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"TKA ini membahas tentang relasi bisnis dan politik antara Oknha dan Perdana Menteri Hun Sen dalam kasus perampasan lahan tahun 2003-2012 melalui kebijakan reformasi lahan di Kamboja. Maka untuk memaparkannya, digunakan konsep neo-patrimonialisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan teknik penelitian studi literatur. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan reformasi lahan digunakan sebagai alat untuk membangun pola hubungan antara Oknha dan Hun Sen. Pola hubungan tersebut dalam bentuk patron-klien yang mengarah pada sistem neo-patrimonialisme. Adanya pola hubungan neo-patrimonialisme dalam kebijakan reformasi lahan tersebut mengakibatkan kasus-kasus perampasan lahan yang terjadi di Kamboja.

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This thesis discuss the business and political relation between Oknha and prime minister Hun Sen from the cases of land grabbing in 2003-2012 through land reform policy in Cambodia. Then to explain this, using the concept of neopatrimonialism. The research methodology is qualitative with literature study.

The result of this research showed that the land reform policy is use as a tool to establish a pattern of political and business affair between Oknha and Hun Sen in the form of patron-client which led to become neo-patrimonialism system. The existence of neo-patrimonialism relations in land reform policy led a negative impact such as cases on land grabbing in Cambodia. "

"Skripsi ini membahas pemikiran Amartya Sen tentang multi-identitas. Dengan sifatnya yang multi, identitas dapat menjadi sumber kesejahteraan dan ancaman. Rasa persamaan identitas dapat memberi sumbangan berarti bagi kehidupan kelompok. Namun, rasa keterikatan yang kuat pada satu kelompok dapat mengandung di dalamnya persepsi tentang jarak dan keterpisahan dengan kelompok lain. Individu akan terjebak dalam kolektivisme. Anggapan bahwa identitas kelompok adalah satu-satunya identitas individu, membuka jalan lahirnya politik identitas. Kebenaran harus dipastikan pada satu kelompok dengan menolak eksistensi kelompok lain. Penolakan tersebut dapat terwujud dalam tindak kekerasan. Solusi atas persoalan ini adalah meningkatkan kapabilitas kebebasan bernalar. Melalui kebebasan bernalar, setiap individu terarah untuk terbuka terhadap kepelbagaian yang ada. Penalaran publik yang berlangsung dalam praktik demokrasi dan imparsialitas dapat ditempuh untuk merealisasikan kebutuhan tersebut.

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This study discusses about the thought of Amartya Sen of multi-identity. By its multi, the identity can be a source of the threat and the prosperity. The equality of identity can give significant contribution to the group’s life. However, a strong sense of interest to the particular group implies the perception of distance and the separation to other groups. The individual will be trapped to collectivism. The assumption that the group identity is the only individual identity can cause the identity politics. The truth must be ascertained in a particular group by denying the existence of other groups. Violence is the manifestation of the rejection. The solution of this problem is increasing the freedom of reasoning capabilities. Through the freedom of reasoning, any individual is opened to the existing diversity. The public reason which takes place in the practice of democracy and impartiality can be taken to realize those needs."

"How to achieve positive outcomes using planning and conversational techniques. Very few of us are born negotiators. However, Successful Negotiating can teach you the art of win/win negotiation. You?ll get a firm grasp of the negotiating tricks and techniques the pros use. Learn everything from prenegotiation planning to the use of seemingly unimportant details like seating arrangements and meeting site selection to influence the results of negotiations. You will learn how to: ? Sway an opponent with timing and association techniques ? Identify an opponent's real but often hidden needs ? Use questions to control the thrust of a discussion ? Employ proven strategies like the "missing man," "straw issues," and "walkout" ploys ? Communicate a position clearly and precisely ? Plan a realistic course of action based on sound preparation and an objective appraisal of resources ? Keep the negotiation process open to reasonableness and flexibility at all times ? Draw on your own skills, experience, and self-discipline to keep the process moving in the direction you want. This is an ebook version of the AMA Self-Study course. If you want to take the course for credit you need to either purchase a hard copy of the course through amaselfstudy."

