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"Pada skripsi ini telah dirancang bangun pengukuran kekuatan klinis pada inplan dengan cara pembacaan getaran resonansi yang timbul akibat ketukan yang di berikan ke inplan. Penanaman inplan memiliki getaran yang berbeda-beda dan frekuensi yang sama, dengan begitu didapat nilai besaran magnitude pada frekuensi inplan yang sama. Proses pengolahan data berawal dari dalam domain waktu, lalu untuk melakukan pemisahan getaran resonansi dengan getaran ganguan dilakukan proses pengolahan data dalam domain frekuensi. Untuk mendapatkan frekuensi daerah resonansi implan dilakukan pengujian kestabilan, Saat pengujian kestabilan didapatkan pada frekuensi 1Hz sampai 10Hz nilai R2 paling yang mendekati 1 dari frekuensi-frekuensi yang lain, maka dapat di simpulkan bahwa pada frekuensi tersebut merupakan frekuensi resonansi implant. Pengukuran menggunakan alat LRFA menunjukan nilai rata-rata magnitude sebesar 0.370 sedangkan saat pengukuran menggunakan Osstell Mentor dengan implan yang sama pada rahang peraga nilai ISQ tertampilkan sebesar 70, dengan ini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa nilai magnitude dengan batas 0.370 - _ 0.4 sudah menunjukan bahwa implan telah tertanam kuat.

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This thesis has been designed to build strength measurement in clinical inplant readings by resonance vibration caused by a knock that is given to inplant. Planting inplant have different vibrations and the same frequency, so the obtained value of the magnitude scale at the same frequency inplant. The process begins with data processing in time domain, and then to perform the separation of vibrational resonance with the vibration data processing disorder conducted in the frequency domain.

To obtain the resonance frequency of implant stability testing, stability testing When obtained at a frequency of 1Hz to 10Hz at the R2 value close to 1 than the other frequencies, it can be concluded that at that frequency is the resonance frequency of implant.

Measurements using LRFA shows the average value of 0.370 while the current magnitude measurements using Osstell Mentor with the same implant in the jaw Shown visuals ISQ value of 70, with it can be concluded that the magnitude value with a limit of 0.370 - _ 0.4 already showed that the implants had firmly entrenched."

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Latar belakang: Stabilitas sekunder memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap oseointegrasi yang pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi keberhasilan perawatan implan. Desain thread implan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi stabilitas implan. Namun belum banyak penelitian yang menganalisa pengaruhnya terhadap stabilitas sekunder. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimental yang mengevaluasi stabilitas sekunder 44 buah implan dengan jenis implan BL (Bone Level) dan BLT (Bone Level Tapered) masing-masing berjumlah 22 buah implan. Stabilitas implan diukur sebanyak 3 kali pada setiap implan menggunakan alat RFA (Resonance Frequency Analysis). Rerata nilai ISQ (Implant Stability Quotient) akan didapat pada saat pemasangan implan, 1 bulan, dan 2 bulan setelah pemasangan implan. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai ISQ yang signifikan antara nilai saat pemasangan implan dibandingkan nilai saat kontrol 1 bulan serta kontrol 2 bulan setelah pemasangan baik pada kelompok BL maupun BLT dengan nilai p < 0,05. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan nilai ISQ yang signifikan antara implan berdiameter 4,1 mm dan 4,8 mm pada jenis implan BL maupun BLT naik pada saat pemasangan implan, saat kontrol 1 bulan, dan kontrol 2 bulan setelah pemasangan dengan nilai p = 0,21. Kesimpulan: Jenis desain thread implan bone level tidak mempengaruhi stabilitas sekunder. Faktor lain seperti diameter implan juga tidak mempengaruhi nilai stabilitas sekunder baik pada jenis implan BL maupun BLT.

