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"This paper looks at the responses of some contemporary Muslim scolars on the womens right issues.These shholars are Amina wadud,abd Allah al-Na'im,Asma Barlas,Muhammad Arkoun ,Fatima Mernisasi, and Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, with a consideration of their significant contribution to the idea of women's rights in Islam

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali bagaimanakah perlindungan saksi/korban/pelapor dalam perspektif HAM; apakah hambatan-hambatan yang dijumpai dalam pelaksanaan perlindungan saksi/korban/pelapor dalam sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia; dan bagaimanakah upaya menanggulangi hambatan-hambatannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sosiologi dengan memakai metode pendekatan kualitatif yang menekankan pada data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan, disamping menggunakan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pengadilan Negeri Liwa, Pengadilan Negeri/HAM Jakarta Pusat, Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, Kejaksaan Agung Republik Indonesia, KPK, POLRES Lampung Barat, Kantor Polisi Hutan wilayah I TNBBS, ELSAM, KOMNAS HAM dan Perpustakaan UI.Berdasarkan studi pustaka, akan digambarkan perkembangan konsep HAM dalam sistem peradilan pidana di dunia dan di Indonesia; perspektif HAM dalam perlindungan saksi/korban/pelapor di Indonesia sebagai negara hukum, peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai perlindungan saksi/korban/pelapor dalam hukum positif nasional dan hukum positif internasional. Kemudian, berdasarkan penelitian lapangan diperoleh penemuan mengenai pelaksanaan perlindungan saksi/korban/pelapor di pengadilan HAM, pengadilan korupsi dan pengadilan tindak pidana umum lainnya.Lebih lanjut, dari penelitian lapangan, diketahui bahwa dalam praktek, perlindungan terhadap saksi/korban/pelapor di pengadilan HAM dan pengadilan Korupsi yang ditangani KPK sudah ada pelaksanaannya walaupun belum seperti yang diharapkan sedangkan di pengadilan tindak pidana umum lainnya, pelaksanaan perlindungan hampir dapat dikatakan tidak ada. Hal ini disebabkan oleh berbagai hambatan antara lain hambatan keamanan, kesadaran hukum masyarakat dan aparat penegak hukum serta dana. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Indonesia harus melakukan pengaturan perlindungan dalam satu kesatuan secara komprehensif dan lengkap; meningkatkan kesadaran hukum masyarakat dan penegak hukum; serta membentuk sebuah lembaga perlindungan saksi/korban/pelapor disamping meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam perlindungan berbasis komunitas sebagai penanggulangan hambatan tersebut.

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This research is aimed at identifying the protection to the witnesses/victims/whistleblower in the perspective of Human Rights; whether there are barriers encountered in the protection of witnesses/victims/whistleblower within the criminal court in Indonesia; and how to eradicate such barriers. This research constitutes a sociological research employing a qualitative approach emphasized on the primary data derived from in-dept interview and observation in addition to employ a secondary data through a bibliographical study. This research shall be conducted at Liwa District Court, Central Jakarta District Court/Human Rights Court, Supreme Court of The Republic of Indonesia, Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia, Corruption Eradication Commission, Resort Police of West Lampung, Forest Police Office of region I of Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS), ELSAM, national commission of Human Rights and Library of University of Indonesia.

Bibliographical study shall describe a trend of Human Rights Concept in the criminal court in the world and in Indonesia; The human rights perspective in the protection of witness7victim/whistleblower in Indonesia as the constitutional state, legislation regarding the protection of witnesses/victims/whistleblower in national and international positive law.

Henceforth, based on field research, it is identified that in practice, the protection against the witness/victim/whistleblower in the court of Human Rights and Court of Corruption as KPI( (Corruption Eradication Commission copes with, has been established in such mechanism despite the realization has yet to come to the expected target, on the other hand, in the general criminal court, there is no protection due to various barriers inter se a security barrier, law awareness of the community and law enforcer apparatus and fund. Thus Indonesian government is supposed to make a comprehensive and complete regulation on the legal protection; to improve the law awareness of the community and law enforcer apparatus; as well as to establish an institution of the protection against witnesses/victims/whistleblower in addition to jack up community participation in term of eradicating the barriers."

"Examining Critical Perspectives on Human Rights sets out a practical and theoretical overview of the future of human rights within the United Kingdom and beyond. A number of internationally renowned scholars respond to David Kennedy's contribution 'The International Human Rights Movement: Still Part of the Problem?' from a range of different perspectives. With its combination of theory and practice of international and domestic human rights at this key juncture in the human rights project, it is relevant to all scholars and practitioners with an interest in human rights"-- Provided by publisher.Part I. Introduction -- Examining critical perspectives on human rights : an introduction / Ole W. Pedersen & C. R. G. Murray -- The international human rights regime : still part of the problem? / David Kennedy -- Part II. Domestic Human Rights Perspectives -- What is the point of human rights law? / Keith Ewing -- If you cannot change the rules of the game, adapt to them : United Kingdom responses to the restrictions set by Article 3 ECHR on 'national security' deportations / David Bonner -- The right to security : securing rights or securitizing rights? / Liora Lazarus -- Of fortresses and caltrops: national security and competing models of rights protection / C. R. G. Murray -- Part III. International Human Rights Law Perspectives -- The rule of law and the role of human rights in comtemporary international law / Elena Katselli -- The construction of the constitutional essentials of democratic politics by the European Court of Human Rights following Sejdić and Finci / Steven Wheatley -- Universal human rights : a challenge too far / Rob Dickinson -- Part IV. Theoretical Perspectives on Human Rights -- The reality and hyper-reality of human rights : public consciousness and the mass media / Eric Heinze -- Human rights and the struggle for change : a study in self-critical legal thought / Christine Bell -- Lawfare and the internatinal human rights movement / Richard Mullender."