Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Hasil samping industri kelapa sawit yaitu tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) mempunyai kandungan selulosa yang cukup tinggi. Selulosa dalam TKKS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membuat etanol dengan menggunakan enzim selulase dan ragi Saccharomyces cereviseae melalui proses sakarifikasi dan fermentasi secara serentak (SSF). Proses SSF dilakukan pada temperatur 37ºC, tekanan atmosfer, dan pH 5. Variasi proses yang dilakukan adalah konsentrasi enzim 20 FPU dan 40 FPU, penambahan glukosa awal 2% dan 4%. Sebelum proses SSF dilakukan perlakuan awal pada substrat TKKS untuk menyisihkan kandungan lignin agar menghasilkan konsentrasi gula pereduksi yang tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini konsentrasi etanol yang tertinggi yaitu 1,67 % dari 4 % (b/v) substrat TKKS diperoleh dari konsentrasi enzim 40 FPU dan penambahan glukosa awal 4% pada jam ke-24. sedangkan konversi total dari substrat mencapai 41,50%.

---

Palm oil empty fruit bunch (POEFB) as industrial Palm Oil waste has high content of cellulose which can be converted to ethanol. Two process is needed to convert cellulose to ethanol that is hidrolysis of cellulose to reducing sugar by cellulase and fermentation reducing sugar to ethanol by Saccharomyces cereviseae. This research used the combination of the two process called simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The process was studied at 37ºC, atmospheric pressure, and pH 5.

Variation enzyme loading (20 FPU and 40 FPU) and glucose added (2% and 4%) were performed. Prior to SSF proses, POEFB underwent a pretreatment to remove the initial lignin present in the palm waste. The highest ethanol concentration achieved after 24 hour was 1,67% at a water-insoluble solids concentration of 4% obtained from 40 FPU enzyme loading and 4% initial glucose added. Total substrat conversion reached 41,50%."

"Pengembanganb ioetanol dari material lignoselulosaa dalah dengan mengkonversi seluruhp olisakariday ang ada menjadi monosakaridad enganm emanfaatkanb erbagai jenis enzim. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode steaming dan enzimatis. Steamingb ertujuanu ntuk menghilangkanli gnin yang dapatm enghambaat ksese nzim dalam memecah polisakarida menjadi monosakarida, sehingga menyebabkan hidrolisis tidak optimal.Rumusan masalah dalam seminar ini antara lain, mencari waklu optimum yang diperlukan untuk melakukan hidrolisis, ukuran terbaik dari TKKS agar diperoleh glukosa terbanyak dari hasil hidrolisis, suhu optimum hidrolisis, dan yang terakhir adalah komposisi enzim yang terbaik pada saat hidrolisis.Metode pengujian pada penelitian ini meliputi uji komposisi (uji lignin dan uji selulosa) dan uji kadar glukosa. % Glukosa tertinggi yang diperoleh dari hidrolisis enzim selobiase adalah pada kondisi suhu 50oC, pH 5 dan ukuran TKKS 63pM dengan o/o yield sebesar 6.808% dari berat kering TKKS dan untuk enzim selulase padak ondisi 37oC,p H 5 dan ukuranT KKS 63pM dengano/oyi eld sebesar1 3.693% dari 0.5 gr berat kering TKKS. Dan untuk kombinasi kedua enzim, % Glukosa tertinggi yang diperolehd ari kombinasie nzim selulased an enzim selobiased engan perbandingan2 :l yangm emberikano hy reld sebesar2 3.561% dari 0.5 g beratk ering TKKS.

---

Development of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials is to convert all existing polysaciharidesi nto monosaccharidebsy utilizing various types of enzyrnes.ln this itudv using Steaming and enzymatic methods. Steaming aims to remove lignin, whiih can inhibit the accesso f enzymesi n the breakdowno f polysaccharidesin to monosaccharidesth, us causingh ydrolysisi s not optimal.

Formulation of the problem in this seminar, among others, to find the optimum time required to perform the hydrolysis, the best measure of glucose TKKS order to obtain most of the resultso f hydrolysis,t he optimum temperatureh ydrolysis,a nd the last is the best composition of the enzyme during hydrolysis.

