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"ABSTRAKJepang menguasai Indonesia dari tahun 1942 hingga 1945 dengan tujuannya adalah memperluas kekuasaan militernya di Asia. Salah satu peninggalan masa pendudukan militer Jepang di Indonesia adalah tonarigumi. Tonarigumi dibentuk untuk merealisasikan keinginan Jepang untuk menarik masa dalam menghadapi perang. Tonarigumi memiliki peran besar bagi Jepang untuk dijadikan senjata dalam menduduki Indonesia. Lembaga ini didasari asas gotong royong yang saat itu digunakan pemerintah untuk mengendalikan dan mengontrol masyarakat. Tonarigumi memberi dampak postitif dan negatif bagi Indonesia. Artikel ini menjelaskan secara rinci awal mula, fungsi dan penyebaran dari tonarigumi. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian kepustakaan dengan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa masa kependudukan militer Jepang di Indonesia berperan besar dalam sejarah terbentuknya tonarigumi dan menjadi salah satu peninggalan penting pendudukan militer Jepang di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTJapan take control Indonesia from 1942 to 1945 with the aim of expanding its military power in Asia. One of the remains of the Japanese military occupation in Indonesia was tonarigumi. Tonarigumi was formed to realize Japan s desire to attract time in the face of war. Tonarigumi has a big role for Japan to be used as a weapon in occupying Indonesia. This institution is based on the principle of mutual cooperation which was then used by the government to control the community. Tonarigumi has a positive and negative impact on Indonesia. This article explains in detail the origin, function and spread of tonarigumi. This research is a study of literature with descriptive analysis method. The results of this study reveal that the period of Japanese military occupation in Indonesia effect in the history of the formation of tonarigumi, and became one of the important remains of Japanese military occupation in Indonesia."

"Topics cover a wide variety of mathematical methods used with application to defense and security. Each contribution considers directions and pursuits of scientists that pertain to the military as well as the theoretical background required for methods, algorithms, and techniques used in military applications. The direction of theoretical results in these applications is conveyed and open problems and future areas of focus are highlighted. A foreword will be composed by a member of N.A.T.O. or a ranking member of the armed forces. Topics covered include, applied OR and military applications, signal processing, scattering, scientific computing and applications, combat simulation and statistical modeling, satellite remote sensing, and applied informatics, cryptography and coding. "