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"ABSTRAK The fractionation of five heavy metals in a washing aggregate sludge, a sewage sludge, a clay-rich sediment, the mixtures of these materials and the lightweight aggregates manufactured with them has been determined by applying the optimezed European Community Bureau of Reference sequential extraction procedure in order to evaluate the effects of the heating process on the extraction of these elements. Additionally, preparation of efaluates by aggregate leaching has been performed in accordance with the UNE-EN-1744-3 standard. The availability of all the studied heavy metals has been reduced by the thermal treatment, since most of the heavy metals have become part of the undigested material in the lightweight aggregates. Nickel has been the heavy metal that has presented the highest concentration in the eluates obtained after completion of the single extraction procedure in the lightweight aggregates. The studied lightweight aggregates may be used in lightweight concerte manufacturing from the standpoint of heavy metal leaching. "

"Thammasat International Journal of Science and Technology (TIJSAT) contains original research articles, review articles, and short communications. The objectives are to publicize and promote the research contributions and innovative works in the fields associated with science and technology. Areas covered include:1. Biological sciences such as biology, zoology, botany, genetics, agriculture, ecology.2. Engineering such as electrical engineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, environmental engineering, computer engineering; and information technology.3. Health sciences such as medicine, dentistry, veterinary, pharmacy, physical therapy, nursing, public health.4. Physical sciences such as chemistry, physics, mathematics, statistics.The journal is published 4 issues per year No.1 January-March, No.2 April-June, No.3 July-September and No.4 October-December.Thammasat International Journal of Science and Technology is currently indexed in both national and international electronic/online databases, namely, Thai-Journal Citation Index (TCI) Tier 1, Thai Journals Online (ThaiJO), ASEAN Citation Index (ACI), Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek (EZB)."

"Masalah yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah Peran PT Pindad dalam pemenuhan Senjata TNI AD untuk mendukung Pertahanan dan Keamanan, tujuan dari penulisan tesis ini adalah untuk mengetahui produk senjata yang mampu dihasilkan dan tingkat produktivitas dalam menghasilkan produk tersebut untuk menunjang pemenuhan TNI AD serta bagaimana peran PT Pindad dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pertahanan dan Keamanan melalui produksi senjata untuk TNI AD. Keikutsertaan Indonesia khususnya TNI AD dalam kompetisi ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet (AARM) yang diselenggarakan sejak tahun 1991 hingga 2019 telah mencatatkan Indonesia sebagai Juara 13 kali. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa Indonesia berusaha mempertahankan posisi juaranya sebesar 46,43% dari total kejuaraan yang diikuti, dalam hal ini jelas produk dalam negeri PT Pindad mampu bersaing secara internasional. Arah kebijakan PT PINDAD dalam pemenuhan senjata khususnya untuk TNI AD dilaksanakan atas dasar konsep pertahanan berbasis kemampuan dengan mempertimbangkan kemungkinan ancaman yang akan dihadapi serta kecenderungan perkembangan lingkungan strategis, pelaksanaannya diarahkan kepada tercapainya kekuatan Minimum Essensial Force (MEF). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara praktis dengan beberapa sumber Selain itu, data sekunder diperoleh dari hasil penelusuran dari buku, jurnal, dokumen resmi, website resmi dan sumber terpercaya lainnya. Hasil penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui peran PT Pindad dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan senjata TNI AD, apalagi jika didukung dengan kebijakan dan komitmen yang sejalan dengan TNI untuk memenuhi kebutuhan senjata TNI AD.

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The problem examined in this research is the role of PT Pindad in fulfilling the Indonesian Army's (TNI AD) weapon requirements to support defense and security. The objective of this thesis is to determine the weapon products that PT Pindad is capable of producing and the level of productivity in producing these products to support the fulfillment of the Indonesian Army's needs, as well as to understand PT Pindad's role in enhancing defense and security capabilities through weapon production for the Indonesian Army. Indonesia's participation, particularly the Indonesian Army's participation, in the ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet (AARM) competition held from 1991 to 2019 has resulted in Indonesia winning the championship 13 times. This can be interpreted as Indonesia's efforts to maintain its champion position, which accounts for 46.43% of the total championships participated in. In this regard, it is evident that PT Pindad's domestic products are able to compete internationally. PT Pindad's policy direction in fulfilling weapons, especially for the Indonesian Army, is implemented based on the capability-based defense concept, considering the potential threats to be faced and the trends in strategic environments. Its implementation is directed towards achieving the Minimum Essential Force (MEF). This research is conducted using a qualitative approach. Data is obtained through practical interviews with several sources. Additionally, secondary data is obtained from the exploration of books, journals, official documents, official websites, and other reliable sources. The research findings aim to determine PT Pindad's role in meeting the Indonesian Army's weapon needs, particularly when supported by policies and commitments that are aligned with the Indonesian Army's requirements."

"China has clearly emulated Russia's previous example of making loud claims and increasing military patrols in the arctic. China will likely become a major player in Arctic trade routes and become a main destination for goods shipped through th northern Sea Route. It is likely that a significant part of future Russian oil and gas production will ultimately be supplied to China. What are the strategic implications of China's active involvement in Arctic politics? The Arctic "Great Game" is often described as a new cold war between the United States and Russia. Regionally the two main protagonists are Russian and Norway. This article makes a different argument . The Arctic has recently become an issue on the Russo-Chinnese, and possibly Russo-Japanese security agenda. The first goal of this article is to examine the arctic policy and strategy of Rusia, perhaps the most difficult nation to understand in terms of arctic security. The second goal of the article is to explain how the Arctic has become an issue of concern in Russia's relationship with China."

"This journal, published since 1999, features articles on current security issue authored by NIDS researchers. Both Japanese and English editions are available. The publication is not for sale."