Testing methods in the study include composition test (test of lignin and cellulose test) and test glucose levels. o/olltghest Glucose obtained from the enzyrne hydrolysis selobiaseis at 50oC temperaturec onditions,p H 5 and 63pM TKKS size with theo/o yield of 6808% of dry weight for the enzyme cellulase TKKS and conditions 37 " C, pH S and 63pM TKKS sizew ith theohy ield of 13 693% of 0.5 g dry weight TKKS. And for the combination of the two enzymes, the highest% Glucose obtained from the combinationo f cellulasee nzymesa nd enzymes elobiasea 2:l which gives%y ield of 23, 5610/for om 0. 5 g dry weight TKKS."

"Sugar is a very important carbon and energy source for human. Thelocal production of sugar in indonesia is not adequate and alternativesources should be found. Microorganisms (Bacillus amyfoiiquefaciens, B. Iicheniformis, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. megaterium, B. polymyxa, B. stearothermophilus, Pyrococcus woeseg P. furiosus, Clostndium thermosulfurogenes, C. thermohydrosulfuricum, Aspergillus awamorL A. nigen A. oryzae, A. saitoil Mucor rouxianus, Penicillium oxalicum, Rhizopus deleman Aerobacter aerogenes, and Streptomyces) are known as producer ot on-amylase, glucoamylase, and pullulanase enzymes through of starch fermentation which may be converted into a sugar compound. A preliminary study on endophytic bacteria proved their ability to grow on soluble starch, glutinous rice, and pullulan. Pullulanase convert pullulan to maltotriosa. This enzyme may work synergistically with on-amylase and with glucoamylase for a better conversion of starch to glucose. An endophytic bacteria lCMe3 obtained from the Research and Development Centre for Biotechnology LIP! at Cibinong, Bogor was examined on its ability to produce pullulanse _ For this purpose, soluble starch 1%, cassava starch 1%, and pullulan 1% (all wlv), were used as carbon and energy source in Bakshi medium (Bakshi etal., 1993). The concentration of the inoculum_was 1.25 x 10° cells/ml. Incubation was carried out at : 30°C (room temperature) and 37°C (Mapiliandari, 1999), at pH 7.0 (Bakshi et al., 1993) and pH 5.0 (Mapiliandari, 1999). The fermentation process was terminated after 24 - 26 hours. The growth of lCNle3 varied depending on carbon source, temperature, and pH. The best growth was found on pullulan at pH 7.0 and incubation temperature of of 30°C . However, when the pH of the medium was lowered to 5.0 (Mapiliandari, 1999) and the incubation temperature 30°C a higher cell number (79.5) x 108 cells/ml was obtained on pullclan as carbon source. The bacteri was grown on cassava starch medium and the pullulanase activity studied. The synergism of pullulanase with amylase and with glucoamylase to degrade cassava starch was also studied. To obtain the crude enzyme extract, the cell mass was centrifuged with a Sorval RC - 26 Plus centrifuge. The Hltrate was then concentrated with UHF, sedimented with (NH4)2SO4, and dialized with buffer Na-acetat (pH 4.8). Activity of the crude enzyme was examined on cassava starch and onpullulan. The unit activity of enzyme was 1.374 U/ml on cassava starch,1.290 U/ml on pullulan, and the protein content was 0.039 mglml. The activity of the crude enzyme, after treatment with UHF, was 2.225 U/ml for pullulan, 2.527 U/mt for cassava starch, and the protein content was 0.014 mg/ml. The activity of the crude enzyme obtained after sedimentation with 60% saturation of (NH4)2SO4, was 1.156 U/ml for pullulan, 1.162 U/mi for cassava starch, the protein content 0.579 mg/ml. After dialysed with buffer Na-acetate (pH 4.8) the activity was 6.25 U/ml for pullulan, 6.45 U/ml for cassava starch with the protein content of 2.997 mg/ml. To study the optimum pH and temperaturefor the enzyme production, the isolate iCMe3 was grown on Bakshi medium with various pHs, : 4.0, 4.5, 4.8, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and incubated at various temperatures 30°C, 40°C 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C. The optimum pH for enzyme sinthesis on puliulan was 5.0 (4.81 U/ml) and on cassava starch 4.8 (13.27 U/ml). The optimum temperature for enzyme synthesis on pullulan was 40°C (26416 U/ml) and on cassava starch 50°C (22.34 U/ml). The best synergism of pullulanase with on-amylase for both C sources was 25% (dilution of enzyme), while the synergism with glucoamylase was 100% for pulluian and 50% for cassava starch to convere the starch (pullulanand cassava starch) glucose."

