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"Limestone cave is an unique ecosystem with having characteristics on enclosed space, dark, stable temperature, moist, air sirculation and being inhabited by specific flora and fauna. A limestone cave ecosystem is fragile and unrenewable for the process of its formation needs millions of years (Bullock,1965:60; Whitten et al. 1996: 542). Petruk and Jatijajar limestone caves are located at the vicinity of South Gombong Crust ,Central Java. Being potential as tourist attractions, the two caves are made used by local government tourist agency of Kebumen Regency. To create a proper managament system which saveguard the ecological function of the cave as well as the related ecological process, studies on the biodiversity and ecology are needed. The objectives of this study are primarily to understand : (1). The level of abundance of bats (2). The different of the physical environment which influence the bats populations (3). The diversity of fauna (4). The preference roosting place the bats at Petruk and Jatijajar cave. This study is conducted at Petruk cave and Jatijajar cave which are located at Ayah subdistric , Kebumen regency , Central Java in July - September 1999. The estimation of bat populations is made by counting the total number of induvidual bats when they left the cave in the evening and roosting the roof of cave during the days. For physical environment studies of the cave, the temperature, humidity and the light intensity at every zone of the cave were measured. Avertebrata and water fauna diversity were calculated by square method (murray 1991: 48), and the vertebrate diversity by line transek method (Wardoyo: 1986:11). The habitat preference of bat's roosting was identified using several criteria including the distance of the roosting place from the cave enterance, temperature, humidity and light intensity of the roosting place of each bats colony. To compare the physical data of the similar zone the ANOVA test was used at the level of 95 % signiticant (Walpole 1987: 383).The fauna diversity index was calculated by the Shanon - Whiner index (Cox, 1997:195). The similarity of those population were measured by Sorensen formula (Cox, 1997:197 ).The map for roosting habitat preference is made based on available map has been provided by Finspac' (1997), while for Jatijajar cave has been prepared by tourism agency of the Kebumen local goverment 1997. Conclusions drawn from this study were : 1) The bat population of Petruk cave during the research was approximately 144.00 at 661,34 and of Jatijajar cave around 2.874 + 179,2. 2) The physical environment of Petruk cave was warmer, with a high humidity level , and darker than the Jatijajar cave. 3) The land fauna diversity of Petruk cave was higher than that of Jatijajar cave. However those caves have similarities concerning the water fauna diversity. 4) At petruk cave 8 roosting places in habited by 6 species of bat' s namely : Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Hipposideros bicolor,Hipposideros diadema, Myotis horsfieldii, Tadarida plicata and Rhinolopus luctus. At Jatijajar cave there are 6 roosting places inhabited by 3 species of bat , namely: Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Hipposideros bicolor and Rhinoilopus luctus. At both of cave the R. amplexicaudatus prefer red to have a roosting place somewhere around the entrance due to sufficient light. However R. luctus preferred to have a roosting place at the far end of the cave where the level of humidity is high and there is no light at all. The other species : H. bicofon H. diadema ,M, horsfieldii, and T. plicata preferred to have a roosting place at the medle of the cave which little light is available and the temperature and humidity are fluctuative."

"Ketuk Cave complex as apart of Pawon karstic area. It located at the eastern side of Pawon Cave. The collecting data from Ketuk Cave complex had been down by survey and excavation. The conclusion based on the research is some of cave on Ketuk Cave complex had some indication about human activity in the pastonit location. The artifactual remains had found such as in Ketuk Cave 3,4, and Ketuk Cave above. The carbon dating analysis from the samples and stalactite had been shown about it chronology, 1560 ± 140 BP(sand) and 3260 ± 120 BP(stalactite). That mean a while, the human activity there is not in the same era with in Pawon Cave. Pawon Cave had the carbon dating chronology during 5660± 180 BP until 9525 ± 200 BP."

"Gambar cadas yang terdapat pada Gua Pondoa di Kawasan karst Matarombeo konawe utara merupakan salah satu diantara banyak situs yang menyimpan sejumlah bukti artefactual, utamanya gambar cadas berwarna hitam. Makalah proyek akhir ini membahas mengenai gambar cadas yang diasumsikan sebagai salah satu media berkomunikasi yang bersifat non-verbal. Sesuai dengan permasalahan yang diangkat yaitu bagaimana bentuk komunikasi non-verbal pada gambar cadas di Gua Pondoa di Kawasan perbukitan karst Matarombeo, Konawe Utara? Olehnya itu, penelitian ini berusaha untuk mengkaji gambar cadas Gua Pondoa dengan memakai sudut pandang komunikasi. Penelitlian ini dilakukan dengan metode pengumpulan data gambar cadas Gua Pondoa meliputi pencatatan dan pendeskripsi serta pemotretan, pembuatan denah, dan pengambilan koordinat situs. Lalu dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan komunikasi non-verbal yang menjelaskan peran dasar interaktor dalam pembuatan gambar cadas dan interpretasi terhadap data yang telah dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa komunikasi non-verbal yang terjadi pada gambar cadas Gua Pondoa meliputi tiga proses komunikasi yang berbeda. Pertama, proses tiga interaktor seniman (sender), gambar cadas (emitter) dan peneliti (receiver) adalah proses dengan perannya masing-masing. Proses kedua yakni proses dengan dua interaktor yakni sender dan receiver adalah individu yang sama dimana sender mengirimkan pesan dalam bentuk gambar emitter namun sender juga yang menyimpulkan apa yang digambar sebagai receiver. Lalu proses ketiga, proses dengan satu interaktor artinya sender, emitter, dan receiver adalah individu yang sama. Seperti seniman membuat gambar manusia yang merupakan representasi dari dirinya sendiri dan seniman tersebut juga menyimpulkan hasil dari aktivitasnya. Berdasarkan motif gambar dikaitkan dengan konteks dan mode interaksinya diketahui bahwa seniman menggambarkan bentuk komunikasi material, komunikasi teknologi, komunikasi simbolik, komunikasi sosial, dan komunikasi ekonomi yang disampaikan secara non-verbal.

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The rock art found in Pondoa Cave in the Matarombeo karst area, North Konawe is one of the many sites that holds several artefactual evidence, especially black rock art. This thesis discusses rock art which is assumed to be a non-verbal communication medium. Following the problem raised, namely what is the form of non-verbal communication in the rock art in Pondoa Cave in the Matarombeo karst hill area, North Konawe? Therefore, this research attempts to examine the rock art at Pondoa Cave using a communication perspective. This research was carried out using the Rock Art at Pondoa Cave data collection method, including recording, and describing as well as photographing, making floor plans, and taking site coordinates. Then it is analyzed using a non-verbal communication approach which explains the basic role of interaktors in creating rock images and interpreting the data that has been analyzed. The research results show that the non-verbal communication that occurs in the Pondoa Cave art includes three different communication processes. First, the process of the three interaktors, artist (sender), rock image (emitter), and researcher (receiver), is a process with their respective roles. The second process is a process with two interaktors, namely the sender and receiver, who are the same individual, where the sender sends a message in the form of an image of the emitter, but the sender also concludes what is drawn as the receiver. Then the third process, a process with one interaktor, means that the sender, emitter, and receiver are the same individual. An artist makes a human image which is a representation of himself, and the artist also concludes the results of his activity. Based on image motifs related to the context and mode of interaction, it is known that artists depict forms of material communication, technological communication, symbolic communication, social communication, and economic communication which are conveyed non-verbally."