"Vaishnava sadhu. Arya Samajist. Buddhist monk. Hindi nationalist. Communist. These are the identities Rahul Sankrityayan (1893-1963), born a sanatani Brahmin, donned during the early 20th century. Widely known in the field of Buddhist studies and Hindi literature, Sankrityayan was also a prolific writer whose varied ideological stances have baffled his critics and admirers alike. While several works have tried to analyse Sankrityayans life through the lens of these identities, few have delved deep into the ambivalence that marked his thoughts and writings as he shifted his allegiance between these identities. A Freethinking Cultural Nationalist takes, as its starting point, the insight that Sankrityayans personality was a product of the Indian renaissance period, and situates his life and work critically within the wider framework of his times. By exploring the thread that held together the different aspects of his personality, it presents a multifaceted picture not just of the man, but of India itself. Alaka Atreya Chudal focuses attention on Sankrityayans affiliation to the Arya Samaj, his contributions to Buddhist studies, his efforts to enrich Hindi literature and support Hindi nationalism, and his adaptation of Marxism to the Indian context, in other words, a whole lifes work, in which each of the elements fructifies the others. A separate concern is to delineate how Sankrityayan made his influence felt beyond Indias borders, in neighbouring Nepal."

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Skripsi ini menganalisa akuntabilitas hukum dalam pengalihan kepemilikan saham pada transaksi repurchase agreement (repo), dengan fokus khusus pada Putusan Nomor 1491 K/PID.SUS/2016 dan Nomor 1104 K/PID.SUS/2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan kasus, undang-undang, dan analitis. Bahan hukum primer mencakup dua putusan pengadilan tingkat akhir dan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait, didukung oleh bahan hukum sekunder. Transaksi repo muncul dari perkembangan dinamis di pasar modal. Istilah "repo" dapat berarti perjanjian jual beli dengan janji untuk membeli kembali atau menjual kembali saham pada harga dan waktu yang telah ditentukan. Variasi pemahaman ini dapat menyebabkan tanggung jawab yang berbeda bagi para pihak yang terlibat. Masalah hukum dalam makalah ini muncul dari dua putusan pengadilan akhir dengan peristiwa hukum yang serupa—transaksi repo saham di mana pembeli mengalihkan saham repo tanpa persetujuan penjual. Dalam Putusan No. 1491/K.Pid.Sus/2016, pengadilan menyatakan terdakwa bersalah atas tindak pidana penggelapan. Sebaliknya, Putusan No. 1104/K.Pid.Sus/2017 menghasilkan terdakwa dibebaskan dari semua tuduhan. Skripsi ini berpendapat bahwa tindakan pembeli yang mengalihkan saham tanpa persetujuan penjual dalam transaksi repo seharusnya diklasifikasikan sebagai pelanggaran kontrak (wanprestasi) daripada tindak pidana. Selain itu, makalah ini menyarankan bahwa penerapan Peraturan OJK Nomor 9/POJK.04/2015 dapat secara efektif menangani isu-isu inti dalam kedua kasus tersebut.

 

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This paper analyzes the legal accountability in the transfer of ownership of shares in repurchase agreement (repo) transactions, specifically focusing on Decision Number 1491 K/PID.SUS/2016 and Number 1104 K/PID.SUS/2017. The research employs normative juridical methods, using case, statute, and analytical approaches. Primary legal materials include the two final court decisions and relevant legislation, supported by secondary legal materials. Repo transactions arise from the dynamic developments in the capital market. The term "repo" can mean a sales agreement with a promise to repurchase or resell shares at a predetermined price and time. This variation in understanding can lead to different responsibilities for the involved parties. The legal issue in this paper stems from two final court decisions with similar legal events—share repo transactions where the buyer transferred the repo shares without the seller's consent. In Decision No. 1491/K.Pid.Sus/2016, the court found the defendant guilty of embezzlement. In contrast, Decision No. 1104/K.Pid.Sus/2017 resulted in the defendant being acquitted of all charges. This paper argues that the buyer's action of transferring shares without the seller's consent in a repo transaction should be classified as a breach of contract (wanprestasi) rather than a criminal act. Additionally, it suggests that the application of OJK Regulation Number 9/POJK.04/2015 can effectively address the core issues in both cases.