"

Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (OPF) merupakan salah satu limbah pertanian Indonesia yang melimpah dengan berbagai potensi yang menjanjikan. Kandungan holoselulosa yang tinggi pada minyak pelepah sawit dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memproduksi gula pereduksi dan bahan kimia platform. Gula pereduksi diperoleh melalui pretreatment (delignifikasi) dan hidrolisis enzimatik. Makalah ini melaporkan pretreatment pelepah kelapa sawit menggunakan pretreatment hidrotermal dengan beberapa jenis larutan buffer asam (fosfat, asetat, dan sitrat) untuk meningkatkan produksi glukosa dan xilosa. Studi dilakukan dengan membandingkan kinerja pelarut hidrotermal menggunakan air dan larutan penyangga asam terhadap degradasi lignin dan OPF yang dihidrolisis secara enzimatis pada kondisi operasi yang stabil. Kondisi operasi pretreatment yang optimal ditentukan dengan memvariasikan waktu tinggal dan suhu pretreatment. Larutan penyangga sitrat menunjukkan kemampuan degradasi lignin terbaik pada suhu 150^OC dan waktu tinggal 40 menit. Hasil recovery glukosa dan xilosa yang diperoleh adalah 24,76 g/g dan 3,93 g/g. Penggunaan larutan buffer asam menunjukkan peningkatan hasil recovery glukosa sebesar 88,31% dibandingkan pretreatment hidrotermal konvensional, namun hasil recovery xilosa mengalami penurunan sebesar 17,29%.

---

Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) are one of Indonesia's abundant agricultural wastes, with many promising potentials. The high holocellulose content in the oil palm frond can be used to reduce sugars and platform chemicals. Reducing sugar is obtained through pretreatment (delignification) and enzymatic hydrolysis. This paper reports on oil palm frond pretreatment using hydrothermal pretreatment with several types of acid buffer solutions (phosphoric, acetic, and citric) to increase the production of glucose and xylose. The study was conducted by comparing the performance of hydrothermal solvents using water and acid buffers against lignin degradation and enzymatically hydrolyzed OPF under stable operating conditions. The optimal pretreatment operating conditions were determined by comparing the residence time and pretreatment temperature. Buffer Citrate showed the best lignin degradation ability at temperature 150^OC and residence time 40 minute. The yields recovery of glucose and xylose obtained were 24.76 g/g and 3.93 g/g. Using an acid buffer solution showed an increase in glucose yield recovery of 88.31% compared to conventional hydrothermal pretreatment, but the yield recovery of xylose decreased by 17.29%.

"

"Glukosa banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang teknologi atau formulasi farmasetika baik sebagai pengatur tonisitas dalam larutan sebagai zat pemanis sebagai pengencer dan pengikat pada pembuatan tablet dengan metode granulasi basah dan kempa langsung, terutama dalam tablet kunyah sebagai agen terapeutik dan merupakan sumber karbohidrat dalam rejimen nutrisi parenteral. Eceng gondok dapat menjadi salah satu sumber potensial karena selulosa yang terkandung di dalamnya cukup tinggi sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk preparasi glukosa dengan cara hidrolisis secara enzimatis oleh selulase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan galur kapang dengan aktivitas selulase tinggi untuk menghidrolisis α-selulosa eceng gondok guna memperoleh glukosa. Penelitian diawali dengan preparasi α-selulosa dari serbuk tanaman eceng gondok, skrining beberapa galur kapang uji berdasarkan pembentukan zona bening pada medium agar CMC dan dengan metode gula reduksi-DNS, dilanjutkan dengan optimasi kondisi hidrolisis enzimatis. Identifikasi glukosa yang dihasilkan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan uji pereaksi Fehling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan galur kapang yang memiliki aktivitas enzim selulase paling tinggi adalah Chaetomium globosum. Kondisi optimum hidrolisis enzimatis dicapai pada suhu 50°C, dalam dapar asetat pH 5, dengan penambahan konsentrasi enzim 2%, selama 48 jam dengan kecepatan pengadukan 160 rpm. Hasil identifikasi dengan FTIR menunjukkan bahwa spektrum serbuk glukosa yang dihasilkan memiliki kemiripan dengan spektrum glukosa standar terutama pada daerah sidik jari. Identifikasi dengan uji pereaksi Fehling memberikan hasil positif baik untuk glukosa standar maupun larutan uji hasil hidrolisis.