 

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Background: Secondary stability greatly influences osseointegration, which ultimately affects the success of implant treatment. Though implant thread design is one important factor influencing implant stability, not many studies have analyzed its impact on secondary stability. Methods: This quasi experimental study involving 44 implants evaluated the biological stability of threaded implants with cylindrical (bone-level; BL) and tapered (bone-level tapered; BLT) designs. Implant stability was evaluated for each implant at 3 time parameters using resonance frequency analysis. A mean implant stability quotient (ISQ) value was calculated for each measurement time. Results: A significant increase in the ISQ value was found at each time parameter consecutively in both implant design groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference was noted in ISQ value between the groups at all 3 time parameters (P = 0.05). There was also no significant difference in the ISQ value at all 3 time parameters between implants with diameters of 4.1 mm and 4.8 mm in the BL and BLT implant groups (P = 0.21). Conclusion: The implant thread designs of BL and BLT implants did not affect the secondary stability. Factors such as implant diameter also did not affect the secondary stability in either implant group.

 

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"[ABSTRAKPada 35 sampel, dilakukan analisis radiografis kepadatan tulang alveolar di sekitar implan dental menggunakan piranti lunak SIDEXIS-XG dan pengukuran frekuensi resonansi implan dengan mengunakan Osstell ISQ segera setelah pemasangan implan dan saat kontrol bulan ketiga.Tidakterdapat hubungan bermakna antara analisis radiografis kepadatan tulang alveolar di sekitar implan dental dan frekuensi resonansi implan dental (r = -0,102 di awal dan r = 0,146 saat kontrol, p> 0,05), namun terdapat perubahan bermakna kepadatan tulang alveolar di sekitar implan dental (p = 0,005) dan frekuensi resonansi implan dental (p = 0,000) selama masa penyembuhan.

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ABSTRACTOn 35 samples, alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant was analyzed using SIDEXIS-XG software and resonance frequency of dental implant was acquired by Osstell ISQ right after dental implant placement and on third-month follow-up. No significant correlation was reported between radiographic analysis of alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant (r = - 0,102 at baseline dan r = 0,146 on follow-up, p> 0,05). However, significant difference was observed for alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant throughout healing period (p = 0,005 and p = 0,000 respectively).;On 35 samples, alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant was analyzed using SIDEXIS-XG software and resonance frequency of dental implant was acquired by Osstell ISQ right after dental implant placement and on third-month follow-up. No significant correlation was reported between radiographic analysis of alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant (r = - 0,102 at baseline dan r = 0,146 on follow-up, p> 0,05). However, significant difference was observed for alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant throughout healing period (p = 0,005 and p = 0,000 respectively).;On 35 samples, alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant was analyzed using SIDEXIS-XG software and resonance frequency of dental implant was acquired by Osstell ISQ right after dental implant placement and on third-month follow-up. No significant correlation was reported between radiographic analysis of alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant (r = - 0,102 at baseline dan r = 0,146 on follow-up, p> 0,05). However, significant difference was observed for alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant throughout healing period (p = 0,005 and p = 0,000 respectively)., On 35 samples, alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant was analyzed using SIDEXIS-XG software and resonance frequency of dental implant was acquired by Osstell ISQ right after dental implant placement and on third-month follow-up. No significant correlation was reported between radiographic analysis of alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant (r = - 0,102 at baseline dan r = 0,146 on follow-up, p> 0,05). However, significant difference was observed for alveolar bone density surrounding dental implant and resonance frequency of dental implant throughout healing period (p = 0,005 and p = 0,000 respectively).]"

