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"ABSTRAKA program titled "Operation Valkyrie" and implemented by the Illinois State Police for the purpose of interdicting drugs is presented as a study that illustrates reciprocity between a police organization and its institutional milieu. Information regarding this program was obtained from interviews with state police officials, from defense counsel who represented plaintiffs in interdiction cases, and from court records of Valkyrie interdictions. It is suggested that two aspects of its institutional environment, the environment of legal precedent in which the program is embedded and the network of state and federal agencies using similar interdiction strategies, influence the organization and activity of Operation Valkyrie. The article argues that current program activity reveals the way in which Operation Valkyrie is, in turn, affecting these two aspects of its institutional environment. "

"The criminal justice system encompasses the most severe instrument at the state's disposal in times of peace. For this and many other reasons, overuse of that system is a serious matter. It may present itself in different forms. Overuse of criminalization may mean that too much conduct is criminalized without necessity. Overuse of prosecution may present itself if too many violations of criminal offences are prosecuted, while in certain individual cases or specific categories of cases it would be more effective, fairer, more efficient or otherwise desirable to refrain from prosecution and/or to apply alternative means, such as negotiating justice or administrative fines. Finally, the criminal justice system can be overused through the application and execution of too many or too severe prison sentences. All these forms of overuse are discussed in this volume. It contains one introductory chapter, seven thematic chapters and sixteen chapters on individual countries around the world. Themes discussed in these chapters are, among others, the principle that criminal law is and must be regarded as a so-called ultima ratio or ultimum remedium, the relevant human rights framework, worldwide statistics, and legal and practical restraints as well as possibilities to solve overuse. Containing an extensive collection of expert knowledge, this volume intends to expose legal possibilities, good practices and the many challenges that lie ahead when attempting to prevent overuse in the criminal justice system."

"Very practical approach to teaching research methods and very student friendly. This text "breathes life" into the research process. - Sherill Morris-Francis, Mississippi Valley State University. The Practice of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice, seventh edition demonstrates the vital role research plays in criminology and criminal justice by integrating in-depth, real-world case studies with a comprehensive discussion of research methods. By pairing research techniques with practical examples from the field, Ronet D. Bachman and Russell K. Schutt equip students to critically evaluate and confidently conduct research. The seventh edition of this best-selling text retains the strengths of previous editions while breaking ground with emergent research methods, enhanced tools for learning in the text and online, and contemporary, fascinating research findings. This edition incorporates new topics like intelligence-led policing, social network analysis (SNA), the evolution of cybercrime, and more. Students engage with the wide realm of research methods available to them, delve deeper into topics relevant to their field of study, and benefit from the wide variety of new exercises to help them practice as they learn. The book is supported by SAGE Edge online resources for instructors and students, including test bank, videos, sample course syllabi, eflashcards, quizzes, access to SAGE journal articles and much more"

"Dinamika perkembangan hukum pidana di Indonesia mulai mengarah kepada restorative justice. Hal ini didukung dengan kehadiran Undang-Undang Pemasyarakatan tahun 2022 dan Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Baru tahun 2023 yang memiliki semangat restorative justice dalam pelaksanaannya. Implikasi kedua undang-undang tersebut terhadap Pemasyarakatan juga turut memperluas tugas dan fungsi di setiap proses peradilan pidana khususnya untuk pelaku dewasa. Meskipun demikian, untuk sistem peradilan pidana umum, Pemasyarakatan belum memiliki model mengenai pelaksanaan restorative justice. Oleh karena itu, sebagai tindak lanjut dari kedua Undang-Undang tersebut maka diperlukan suatu model implementasi restorative justice yang dapat dilakukan oleh Pemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari model restorative justice Pemasyarakatan dalam dua konteks berbeda yaitu dalam hubungan dengan sub sistem peradilan pidana lain dan dalam fungsi Pemasyaratan seperti pembinaan dan pembimbingan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi dokumen peraturan-peraturan terkait pelaksanaan restorative justice di Indonesia serta wawancara studi lapangan. Kemudian peneliti menggunakan teknik delphi untuk memvalidasi rencana model yang telah diusulkan berdasarkan kerangka teoritik Evidence-Based Practice. Hasil penelitian memperoleh konsensus terhadap lima model implementasi restorative justice yang dapat dilakukan Pemasyarakatan dalam dua konteks tersebut. Model dalam hubungan dengan sub sistem peradilan pidana lain ditujukan untuk memberikan rekomendasi kepada penegak hukum melalui penelitian kemasyarakatan (litmas) yang dilakukan oleh Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan. Sedangkan model dalam fungsi pembinaan dan pembimbingan dilakukan untuk memperbaiki hubungan antara pelaku, masyarakat dan korban melalui program pembinaan dan pembimbingan. Untuk mendukung pelaksanaan model yang telah disusun, diperlukan dasar hukum yang mengikat seluruh aparat penegak hukum, reformulasi terhadap litmas dan penguatan struktur lembaga-lembaga terkait.

