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"Like many other Asian countries Indonesia inherited from colonial times a system of land taxation based on a detailed cadastre of all agricultural land. However in contrast with the experience of former colonial territories elsewhere in Asia the Indonesian government has in the post-1965 era been making a determined effort to revive land taxation as a source of revenue, and more important, to use the revenues as a means of promoting regional government initiative in the selection and carrying out of local develop¬ment projects. The tax is administered by a Directorate within the Ministry of Finance, whose regional offices are in charge of assessment down to individual taxpayers. Collection is done by village and regional government o`ficials while the use of funds is determined by kabupaten governments subject to certain regulations from the centre and provinces. In Java, Bali, Lombok, and South Sulawesi assessment is based on land records dating from the final decade of Dutch rule. In other parts of the archipelago where the colonial government did not assess a land tax on peasant agriculture, methods of current assessment are rather ad hoc with considerable differences between regions.Any evaluation of the functioning of an agricultural tax imposed in a poor agrarian economy such as Indonesia must take into account not only the standard criteria for assessing taxes such as equity, impact on resource allocation, administrative efficiency etc but also the rather more special¬ised arguments that have been developed in the literature for taxing agriculture and particularly agricultural land. Evidence available suggests that Ipeda in Indonesia contravenes the principle of equity in that, while widespread exemptions are given to urban income taxpayers, virtually all rural taxpayers have to pay both Ipeda and an assortment of other taxes some of which are assessed in a very regressive fashion. Rural producers are further penalised through government price policies for basic food staples such as rice and the renting of irrigated rice lands to the government sugar estates. There"

"Pembangunan infrastruktur membutuhkan jumlah dana yang besar. Rencana Jangka Menengah Nasional 2020-2024 memberikan mandate untuk mencari mekanisme pembiayaan inovatif untuk memenuhi gap funding pada pembangunan infrastruktur sehingga tidak semua pendanaan dibebankan pada Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN). Salah satu mekanisme pembiayaan innovative yang dapat dipilih adalah Land Value Capture. Mekanisme ini dilakukan dengan memonetisasi tanah yang dikembangkan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan nilai tanah dan properti dari investasi infrastruktur, dan hasilnya digunakan untuk pembiayaan publik lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian normatif untuk mencari urgensi pembentukan Land Value Capture melalui Tax Increment Financing. Penelitian ini juga mencari Peluang penerapan Land Value Capture dalam konteks hukum di Indonesia dengan melihat best practice di Amerika Serikat untuk menemukan pembelajaran sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan untuk menetapkan Land Value Capture di Indonesia. 

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Infrastructure development requires a large amount of money. The 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) mandates exploring innovative financing mechanisms to meet funding gaps for infrastructure development so that not all funding is borne by the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN). An innovative financing option that can be chosen is Land Value Capture. This mechanism is carried out by monetizing land developed by the government to increase land and property values from infrastructure investment, and the proceeds are used for other public financing. This study uses normative Research to look for the urgency of forming Land Value Capture through Tax Increment Financing. This Research also looks for Opportunities for Land Value Capture application in the legal context in Indonesia by looking at best practices in the United States to find lessons learned so that they can be used as a reference for establishing Land Value Capture in Indonesia."

"A land cover/land use classification is proposed covering most of the major features found in the Indonesian Archipelago. The classification is based on a complex set of criteria related to physiognomic, functional and ecological characteristics of the ecosystems. The open-ended, hierarchical classification is supplemented with the definitions of the classes. An attempt is then made to identify complexes of land use as an important step in the characterization of ecosystems. Spatial sequences or catena of land use types are recognized for Java and Sumatra. "

"Tesis ini berisi analisis tentang pengadaan tanah bagi pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum terhadap kegiatan usaha hulu minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia yang ditinjau dari Pedoman Tata Kerja BP MIGAS Nomor 027/PTK/XII/2007 Tentang Pengadaan Tanah dan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yang bersifat yuridis normatif dengan tipologi penelitian yang sifatnya eksploratoris dan juga metode analisis data yang bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa prosedur pengadaan tanah untuk kegiatan usaha hulu minyak dan gas bumi yang kini mengacu pada Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum mengakibatkan jangka waktu pengadaan tanah menjadi semakin lama sehingga dapat menghambat program percepatan penambahan cadangan produksi minyak dan gas negara, yang akan membuat kegiatan usaha hulu minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia mengalami stagnasi. Peneliti menyarankan agar pemerintah segera mengembalikan prosedur pengadaan tanah untuk kegiatan usaha hulu minyak dan gas bumi pada Pedoman Tata Kerja BP MIGAS Nomor 027/PTK/XII/2007 Tentang Pengadaan Tanah.

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The thesis contains an analysis about the acquisition of land for development in the public interest to the oil and gas upstream business activities in Indonesia, a review of the BP MIGAS Work Procedures Guidelines Number 027/PTK/XII/2007 Concerning Acquisition of Land and Law Number 2 of 2012 Concerning Acquisition of Land for Development in the Public Interest. The research is using juridical normative methods with an exploratorical research typology and qualitative data analysis method.

The results stated that the current procedures to acquire land for the oil and gas upstream business activities refers to the Law Number 2 of 2012 Concerning Acquisition of Land for Development in the Public Interest causes a much longer period that could inhibits the acceleration of additional reserves program of the state’s oil and gas, which could cause a stagnation in the oil and gas upstream business activities in Indonesia.

The researcher suggests the government to immediately returned the acquisition of land procedures to the BP MIGAS Work Procedures Guidelines Number 027/PTK/XII/2007 Concerning Acquisition of Land."

"The first nearly complete land use/land cover map of the island of Sulawesi was prepared using the 1972 Landsat imagery. Seventeen Landsat frames were used in a multistage approach to compile what is believed to be the first map of its kind covering the two hundreds and two thousand sq.km. on the island. This paper reports the methods of visual analysis, data compilation and transfer, and ground truth sampling which were adopted for the mapping. Discrepancies between the Landsat images and the existing topographic maps are described. "