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"Konstitusi Federasi Rusia sudah mencantumkan secara rinci dan sistematis hak dan kepentingan antara individu, masyarakat, dan negara, tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya mengalami berbagai hambatan. Masalah penelitian ini adalah melihat kesenjangan antara aspek normatif dan empiris itu. Sedangkan tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan dan mengkaji sistem demokrasi di Rusia dalam masa transisi demokrasi selama tahun 1992 - 1999, dengan melihat dari indikator perlindungan HAM yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Rusia, khususnya perlindungan HAM pada pekerja media massa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan strukturis dengan melihat sejarah sebagai perubahan sosial yang disebabkan oleh adanya dialektika antara keberadaan para agensi dengan struktur sosial yang ada. Kontribusi penelitian ini secara teoritis dan praktis diharapkan dapat menjadi kajian perbandingan dalam melihat pelaksanaan demokrasi dan perlindungan HAM di negara lain, termasuk Indonesia.

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The Constitution of the Russian Federation has incorporated in detail and in systematic manner the rights and interests among individual, societies, and. the state. In their implementation, however, there has been obstacle. The problematic of this research looks at this discrepancy between the normative and empirical aspects. The aim of this research in to explain and analyze the democratic system in Russian during the democratic transition period 1992-1999 by looking as an indicator the protection of human rights by the Russian government, especially that accorded to mass media wreckers. The approach employed in this research is structures that view history as social change caused by a dialectics between agency and the existence social structure. This research contributes in term of both theory and practice, to comparative studies of democratic process and human rights protection in other countries, including Indonesia."

"This article will discuss the ultranationalist movement in Russia, emerged and flourished in the early until in the middle of 1990s in Russian Federation state. This ullranationalist movement emerged sporadically at the same time with the emerge of other movement groups at the time of democracy transition period. The openness condition had pushed elements of society established political groups and parties. Most of them supported government programs, while the other put a role as opposition groups. The ultranationalist movement, united in Democrat-Liberal Party, was the hard-liner groups, who opposed Russian government policy. However, in the middle of 1990s, this movement was becoming weak. The emerge and weakened of this movement was caused by some factors which will be discussed in the article below."

"ABSTRAKReformasi yang menggerakkan demokratisasi kehidupan bernegara telah memberikan berkah energi konstruktif bagibangsa Indonesia untuk merekonstruksi kehidupan bernegara yang demokratis. Karenanya reformasi merupakan transisidemokrasi menuju konsolidasi demokrasi, sebagai fase menuju negara demokrasi substansial yang mensejahterakan rakyat, baik di bidang politik, sosial, dan ekonomi. Namun dalam praktiknya, transisi demokrasi tidak berjalan linier, melainkan timbul berbagai distorsi yang mengganggu konsolidasi demokrasi menuju cita-cita negara demokrasi.

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AbstractReformation which shifts democratization of the state gave constructive energy for Indonesian to reconstruct its democratic state. Therefore, reformation which became the democratic transition to democratic consolidation, is a phase toward substancial democratic state who prospers the people in politics, social & economics. In fact, the democratic transition is not always smooth; many distortions disturbing the democratic consolidation toward the realization of the democratic state appear."