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The dynamics of the development of criminal law in Indonesia are starting to lead to restorative justice. This is supported by the presence of the Corrections Law of 2022 and the New Criminal Law Law of 2023 which have a spirit of restorative justice in their implementation. The implications of these two laws for Pemasyarakatan also expand the duties and functions in every criminal justice process, especially for adult offenders. However, for the criminal justice system, Pemasyarakatan do not yet have a model for implementing restorative justice. Therefore, as a follow-up to these two laws, a restorative justice implementation model is needed that can be carried out by Pemasyarakatan. This research was conducted to look for a restorative correctional justice model in two different contexts, namely in relation to other criminal justice sub-systems and in Pemasyarakatan functions such as rehabilitation and guidance. The research method used was a study of regulatory documents related to the implementation of restorative justice in Indonesia and field interviews. Then Delphi technique was used to validate the proposed model based on the Evidence-Based Practice theoretical framework. The research results obtained a consensus on five models of implementing restorative justice that can be carried out by Pemasyarakatan in these two contexts. The model in relation to other criminal justice sub-systems is aimed at providing recommendations to law enforcers through social inquiry reports (litmas) carried out by Probation Officers. Meanwhile, the model in the coaching and mentoring function is carried out to improve the relationship between the perpetrator, the community and the victim through a rehabilitation and guidance program. To support the model that has been prepared, a legal basis is needed that binds all law enforcement officials, reformulation of social inquiry reports and strengthening the structure of related institutions."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar persidangan yang berlaku baik di Indonesia, Belanda, maupun Singapura. Penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar persidangan atau dikenal dengan istilah Afdoening Buiten Proces merupakan salah satu cara untuk menyelesaikan perkara di luar persidangan dengan cara membayar denda maksimum secara sukarela sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 82 KUHP Lama. Ketentuan ini juga terdapat dalam KUHP Baru, tepatnya dalam Pasal 132 ayat (1) huruf d-e. Sementara itu, di Belanda ketentuan ini diatur dalam Pasal 74 Wetboek van Strafrecht, sedangkan di Singapura dikenal mekanisme Deferred Prosecution Agreement yang memiliki konsep berbeda dengan yang diatur oleh Indonesia dan Belanda. Terdapat dua pembahasan utama dalam skripsi ini. Pertama, skripsi ini akan membahas mengenai bagaimana ketentuan penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar persidangan dalam ketentuan hukum yang berlaku di Indonesia, Belanda, dan Singapura. Kedua, skripsi ini akan membahas mengenai bagaimana Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Lama dalam mengakomodir kebutuhan penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar persidangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian normatif-yuridis yang menganalisis lebih lanjut tentang ketentuan hukum yang berlaku di suatu negara. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa ketentuan penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar persidangan yang berlaku di Indonesia, Belanda, dan Singapura masing-masing memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan. Selanjutnya, diketahui bahwa ketentuan penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar persidangan yang diatur dalam Pasal 82 KUHP Lama selama ini tidak mengakomodir kebutuhan yang diperlukan oleh sistem peradilan pidana. Terakhir, ketentuan penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar persidangan pada dasarnya memiliki tujuan yang baik dan dapat membantu meringankan beban sistem peradilan pidana, tetapi masih terdapat beberapa hambatan.

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This thesis discusses the settlement of criminal cases outside the court which is valid in Indonesia, Netherlands, and Singapore. Settlement of criminal cases outside the court or known as Afdoening Buiten Process is one way to settle cases outside the court by paying the maximum fine voluntarily as stipulated in Article 82 of the Old Criminal Code. This provision is also contained in the New Criminal Code, specifically in Article 132 paragraph (1) letter d-e. Meanwhile, in the Netherlands this provision is regulated in Article 74 Wetboek van Strafrecht, while in Singapore the Deferred Prosecution Agreement mechanism is known, which has a different concept from that regulated by Indonesia and Netherlands. There are two main discussions in this thesis. First, this thesis will discuss how the provisions for settling criminal cases outside the court in the legal provisions in force in Indonesia, the Netherlands and Singapore. Second, this thesis will discuss how the Old Criminal Code accommodates the need for settlement of criminal cases outside of court. This research was conducted using a normative-juridical research method that further analyzes the legal provisions in force in a country. The results of this study state that the provisions for settling criminal cases outside the court in force in Indonesia, Netherlands and Singapore have similarities and differences, respectively. Furthermore, it is known that the provisions for settling criminal cases outside the court as regulated in Article 82 of the Old Criminal Code have so far not accommodated the needs required by the criminal justice system. Finally, provisions for the settlement of criminal cases outside the court basically have a good purpose and can help ease the burden on the criminal justice system, but there are still some obstacles."

