration in this investigation are of doses of 4800, 9600, 12000, and 14400 mg/kg body weight/day done orally to female Swiss Webster strain mice during breast feeding (21 days). The main parameter observed are the total number of new born mice (F2). number of corpus luteum (F 1) at 90 days of age, and the number of follicle (F 1) at 90 days of age, whilst the additional parameter are the body weight of new born mice (F2) at 1 day of age, body weight (F 1) at 90 days of age, and the weight of ovaries (Fl) at 90 days of age.

Results of Study and Conclusions :

The results of study indicated that a significant decrease (P<0,05) of the number of new born mice (F2) was occurred on a group treated by MSG of 9600 mg/kg body weight/day, and a very significant decrease (P<0,01) on groups treated by MSG of 12000 and 14400 mg/kg body weight/day compared with the group of control. The were significant decreases (P<0,05) on groups treated by MSG of 4800 and 9600 mg/kg body weight/day, and very significant decreases (P<0,01) on groups treated by MSG of 12000 and 14400 mg/kg body weight/day compared with the group of control. There were no significant changes (P>0,05) in the number of follicle (F I) at 90 days of age, body weight of new born mice at 1 day of age, and weight of ovaries (F1) at 90 days of age.

This study concluded that, MSG administration of the doses of 4800 up to 14400 mg/kg body weight/day orally on female Swiss Webster strain mice during breast feeding (21 days) may decrease the fecundity of female new born mice."

"In 1959 C.P. Snow delivered his now-famous Rede Lecture, "The Two Cultures," a reflection on the academy based on the premise that intellectual life was divided into two cultures: the arts and humanities on one side and the natural sciences on the other. Since then, a third culture, generally termed "social science" and comprising the fields of sociology, anthropology, political science, economics, and psychology, has grown in importance. Jerome Kagan's book describes the assumptions, vocabulary, and contributions of each of these cultures and argues that the meanings of many of the concepts used by each community are unique to its methods because the source of evidence contributes to meaning. The text summarizes the contributions of the social sciences and humanities to our understanding of human nature and questions the popular belief that biological processes are the main determinant of variation in human behavior. "