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"[Telah dilakukan penelitian deteksi gen alkana monooksigenase (alkB) pada bakteri laut di Perairan Pulau Pari Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri yang membawa gen alkB dari perairan Pulau Pari Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan selama 5 bulan sejak bulan Februari 2015 sampai bulan Mei 2015 dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) pada 81 isolat yang telah diremajakan. Isolat bakteri diremajakan menggunakan medium marine agar (MA) dengan metode kuadran streak. Hasil deteksi mendapatkan satu isolat yang membawa gen alkB yaitu isolat nomor 71. Hasil amplifikasi isolat 71 menghasilkan pita DNA dengan ukuran 550 pb. Pita DNA dengan panjang 550 pb merupakan gen alkB. Hasil dari sekuensing menunjukkan bahwa Isolat 71 adalah dari spesies Bordetella sp.;Detection gene alkane monooxygenases (alkB) from marine bacteria in Pari Island Kepulauan Seribu, Jakartahas been researched. The research aims to obtain bacterial isolates that carry the gene alkBin Pari Island Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. The study was conducted during the five months from February 2015 to May 2015 with a method of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from 81 isolates that have been rejuvenated. Bacterial isolates rejuvenated using marine medium agar (MA) with the quadrant streak method. Obtain detection results of the isolates that carry the gene which isolates number 71. alkB amplification results of 71 isolates produce ribbon DNA with size 550 bp. DNA tape with a length of 550 bp is alkB gene.The results of sequencing showed that the isolate 71 is Bordetella sp.;Detection gene alkane monooxygenases (alkB) from marine bacteria in Pari Island Kepulauan Seribu, Jakartahas been researched. The research aims to obtain bacterial isolates that carry the gene alkBin Pari Island Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. The study was conducted during the five months from February 2015 to May 2015 with a method of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from 81 isolates that have been rejuvenated. Bacterial isolates rejuvenated using marine medium agar (MA) with the quadrant streak method. Obtain detection results of the isolates that carry the gene which isolates number 71. alkB amplification results of 71 isolates produce ribbon DNA with size 550 bp. DNA tape with a length of 550 bp is alkB gene.The results of sequencing showed that the isolate 71 is Bordetella sp., Detection gene alkane monooxygenases (alkB) from marine bacteria in Pari Island Kepulauan Seribu, Jakartahas been researched. The research aims to obtain bacterial isolates that carry the gene alkBin Pari Island Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. The study was conducted during the five months from February 2015 to May 2015 with a method of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from 81 isolates that have been rejuvenated. Bacterial isolates rejuvenated using marine medium agar (MA) with the quadrant streak method. Obtain detection results of the isolates that carry the gene which isolates number 71. alkB amplification results of 71 isolates produce ribbon DNA with size 550 bp. DNA tape with a length of 550 bp is alkB gene.The results of sequencing showed that the isolate 71 is Bordetella sp.]"

"L-glutaminase (L-glutamine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.2) telah menarik perhatian para peneliti karena manfaatnya dalam industri farmasi dan makanan. Bakteri laut merupakan sumber penghasil L-glutaminase yang paling diminati, terutama untuk memperoleh L-glutaminase yang tahan garam. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan penapisan dan karakterisasi L-glutaminase ekstraselular yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri laut dari perairan Sangihe-Talaud, Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. Penapisan L-glutaminase secara kualitatif menggunakan media cair (Padma, et.al., 2009) dan metode pengukuran aktivitas L-glutaminase dilakukan secara spektrofotometri berdasarkan metode Imada, et.al (1973). Identifikasi isolat murni dengan aktivitas L-glutaminase paling tinggi dilakukan menggunakan sekuensing gen 16S rRNA. Terdapat 7 isolat menunjukkan hasil positif L-glutaminase, satu diantaranya dengan aktivitas 147,99 U/L atau setara dengan aktivitas spesifik 62,32 Unit/mg dipilih untuk diidentifikasi lebih lanjut. Hasil sekuensing gen 16S rRNA isolat bakteri menunjukkan kemiripan 96% dengan Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CG-T8. Parameter fisika yang mempengaruhi produksi L-glutaminase menunjukkan produksi optimum pada suhu 30 0C, kecepatan rotasi 100 rpm, pH media 6, dan konsentrasi starter inokulum 5%. Karakterisasi aktivitas L-glutaminase ekstraselular dari Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CG-T8 (isolat II.1) menunjukkan kondisi optimum aktivitas enzim pada suhu 37-45 0C, dan pH 7. Aktivitas enzim stabil pada penambahan larutan NaCl hingga 8% dan aktivitasnya mulai berkurang pada penambahan larutan NaCl 16% dan 20% dengan aktivitas relatif berturut-turut mencapai 79,00% dan 74,22%. Pengaruh penambahan ion-ion logam seperti Mn2+, Mg2+, dan Co2+ menunjukkan kenaikan aktivitas, sedangkan pada penambahan ion logam Zn2+, Fe3+, dan Ca2+ aktivitas enzim menurun. Bobot molekul L-glutaminase berkisar 42 kDa dan 145 kDa.