"Melalui penyusunan penelitian kemasyakatan (Litmas) sebagai salah core businessnya, Bapas membawa Pemasyarakatan hadir dan bertugas mulai dari tahapan pra ajudikasi hingga purna ajudikasi. Hadirnya RUU KUHP yang di dalamnya memuat pedoman pemidanaan dan pidana alternatif membuka kemungkinan semakin bertambahnya ruang lingkup Litmas terutama sebagai pre-sentenced report bagi tersangka dewasa. Guna mempersiapkan hal tersebut perlu dilakukan penelitian terkait pengaturan Litmas dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, pandangan aparat penegak hukum terhadap Litmas serta konsep terbaik yang dapat direkomendasikan agar pelaksanaan Litmas dapat berkontribusi dalam pencapaian tujuan pemidanaan. Penulisan tesis ini akan menggunakan metode penelitian dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Penelitian ini memiliki tiga kesimpulan. Pertama, sejak pertama kali dipraktikan Litmas telah diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan meskipu mayoritas bersifat internal Pemasyarakatan. Eksistensi Litmas tidak terlepas dari falsafah pemidanaan Indonesia yang dipengaruhi prinsip utilitarian. Kedua, pembuatan dan pelaksanaan Litmas memperoleh respon yang positif dari aparat penegak hukum lain. Untuk mengantisipasi bertambahnya ruang lingkup Litmas ketika RUU KUHP diberlakukan maka perlu adanya dasar hukum yang mengikat aparat penegak hukum di lain dan penguatan sumber daya manusia pembimbing kemasyarakatan. Ketiga, pembaruan hukum pidana Indonesia melalui penyusunan RUU KUHP membuat sejumlah kebaruan. Untuk itu perlu dipersiapkan konsep pelaksanaan Litmas yang mengakomodir perubahan-perubahan yang akan terjadi ketika RUU KUHP diberlakukan seperti pembuatan Litmas yang dimulai sejak pelaku kejahatan masih berstatus tersangka dan juga optimalisasi perlibatan masyarakat serta institusi privat dalam pelaksanaan tugas Pemasyarakatan seperti halnyayang diterapkan dalam praktek probation service di Belanda.

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Correctional Institution works in a system through several agencies in it, one of which is the Correctional Center. Through the probation officer’s report as one of its core businesses, the Correctional Center will carry out its duties from the pre-adjudication to post-adjudication stages. The presence of the Draft Criminal Code which contains guidelines for punishment and criminal alternatives may increase the scope of probation officer’s report, especially as a pre-sentence report for adult suspects. In order to prepare for this, it is necessary to conduct research related to probation officer’s report arrangement in laws and regulations, find out the views of law enforcement officers towards probation officer’s report and the best concept that can be recommended to support the implementation of probation officer’s report. This thesis will use research methods with an empirical juridical approach. This study has three conclusions. First, since it was first put into practice, probation officer’s report have been regulated in various laws and regulations. The existence of probation officer’s report in the criminal justice system in Indonesia is inseparable from the Indonesian philosophy of punishment which is influenced by utilitarian principles. Second, the implementation of probation officer’s report received a positive response from other law enforcement officials. However, to anticipate the increasing scope of probation officer’s report when the Draft Criminal Code is enacted, it is necessary to have a clear legal basis and strengthen human resources for probation officer.Third, the reform of Indonesian criminal law through the drafting of the Criminal Code Bill has created a number of novelties, including formulating of the puspose of the punishment and also the presence concept of criminal individualization. For this reason, it is necessary to prepare a concept for the implementation of probation officer’s report which accommodates the changes that will occur when the Draft Criminal Code is enacted, such as the creation of probation officer’s report which begins when the perpetrators are still suspects and also the involvement of private institutions in carrying out correctional tasks as is applied in the practice of probation service in the Netherlands."