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"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini menganalisis penyebab strategi politik elektoral gerakan buruh Korea Selatan pasca tahun 2004 cenderung tidak efektif. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan menurunnya jumlah perolehan kursi oleh partai buruh di parlemen nasional, terjadi faksi-faksi dalam internal partai, renggangnya hubungan antara organisasi gerakan buruh dengan partai, partai tidak mampu memperluas basis dukungan dan juga belum mampu mengakomodir isu-isu kebijakan nasional lainnya. Dalam menjawab pertanyaan penelitian tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dan mengacu pada sumber data-data sekunder. Analisis skripsi ini merujuk pada studi yang dilakukan oleh Collins. Menurutnya, terdapat dua aspek yang menentukan sebuah gerakan agar dapat membentuk partai politik yang berhasil dalam politik elektoral. Kedua aspek tersebut yaitu kesempatan politik dan mobilisasi sumber daya yang dilakukan oleh gerakan. Pada kasus strategi politik elektoral gerakan buruh Korea Selatan, penulis berargumen bahwa terdapat hambatan pada kedua aspek tersebut. Kesempatan politik yang terjadi pada era demokrasi di Korea Selatan belum menguntungkan bagi gerakan buruh. Mereka pun juga mengalami permasalahan dalam mobilisasi sumber daya. Akibatnya strategi politik elektoral mereka yang sempat tergolong berhasil pada tahun 2004, kemudian cenderung menjadi tidak efektif.

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ABSTRAKThis thesis aims to analyze the reason why the electoral political strategies of the South Korean s labor movement tend to be ineffective after 2004. It can be seen by the decrease in the number of positions obtained by the labor party in the national parliament, the internal party factions, the gap between the organization of the labor movement and the party, and the party is unable to expand its support base and to accommodate other national policy issues. This thesis uses a qualitative methods and the secondary data to answer the research question. The analysis is referred to a research conducted by Collins. She stated that there are two aspects that determine a movement in order to form a successful political party in electoral politics. The two aspects are the political opportunity and resource mobilization undertaken by the movement. In the case of electoral political strategies of the labor movement in South Korea, I argue that there are obstacles in those two aspects. The political opportunity during the democratic era in South Korea has not been favorable for the labor movement. They also encountered problems in the resource mobilization. This made their electoral political strategies that were considered successful in 2004 tended to be ineffective afterwards."

"Pemilihan umum merupakan dasar utama demokrasi, yang merupakan kesempatan terbaik masyarakat menyalurkan aspirasi politik dengan memilih wakil rakyat, tetapi penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum masih ditemukan tindakan pelanggaran. Dalam beberapa kasus terdapat sejumlah tindakan atau fenomena dalam pemilihan umum yang diduga sebagai hal berbahaya yang mengancam ketahanan nasional dalam bidang politik, menurut istilah hukum disebut sebagai Electoral malpractice, bahwa pada pemilihan umum terdapat aktivitas calon anggota legislatif yang secara sengaja atau tidak disengaja, langsung atau pun tidak langsung yang mengakibatkan pemilu berlangsung secara tidak ideal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1).Mengidentifikasi bentuk Electoral malpractice oleh Calon Legislatif DPR-RI pada pemilihan umum 2019. (2).Mengetahui dampak Electoral malpractice dalam penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum 2019 terhadap ketahanan nasional di bidang politik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi kasus. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi.

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General elections are the main basis of democracy, which is the best opportunity for the community to channel their political aspirations by electing representatives of the people, but the holding of general elections is still found to be in violation of. In some cases there are a number of actions or phenomena in general elections that are suspected to be dangerous things that threaten national security in the political field, according to legal terms referred to as Electoral malpractice, that in the general election there are activities of legislative candidates intentionally or unintentionally, directly or indirectly. Indirectly, which resulted in the election not taking place ideally. The objectives of this study are (1). To identify the forms of Electoral malpractice by the Legislative Candidates of the DPR-RI in the 2019 general election. (2). To find out the impact of Electoral malpractice in holding the 2019 general election on national security in the political field. This research is a descriptive qualitative research with a case study. The method of data collection in this study was done through interviews and documentation."

"ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the politics of patronage and piety in local elections by examining the role of and dilemma faced by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the largest Muslim organisation in Indonesia, in a local electoral competition. Focusing on the 2017 local election in Brebes, Central Java, this article conjirms previous scholarly works findings of widespread patronage distribution and the impact of rising religious conservatism on electoral competition. However, this papershows that piety and patronage politics neither necessarily maintain oligarchic rule nor provoke intolerance and violence. The case of the electoral competition in Brebes reveals that IslamiC organizations in Indonesia are not immunejrom electoral politic, and due to institutional weaknesses of most political parties in Indonesia, will likely remain important political players by mobilizing support in elections at both the local and national lewd. In a broader context, Islamic mobilization in local elections in Indonesia helps understand the emergence of pious democracy in democratic Muslim-majoniy countries."