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"Borobudur Temple has its own magnet to more than 2 million tourists both domestic and foreign tourists. This research aim is to study revitalization aspect needed in Borobudur Temple area. The main problem in Borobudur is the degradation of environment physical quality, the decline of visitor experience quality, and the decline of Borobudur image as world heritage site.Methods used in this research is qualitative methods with rasionalistic paradigm. While analyses tool used in this research consist of socio-culture analyses, sosio-economy analyses, land use analyses, and tourism analyses. The findings of development analyses is a basic and strategic action to develop physical and non-physical Borobudur Temple area its environment thus Borobudur can defend its image as a world heritage site.This research concluded that Revitalization of Borobudur Temple Area is absolutely needed. Revitalization of Borobudur Temple Area will cover development of Zone 2 and 3, so it will contribute benefit to the development of Borobudur area and its surroundings."

"Notes: The study of the Buddhist branch of Indian iconography is one of the most interesting and fascinating of all studies. In Buddhist iconography the whole world is interested because Buddhism is not confined within the limits of India like Hinduism or Jainism, but travelled far and wide beyond the Himalayas to Tibet, China, Japan, Korea and Mongolia on one side, and to Indo-China, Siam, Indonesia, Burma and Ceylon on the other. The fountain head of inspiration relating to Buddhist iconography was furnished by the ancient Sanskrit manuscripts of India, and the ideas and directions contained therein travelled to different countries, notably Tibet and China, where they were coloured by the art and culture characteristics of the respective peoples. We have now reached a stage where it is no longer possible to isolate Buddhist iconography of India from its developments in Tibet and China which were profoundly influenced by the Buddhist Tantras of India. This is the second edition of this famous work which has been thoroughly revised and greatly enlarged. New chapters have been incorporated, old chapters have been redistributed. Many pictures have been deleted, and many new ones have been included in order to make the study as up-to-date as possible. But with the availability of fresh material, after the publication of the first edition, the other side, namely the psychic side, also became apparent. "

"Dhanurveda adalah kitab ilmu kemiliteran tertua dari zaman Hindu yang dianggap sebagai pedoman dari segala kegiatan yang melibatkan busur panah. Manuskrip Dhanurveda yang tersisa sekarang ini hanya merupakan fragmen atau versi ringkas dari yang asli namun cukup untuk menunjukkan bahwa ilmu kemiliteran khususnya tentang seni memanah merupakan bagian penting dari ajaran nenek moyang di masa lampau. Berbagai relief dari candi-candi besar masa Klasik Tua (abad ke-8-10 M), yaitu candi Prambanan dan candi Borobudur merekam semua bukti-bukti kedigjayaan yang melibatkan busur panah. Sthana (postur tubuh ketika memanah) dan mudra (konfigurasi atau bentuk kepalan jemari tangan) yang menjadi faktor pendukung terbesar keberhasilan seorang pemanah dalam melesatkan anak panah dengan baik. Maka dari itu ingin diketahui apakah teknik sthana dan mudra adegan memanah yang tergambar di relief candi mencerminkan tata aturan dari kitab Dhanurveda; apakah fungsi panahan pada masyarakat Jawa Kuna sebagai masyarakat pendukung zaman itu dan bagaimana keberlanjutan penggunaan sthana dan mudra Dhanurveda setelah masa Klasik berakhir. Kajian ini menggunakan cara-cara kualitatif dengan menggunakan tahapan penelitian yang dimulai dari pengumpulan relief-relief beradegan memanah dari candi Prambanan dan candi Borobudur sebagai data primer, pengolahan data, analisis dan interpretasi. Tahapan interpretasi dibantu dengan data sekunder berupa manuskrip karya sastra Jawa Kuna yaitu Kakawin Ramayana dan berbagai cerita Buddhacarita. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan pada 20 panil relief yang di dalamnya terdapat 25 adegan memanah, didapat bukti bahwa terdapat 22 sthana dan 14 mudra yang memiliki kesesuaian dengan teknik memanah dari Dhanurveda. Pengaruh Dhanurveda dalam seni memanah masih melekat kuat di Jawa dan seiring berjalannya waktu, panahan menjadi sebuah bagian dari seni dan hiburan serta cabang olahraga hingga ke masa modern.

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Dhanurveda is the oldest military manuscript from the Hindu era which is considered as guidance to all activities involving bows and arrows. The Dhanurveda manuscripts that still available today are only fragments or abridged versions from the original book, but they are sufficient to show that military science, especially the art of archery, was an important part of the teachings of our ancestors in the past. Various reliefs from large temples of Old Classical period (8th-10th century AD), namely Prambanan and Borobudur temples, record all evidence of the art of archery greatness. Sthana and mudra are important supporting factors for archer's success in shooting arrow. Therefore, the critical questions are whether sthana and mudra techniques of the archery scenes depicted on the temple reliefs reflect the rules of Dhanurveda; What was the function of archery in Old Javanese society in that era and how was the continuation of the use of Dhanurvedic sthanas and mudras after the Classical period ended? This study uses qualitative methods by utilizing research stages from collecting reliefs of archery scenes from Prambanan and Borobudur temples as primary data, data processing, analysis and interpretation. The interpretation stage is assisted by secondary data, that is manuscripts of Old Javanese literary works, Kakawin Ramayana and various Buddhacarita stories. Based on research conducted on 20 relief panels, in which there are 25 archery scenes, evidence was obtained that there are 22 sthanas and 14 mudras which are in accordance with the archery techniques from Dhanurveda. The influence of Dhanurveda in the art of archery is still persisting in Java and over time, archery has become a part of art and entertainment as well as a sport until modern times."