 

 

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"Hibah merupakan suatu pemberian yang dilakukan secara sukarela atau cuma-cuma yang dapat dilakukan baik secara lisan maupun secara tulisan. Hibah yang dilakukan tanpa memenuhi ketentuan dan syarat yang berlaku dapat mempengaruhi keabsahan hibah dan menimbulkan permasalahan atas status kepemilikan tanah. Seperti pada kasus Nomor 3734 K/Pdt/2021, terdapat salah satu ahli waris yang menghibahkan sebidang tanah hak bagian waris, yang diperoleh berdasarkan pembagian waris kepada ahli waris lainnya tetapi hibah tersebut dilakukan secara lisan dan sertipikat atas tanah masih atas nama pewaris. Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai keabsahan hibah secara lisan ditinjau dari hukum Islam dan hukum perdata (KUHPerdata) atas putusan hakim pada putusan tersebut dan mengkaji prosedur peralihan hak atas tanah dengan hibah secara lisan dalam proses pembagian waris pada kasus putusan tersebut. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan bahan hukum lainnya. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa keabsahan suatu hibah secara lisan dapat berbeda tergantung pada pandangan hukum apa hibah dilakukan. Hibah dengan objek berupa tanah yang merupakan bagian hak warisan ahli waris secara hukum Islam adalah sah, tetapi bisa menjadi tidak sah jika dipandang secara hukum perdata karena belum ada penyerahan secara yuridis atas bagian hak warisan tersebut. Selama kepemilikan atas tanah yang tercatat pada sertipikat hak atas tanah masih tercatat milik pewaris, tanah tersebut belum beralih hak kepemilikannya kepada orang lain. Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional (ATR/BPN) tidak dapat mencatatkan peralihan hak atas tanah yang dilakukan melalui hibah secara lisan karena membutuhkan suatu akta tertulis yang dapat menjelaskan dengan jelas peralihan haknya. Meskipun suatu perbuatan hukum peralihan hak atas tanah sah secara hukum dinyatakan oleh majelis hakim pada pengadilan yang sudah berkekuatan hukum tetap, pencatatan peralihan hak atas tanah tetaplah harus berdasarkan akta tulisan yang dibuat oleh pejabat yang berwenang untuk itu. Dengan demikian, peralihan hak yang harus dilakukan terlebih dahulu adalah peralihan hak karena pewarisan.

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Grant is a gift made voluntarily or free of charge which can be done either verbally or in writing. Grants made without fulfilling the applicable terms and conditions can affect the validity of the grant and cause problems regarding land ownership status. As in case based on Supreme Court Decision Number 3734 K/Pdt/2021, there was one of the heirs donated a plot of land with inheritance rights obtained based on the distribution of inheritance to other heirs, but the gift was made verbally, and the land certificate was still in the name of another person who deceased. This research examines the validity of verbal grants in terms of Islamic law and civil law (Civil Code) based on the judge's decision on the decision and examines the procedure for transferring land rights with a verbal grant in the process of dividing inheritance in the case of the decision. Data was analyzed qualitatively based on interview results and other legal materials. The research results show that the validity of an oral grant can differ depending on the legal perspective under which the gift is made. Grants with objects in the form of land which are part of the heir’s inheritance rights are valid under Islamic law but can be invalid if viewed under civil law because there has been no juridical transfer of that part of the inheritance rights. If the ownership of the land recorded on the land certificate is still recorded as belonging to another person who deceased, the ownership rights of the land have not been transferred to someone else. The Agrarian and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) cannot register transfers of land rights made through verbal grants because they require a written deed that can clearly clarify the transfer of rights. Even though a legal act of transferring land rights is legally declared by a panel of judges in a court that has permanent legal force, the recording of the transfer of land rights must still be based on a written deed made by an authorized official for that purpose. Thus, the transfer of rights that must be carried out first is the transfer of rights due to inheritance."