---

Glucose is widely used in the field of technology or pharmaceutical formulations for some purposes, such as a tonicity agent in solution a sweetening agent used as a wet granulation diluent and binder as a direct-compression tablet diluent and binder, primarily in chewable tablets used therapeutically and is the preferred source of carbohydrate in parenteral nutrition regimens. Water hyacinth potentially is used in glucose preparation through enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulase because the cellulose contained in it is high enough. This study aims to obtain the mold strain with high cellulase activity which hydrolyzes α-cellulose from water hyacinth to obtain glucose. This study is composed of several steps, including the preparation of α-cellulose from water hyacinth powder, screening test mold strains based on the formation of clear zones in CMC agar medium and with DNS-reducing sugar method, followed by optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. The identification of glucose produced was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Fehlings test methods. The results showed the mold strain that has the highest cellulase enzyme activity is Chaetomium globosum. The optimum condition of enzymatic hydrolysis was reached at 50°C, in acetate buffer pH 5, with the addition of 2% enzyme concentration, for 48 hours, with a stirring speed of 160 rpm. The results of identification with FTIR showed that the spectrum of glucose produced has similarities to the spectrum of glucose standard, especially in the fingerprint region. The identification by the Fehlings test showed positive results for both glucose standard and solution test from hydrolysis results."

"Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menghasilkan selulosa mikrokristal melalui hidrolisis α- selulosa serbuk eceng gondok dan membandingkan karakteristiknya dengan pembanding (Avicel PH 101). α-selulosa eceng gondok disiapkan melalui biodelignifikasi menggunakan kapang pelapuk putih Trametes versicolor. Selulase dari rayap Macrotermes gilvus dimurnikan dengan fraksinasi ammonium sulfat, dialisis, dan kromatografi kolom.Hasil hidrolisis ditingkatkan dengan mengoptimalkan suhu, pH, dan waktu hidrolisis. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) dan Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), diikuti oleh karakterisasi selulosa mikrokristal menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) dan pola difraksi menggunakan Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) dibandingkan dengan Avicel PH 101.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen α-selulosa dari biodelignifikasi adalah 40% b/b terhadap serbuk eceng gondok. Selulase murni dari Macrotermes gilvus menunjukkan aktivitas tinggi 11,743 U/mL membentuk area zona bening 49 mm dengan indeks selulolitik 7,16. Hidrolisis optimum dengan selulase dicapai pada 50⁰C, pH 6,0, selama 2 jam, dengan yield 90,89% MCC.Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan karakteristik selulosa mikrokristal mirip dengan referensi. MCC dari eceng gondok telah menunjukkan karakteristik mirip dengan referensi dan mungkin berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut.

---

The purpose of this research is to produce microcrystalline cellulose by hydrolysis of α-cellulose water hyacinth powder and compare its characteristics with a comparison (Avicel PH 101). α-cellulose water hyacinth is prepared through biodelignification using white rot mold Trametes versicolor. Cellulase from termite Macrotermes gilvus was purified by fractionation of ammonium sulfate, dialysis, and column chromatography.

The hydrolysis yield is improved by optimizing temperature, pH, and hydrolysis time. Identification was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), followed by microcrystalline cellulose characterization using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and diffraction patterns using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) compared with Avicel PH 101.

The results showed the yield of α-cellulose from biodelignification was 40% w/w on water hyacinth powder. Pure cellulase from Macrotermes gilvus showed high activity of 11.743 U/mL forming a 49 mm clear zone area with a cellulolytic index of 7.16. Optimum hydrolysis with cellulase was achieved at 50⁰C, pH 6.0, for 2 hours, with a yield of 90.89% MCC.

The characterization results showed that microcrystalline cellulose characteristics were similar to references. MCC from water hyacinth has shown characteristics similar to references and may be potential for further development."