"Fenomena low frequency shadows merupakan fenomena unik yang terkadang dijumpai dalam analisis data seismik. Keberadaan fenomena ini terutama terkait dengan keberadaan reservoar hidrokarbon sehingga kemudian diperhitungkan sebagai direct hydrocarbon indicator. Low frequency shadows hanya dapat terlihat pada kisaran frekuensi tertentu, sehingga tidak akan terlihat langsung dari data seismik yang bersifat broadband. Time-frequency decomposition atau yang lebih umum dikenal sebagai spectral decomposition memberikan informasi variasi komponen frekuensi dari sebuah sinyal di sepanjang waktu. S-Transform merupakan salah satu metode spectral decomposition yang dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis sinyal non-stasioner. Metode ini merupakan pengembangan ide dari metode Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) yang didasarkan pada lokalisasi window Gaussian yang bergeser pada skala tertentu. S-Transform mampu memberikan resolusi frekuensi dari setiap time sample dengan tetap berhubungan dengan spektrum Fourier. Pada penelitian ini, spectral decomposition berbasis S-Transform digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan low frequency shadows dari sebuah data poststack seismik 3D. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terbukti bahwa fenomena low frequency shadows memang berkaitan erat dengan keberadaan reservoar hidrokarbon. Selain itu, dengan melihat sebaran konten frekuensi dari data seismik secara lateral, terlihat adanya area yang berpotensi mengandung hidrokarbon karena memiliki low frequency shadows.

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Low frequency shadows is a unique feature which can be found in seismic data analysis. The existence of this anomaly is closely related to the existence of hydrocarbon reservoir, so it is usually considered as a direct hydrocarbon indicator. Low frequency shadows only visible at certain frequency (low frequency), so it will not be visible directly from a broadband seismic data.

Time-frequency decomposition or which is generally known as spectral decomposition gives information about the variation of frequency components from a signal through time. S-Transform is one of the spectral decomposition methods which can be used to analyze non-stationer signal. This method is an extension ideas of Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) which is based on a moving and scalable Gaussian window. S-Transform can provide frequency resolution for each time sample, and still maintain a connection with Fourier spectrum.

In this paper, S-Transform spectral decomposition is used to identify the existence of low frequency shadows from a 3D post-stack seismic data. Based on the analysis result, it is proven that the existence of low frequency shadows indeed related to the existence of hydrocarbon reservoir. By analyzing the distribution of the frequency map laterally, it is shown that there is an area, which potentially contains hydrocarbon as indicated by low frequency shadows anomaly."

"Pada umumnya sensor Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) bekerja berdasarkan pengamatan karakteristik respon spektral FBG terhadap besaran yang ingin dideteksi. Pada tesis ini dipelajari kemungkinan pemanfaatan respon intensitas FBG untuk mengamati besaran yang ingin dideteksi, khususnya regangan statis dan dinamis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas transmisi dan refleksi FBG berbanding lurus dengan regangan statis dan dinamis. Berdasarkan karakteristik FBG tersebut, dilakukan rancang bangun sensor getaran FBG untuk mendeteksi getaran pada frekuensi rendah. Sensor ini dibuat dengan cara menempelkan sebuah FBG pada kantilever berbahan perunggu dengan dimensi 85x3x0,5 mm. Hasil pengukuran pada rentang temperatur 25-45°C menunjukkan bahwa sensor ini dapat mendeteksi getaran dalam rentang frekuensi 7-10 Hz. Rentang frekuensi ini termasuk dalam rentang frekuensi aktivitas penggalian, sehingga dapat diterapkan pada sistem deteksi tindakan vandalisme pada jalur pipa minyak.

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In general, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor works based on the observation of spectral response characteristic to detect the desired parameter. In this thesis, we studied the possibility of using the FBG intensity response characteristic to detect the desired parameter, especially in static and dynamic strain. Experiment result show that the transmitted and reflected intensity have linier relationships with static and dynamic strain. Based on these characteristics, we developed the FBG sensor to detect low frequency vibration. This sensor is designed by attaching the FBG on the bronze cantilever with dimensions of 85x3x0.5 mm. Measurement results show that the sensor is able to detect vibrations in the frequency range of 7-10 Hz at a temperature range of 25-45°C. The measured frequency range is still within the frequency range of digging activity, therefore this vibration sensor can be applied on oil pipelines vandalisation detection system."