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L-glutaminase (L-glutamine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.2) has attracted much attention with respect to proposed applications in both pharmaceuticals and food industries. Salt-tolerant L-glutaminase produced by marine bacteria become the most desirable in food industry. The current work details the screening of L-glutaminase producing marine bacteria from Sangihe-Talaud Sea, in North of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Screening of L-glutaminase was done using a broth medium (Padma et.al., 2009) and measurement of L-glutaminase activity carried out by spectrophotometry (Imada, et.al., 1973). Identification of selected isolate was performed by analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence. There are seven isolates showed positive results of L-glutaminase, one of them with the activity 147.99 U/L, equivalent to the specific activity of 62.32 units / mg was selected for further study.

Bacterial identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing has revealed the isolate 96% similarity as Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CG-T8. Optimization of physical parameters that affect the production of L-glutaminase production showed an optimum at 30 0C, 100 rpm, pH of medium 6, and with 5% of starter inoculum. Characterization of extracellular L-glutaminase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CG-T8 (II.1 isolates) showed the enzyme activity was optimum at temperature 37-45 0C, and pH 7. The enzyme activity was stable in the addition of NaCl solution up to 8% and began to decrease on addition of NaCl solution 16% and 20% with relative activity consecutively 79.00% and 74.22%. The effect of metal ions such as Mn2+, Mg2+, and Co2+ showed increased enzyme activity, whereas the addition of others metal ions (Zn2+, Fe3+, and Ca2+) decreased the activity. The molecular weights of L-glutaminase was found around 42 kDa and 145 kDa."

"The diversity, ecological role and biotechnological applications of marine fungi have been addressed in numerous scientific publications in the last few years. This book addresses this need. The latest information on topics including molecular taxonomy and phylogeny, ecology of fungi in different marine habitats such as deep sea, corals, dead- sea, fungi in extreme marine environments and their biotechnological applications is reviewed. "

"Nudibranchia Famili Phyllidiidae merupakan pemangsa spons Ordo Halichondrida. Nudibranchia Famili Phyllidiidae memangsa spons Halichondrida untuk mengambil dan mengakumulasi senyawa metabolit sekunder dari mangsanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi spons mangsa Phyllidiella nigra dan melakukan analisa hubungan pemangsaan Phyllidiella nigra terhadap spons mangsanya. Pengamatan dilakukan di lapangan dengan pengamatan secara langsung dan analisa hubungan pemangsaan dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode teknik kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan senyawa dari ekstrak Phyllidiella nigra dan spons mangsa yang muncul pada pelat KLT. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa nudibranchia Phyllidiella nigra merupakan pemangsa spons Ordo Halichondrida. Hal tersebut terbukti dengan terlihatnya penjuluran bulbus faring dari mulut Phyllidiella nigra dan tanda bekas pemangsaan pada spons mangsa. Hasil analisa di laboratorium juga memperkuat bukti pemangsaan terlihat dari hasil KLT yang menunjukkan adanya kesamaan senyawa antara Phyllidiella nigra dan spons mangsa.

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Nudibranchia Famili Phyllidiidae merupakan pemangsa spons Ordo Halichondrida. Nudibranchia Famili Phyllidiidae memangsa spons Halichondrida untuk mengambil dan mengakumulasi senyawa metabolit sekunder dari mangsanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi spons mangsa Phyllidiella nigra dan melakukan analisa hubungan pemangsaan Phyllidiella nigra terhadap spons mangsanya. Pengamatan dilakukan di lapangan dengan pengamatan secara langsung dan analisa hubungan pemangsaan dilakukan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode teknik kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan senyawa dari ekstrak Phyllidiella nigra dan spons mangsa yang muncul pada pelat KLT.

Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa nudibranchia Phyllidiella nigra merupakan pemangsa spons Ordo Halichondrida. Hal tersebut terbukti dengan terlihatnya penjuluran bulbus faring dari mulut Phyllidiella nigra dan tanda bekas pemangsaan pada spons mangsa. Hasil analisa di laboratorium juga memperkuat bukti pemangsaan terlihat dari hasil KLT yang menunjukkan adanya kesamaan senyawa antara Phyllidiella nigra dan spons mangsa."