"Sumber daya alam banyak sekali digunakan dalam sintesis senyawa organik. Keterbatasan sumber daya alam yang tersedia menyebabkan pemakaian sumber daya alam beralih ke sumber daya alam yang dapat diperbaharui. Biomassa adalah sumber daya terbaharui yang dapat dihidrolisis untuk menghasilkan senyawa organik bernilai tinggi seperti asam levulinat. Hidrolisis biomassa pertama-tama akan menghasilkan antara lain glukosa yang selanjutnya terhidrolisis menghasilkan senyawa asam levulinat dan asam format. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan hidrolisis glukosa dengan katalis homogen (H2SO4), katalis heterogen (γ-Al2O3/SO4 2-), dan tanpa katalis sebagai pembanding. Katalis heterogen yang digunakan disintesis dari scrap aluminium kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, XRF, BET, dan FT-IR. Reaksi hidrolisis dilakukan pada suhu 140 ºC dengan variasi waktu yaitu 2 jam, 4 jam, dan 6 jam untuk reaksi dengan katalis homogen; 4 jam, 6 jam, dan 8 jam untuk reaksi dengan katalis heterogen dan reaksi tanpa katalis. Hasil hidrolisis dianalisis dengan HPLC. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan asam levulinat pada reaksi hidrolisis 6 jam dengan katalis homogen sebanyak 2,93% . Untuk produk reaksi katalisis dengan γ-Al2O3/SO4 2- hanya dapat ditentukan banyaknya asam format yang terbentuk, sedangkan asam levulinat tidak terdeteksi karena teradsorpsi pada padatan katalis.

---

A lot of natural resources are used in the synthesis of organic compounds. Since the availabilities of some natural resources are limited, they are now replaced by the renewable resources. Renewable natural resources such as biomass can be hydrolyzed to produce high added-value organic compounds. At first, biomass is hydrolyzed to produce glucose and then is further hydrolyzed to produce levulinic acid and formic acid. In this research, the hydrolysis of glucose was conducted using sulfuric acid as homogeneous catalyst and γ-Al2O3/SO4 2- as heterogeneous catalyst. As a comparison, the hydrolysis reaction was also conducted without catalyst. The γ-Al2O3/SO4 2- catalyst was first synthesized from aluminium scraps and was characterized by XRD, XRF, BET, and FT-IR. The hydrolysis reactions were carried out at a temperature of 140 ºC and the reaction periods were varied 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours for the homogeneous catalytic; 4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours for the heterogeneous catalytic reaction and the reaction without catalyst. The hydrolysis products were analyzed by HPLC. From the result of this study, 2,93% levulinic acid was produced after 6 hours in the hydrolysis reaction with sulfuric acid. By using heterogeneous catalyst only formic acid can be detected because of adsorption levulinic acid on the catalyst."

"This study investigates the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Trunk (OPT) sap in terms of the length of saccharification process with the aim to elevate sugar production. Emphasis was placed on the reaction time and addition of supplements such epsom salt (MgSO4) and alanine amino acid (C3H7NO2) to accelerate the efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the enzyme invertase. A whole oil palm trunk was divided into four different sections, upper, middle-1, middle-2 and bottom with separate experiments over 10 days enzymatic reaction period. The highest saccharification rate was shown as 13.47% on the tenth day. This result indicates that the increase in the saccharification rate was positively correlated with the length of hydrolysis. Moreover, the sample with nutrients achieved the highest sugar output, 17.91% on the fourth day of hydrolysis which was 4.44% higher than the hydrolysis rate of the sample without nutrients. In the presence of complex OPT sugars, together with other essential elements, epsom salt and alanine amino acid, S.cerevisiae achieved a higher hydrolysis metabolism to simple sugars as the cells strived to produce energy and regenerated the invertase. Moreover, the upper part of the OPT rendered the highest potential for sugar production with levels of 21.2% with supplements and 15.6% without. From this experimental analysis, a conventional saccharification method was optimized through the addition of nutrients and a prolonged (10 days) hydrolysis process which yielded an increase in sugar production."

"Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis ester asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak dan ester asam risinoleat secara kimiawi dengan menggunakan variasi alkohol yaitu metanol, etanol, 2-propanol, dan 1-butanol serta katalis ZnCl2. Perbandingan mol antara asam lemak dengan alkohol yang digunakan dalam reaksi esterifikasi adalah 1:2. Selain itu reaksi esterifikasi dilakukan variasi waktu pada 4, 6, 8, 10 dan 12 jam. Hidrolisis dari minyak jarak menghasilkan 87% kadar asam lemak. Waktu optimal untuk reaksi esterifikasi adalah 10 jam. Persen konversi paling tinggi diperoleh pada produk metil ester asam risinoleat yaitu sebesar 68%. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan adanya serapan gugus C=O ester pada rentang 1750-1735 cm-1 dan C-O ester pada 1210-1163 cm-1. Hasil uji emulsifier produk esterifikasi menunjukkan bahwa setelah 24 jam emulsi yang terbentuk masih cukup stabil, dengan tipe emulsi air dalam minyak (w/o). Kemampuan sebagai emulsifier paling baik ditunjukkan oleh metil ester asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak, Hasil uji aktivitas antimikroba terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis memberikan hasil positif untuk beberapa jenis ester. Zona hambat terbesar diperoleh dari butil ester asam lemak hasil hidrolisis minyak jarak untuk bakteri P. acnes sebesar 20 mm dan butil ester asam lemak risinoleat untuk bakteri S. epidermidis sebesar 18 mm.

---

In this research, synthesis of fatty acid esters from hydrolyzed castor oil and ricinoleic acid ester using various alcohol, namely methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol and ZnCl2 as catalyst was performed. The fatty acids to alcohols mole ratio used in the esterification reaction was 1 : 2. Esterification reaction was carried out with a time variation 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 hours. Hydrolysis of castor oil produced 87% of fatty acid. The optimal time for the esterification reaction was 10 hours. The highest conversion percentage was obtained for ricinoleic acid methyl esters product, which was 68%. Characterization using FTIR showed the presence of group absorption of C = O esters at wavenumber 1750-1735 cm-1 and C-O esters at 1210-1163 cm-1. Emulsifier test result on esterification product showed that after 24 hours the emulsion formed was still quite stable, with the type of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion. Methyl ester of castor oil fatty acid showed its ability as the best emulsifier among the other esters Antimicrobial activity assays against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis showed positive results for several types of esters. The largest inhibition zone was obtained from butyl ester of castor oil fatty acid against P. acnes (20 mm) and butyl ester of ricinoleic acid against S. epidermidis (18 mm)."

"ABSTRAKGreen diesel merupakan bahan bakar nabati generasi kedua yang memiliki potensi untuk menjawab kebutuhan energi baik dalam negeri maupun dunia. Proses yang digunakan untuk memproduksi green diesel adalah hidrolisis sebagai pre-treatment dan hidrodeoksigenasi menggunakan katalis NiMo/Al2O3. Hidrolisis akan mengubah trigliserida pada bahan baku, yaitu minyak jelantah menjadi free fatty acid FFA yang selanjutnya dikonversi menjadi green diesel melalui hidrodeoksigenasi. Hidrolisis minyak jelantah dilakukan pada suhu 200oC dan tekanan 16 bar dengan rasio volume air dan minyak sebesar 1:1. Waktu reaksi divariasikan dari 1 hingga 3 jam. Kondisi operasi optimum hidrolisis, yaitu pada waktu 3 jam mampu menghasilkan FFA sebanyak 73,89 . Untuk proses hidrodeoksigenasi dilakukan variasi kondisi operasi, yaitu pada suhu 375oC dan tekanan 12 bar yang dapat menghasilkan green diesel dengan konversi 80,24 , selektivitas 53,37 , dan yield 19,26 , serta pada suhu 400oC dan 15 bar yang dapat menghasilkan green diesel dengan konversi 82,15 selektivitas 69,58 , dan yield 68,87 .

---

ABSTRACTGreen diesel is a second generation of biofuel that has a potential to answer the energy needs either in Indonesia or in the world. The process used to produce green diesel are hydrolysis as a pre treatment and hydrodeoxygenation by using NiMo Al2O3 catalyst. Hydrolysis will change the triglycerides in the raw material, which is waste cooking oil into free fatty acid FFA and then converted into green diesel through hydrodeoxygenation. Hydrolysis of waste cooking oil carried out at temperature of 200oC and pressure of 16 with water and oil volume ratio of 1 1. Time is varied from 1 to 3 hours. The optimum condition of hydrolysis, which is at 3 hours can produce FFA as much as 73.89 . For hydrodeoxygenation, variations in operating condition used are 375oC with pressure of 12 bar that can produce green diesel with conversion of 80.24 , selectivity of 53.37 , and yield of 19.26 , also 400oC with pressure of 15 bar that can produce green diesel with conversion of 82.15 , selectivity of 69.58 , and yield of 68.87 . "