"This book presents a mechatronic approach to Active Noise Control (ANC). It describes the required elements of system theory, engineering acoustics, electroacoustics and adaptive signal processing in a comprehensive, consistent and systematic manner using a unified notation. Furthermore, it includes a design methodology for ANC-systems, explains its application and describes tools to be used for ANC-system design. From the research point of view, the book presents new approaches to sound source localization in weakly damped interiors. One is based on the inverse finite element method, the other is based on a sound intensity probe with an active free field. Furthermore, a prototype of an ANC-system able to reach the physical limits of local (feed-forward) ANC is described. This is one example for applied research in ANC-system design. Other examples are given for (i) local ANC in a semi-enclosed subspace of an aircraft cargo hold and (ii) for the combination of audio entertainment with ANC."

"A series of cyclic triaxial tests at very low frequency was carried out on unsaturated clean sand in order to quantitatively investigate the influence of the degree of saturation on dynamic response. The conventional triaxial testing apparatus, which is usually used on saturated soil, was employed to test the unsaturated soil with the additional pore air pressure controller. During the series of tests, four different degrees of saturation level (Sr = 55%, 70%, 85%, 98%) were applied to the soil specimen based on a single value of effective confining pressure (?’3). The results revealed that the application of cyclic loading at a very low frequency occurring continuously triggered the decrease of soil resistance. For degree saturation, Sr = 55% revealed that the resistance of soil was stronger in comparison to another level. Furthermore, the experimental results confirmed that applied cyclic loading induced a change in saturation level before and after testing. In addition, at a certain level of saturation, a phenomenon of settlements was likely to occur and the soil specimen then underwent liquefaction."

"Teknologi Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) adalah teknologi telekomunikasi nirkabel yang memanfaatkan gelombang elektromagnetik frekuensi radio untuk mendeteksi sebuah tag khusus untuk mengirim dan menerima data tanpa bersentuhan. RFID dapat digunakan dalam aplikasi sistem monitoring pasien secara jarak jauh dan real time. Untuk itu dirancang sebuah antena tag RFID yang dapat berkomunikasi pada frekuensi yang dialokasikan untuk RFID di Indonesia yaitu 924 MHz. Antena ini akan diimplan kedalam lengan pasien diantara lapisan kulit dan lemak. Antena yang dirancang berbentuk dipole dengan kombinasi bentuk helical dan folded. Antena kemudian diinsulasi menggunakan silicone untuk mengurangi Specific Absorption Rasio (SAR) dan diimplan ketubuh pasien. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan parameter-parameter maka antena disimulasi dengan menggunakan model lengan manusia dengan tipe phantom homogen di frekuensi 924 MHz dan dilakukan fabrikasi antena dan pengukuran menggunakan model phantom liquid di frekuensi 924 MHz. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan software CST. Setelah disimulasikan didapat bahwa Antena memiliki gain sebesar -15.92 dB dan dengan bandwidth 852.44 MHz – 1006,8 MHz sebesar 154.36 MHz. Dan setelah antena difabrikasi dan diukur didapat bandwidth 844 – 964 MHz. sebesar 120 MHz.

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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a wireless telecommunication technology that utilizes electromagnetic waves (EM) at a radio frequency to detect a special tag to transmit and receive data without touching. RFID can be applied in long-distance and real-time patient monitoring system. For this reason, an RFID tag antenna is designed that can communicate at the allocated frequency for RFID in Indonesia at 924 MHz. This antenna will be implanted into the patient’s arm between the skin layer and the fat layer. The designed antenna is a dipole antenna with combination of helical and folded antenna. The Antenna then insulated using silicone to reduce Specific Absorption Ratio (SAR) and implanted in patient’s body. To find out characteristics and parameters of the designed antenna, the antenna is simulated using a human arm model with homogenous phantom at a frequency of 924 MHz and the antenna is fabricated and measured using a tissue equivalent liquid phantom at a frequency of 924 MHz. The simulation is done using CST software. After simulation, it is found that the antenna has a gain of -15.92 dB and a bandwidth of 154.36 MHz from 852.44 MHz to 1006.8 MHz. After fabrication and measurement, it is found that the antenna has a bandwidth of 120 MHz from 844 – 964 MHz."