"ABSTRAKStreet food is recognized as very important in the urban food supply. However due to the unsanitary conditions associated with most street food vending sites, the consumption of street foods is viewed as a potential health hazard. A cross sectional study was carried out from January to April, 1996 in order to assess the variability in the microbiological quality of different types of street foods in four urbanization areas (Atmajaya, Jl. Kendal, Thamrin and Pasar Jatinegara) of Jakarta. The possible influence of location and other related factors on the microbiological quality of street foods were also investigated. A total of 101 food samples, comprising of 11 food items (meals, meat, vegetable, staple and side dish) a beverage and ice were taken from the four locations and analyzed for Aerobic Plate Count (APC), Total Coliforms and E.coli using the pour plate and the most probable number techniques respectively. By using Aerobic Plate Counts as an Indicator, it was found that 6% of the overall food items had counts 105. In contrast E.coli was found in a larger number of the food items (25%). The highest bacterial counts were found in Nasi Rames (Rice, Fried Beef, Vegetables and Chili sauce (self made), 50% of the samples contained APC > 105 and 62.5% had E.coli present in them. Ayam and lkan goreng (Fried Chicken and Fried Fish) were comparatively safer food items. None of the samples contained E.coli and APC ranged from 103 to 104. Comparison between food types (high protein, low protein and meal} in the degree of bacterial contamination, showed significant differences between the meal and the high protein groups in the levels of Total Coliforms and E.coli Contamination (p<0.05). The meal group had higher bacterial counts. Further, foods that were composed of a larger number of ingredients had significantly higher counts of Coliforms than those with a single major ingredient. Statistical significant differences were found between the four urbanization areas in terms of APC counts (p<0.01) and Total Coliforms (p<0.05). These differences were attributable to the availability of basic facilities and sanitary conditions. The results indicate that handling practices, environmental sanitation and potable water supply are important factors influencing the microbiological quality of street foods."

"ABSTRAKRuang Lingkup dan Cara PenelitianPembawa mikroba patogen merupakan suatu keadaan yang sangat berpengaruh dan beresiko tinggi bagi seorang tenaga penjamah makanan / Food handler, dimana pada keadaan itu tenaga kerja tersebut berada dalam fungsi tubuh sehat tetapi mengandung bibit penyakit dan dapat menularkannya atau mengakibatkan orang lain sakit.Penelitian tentang upaya penurunan prevalensi pembawa mikroba patogen pada tenaga kerja di bagian Food and beverage suatu hotel belum banyak dilakukan di luar negeri, terutama di Indonesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor - faktor yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya pembawa mikroba patogen tersebut pada pekerja di bagian F & B hotel X Jakarta. Prevalensi tersebut diketahui berdasarkan pemeriksaan usap dubur.Disain penelitian adalah riset operasional terhadap 123 subyek penelitian. Pengumpulan data dasar dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner / wawancara, pemeriksaan usap dubur pertama, pengambilan contoh makanan, contoh usap alat, contoh air bersih dan contoh air kolam renang. Intervensi yang dilakukan berupa penyuluhan, terapi antibiotika untuk 42 orang pekerja yang + (positif) mikroba pada pemeriksaan usap dubur pertama.Evaluasi dengan melihat perubahan sikap dan perilaku pekerja serta penurunan prevalensi pembawa mikroba patogen pada pemeriksaan usap dubur kedua.Hasil dan KesimpulanDari 123 subyek penelitian pada pemeriksaan usap dubur pertama didapatkan 42 orang (34.14%) positif mengandung mikroba atau menjadi pembawa mikroba patogen. Setelah dilakukan intervensi dengan pemberian terapi antibiotika yang sesuai, didapatkan penurunan prevalensi pembawa mikroba patogen menjadi 23 orang (18,69%).Faktor yang dapat menyebabkan seseorang tenaga kerja menjadi pembawa mikroba patogen adalah riwayat penyakit yang pernah diderita selama satu tahun terakhir sebelum pemeriksaan, sedangkan faktor lain tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna.Dari pemeriksaan sampel lingkungan tidak menunjukkan adanya kontaminasi dengan mikroba patogen.

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ABSTRACT

Operational Research Decreasing the Prevalence of Microbe Pathogen Carrier among Employees of Food and Beverage Department Hotel X, Jakarta 1997Scope and Methodology

Microbe pathogen carriers are potential hazards in food handlers, since they were functionally healthy, but sometime were reservoir agents for healthy people.

The design of study is an operational research with the objective to improve the health of workers in the sub department F & B in hotel X. The specific objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence of microbe carriers, to decrease the prevalence and to identify relationship between prevalence of several risk factors.

Until now there were no study reported had been carried out on this issue among employees of food and beverage department of hotels in Indonesia.

Results and Conclusions

Out of 123 subjects, 42 persons (34,14%) were tested positively in the first rectal swab examination as microbe pathogen carriers. Post intervention by giving appropriate antibiotic therapy, there was a decrease in the prevalence to 23 persons (18,69%).

The major factor that might significantly influenced the condition of microbe pathogen carriers was nourishment besides personal hygiene, sex, age, marital status, education, and working period.

Samples were takes also for environmental factors, such as tableware swabs, food samples, water samples, pool water samples showed no contamination with microbe pathogen."