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"The world over, clusters are home to leading firms and institutions that compete on the edge of technology. They can be found in developed and developing countries alike and comprise such famous ones as Silicon Valley, London is financial center, ceramic tile and fashion in north Italy, wine in Bordeaux, automotive in Stuttgart and Munich, software in Bangalore, and manufacturing in China is Pearl-river delta. Today they are studied by a variety of scholars from different fields including economists, social scientists, and strategists, but also by a growing number of business practitioners and policy makers. 3 As a result, knowledge on the capacity of clusters to promote regional economic development and national prosperity and the role of local industrial policy in creating new clusters has increased rapidly in recent years The present research is best described as being exploratory in nature. It elaborates and extends existing theory. By doing so, it takes up a distinct position within scientific theory that is defined by three levels of analysis : (1) the meta-methodological level, (2) the methodological level, and (3) the theoretical level."

"Kebijakan embargo senjata yang diterapkan Barat kepada China menjadikan Rusia sebagai satu-satunya partner China dalam kerjasama transfer persenjataan. Kondisi ini menjadikan Rusia memiliki peranan yang sangat signifikan dalam upaya peningkatan kekuatan militer China. Namun demikian, transfer persenjataan China dari Rusia terus-menerus menurun pada periode 2006- 2010 sekalipun China masih tetap berusaha untuk meningkatkan kekuatan militernya. Bila nilai transfer ini diteliti lebih lanjut, ternyata hanya sistem persenjataan pesawat dan kapal yang memiliki nilai transfer yang menurun. Ini dikarenakan China kini lebih memilih untuk mengembangkan sendiri sistem persenjataannya dan hanya membeli komponen persenjataan yang belum mampu diproduksinya secara domestik.

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The policy of Western states to apply arms embargo to China makes Russia as the only partner for China in the cooperation of arms transfer. This condition makes Russia has a very significant role in China?s effort in increasing its military power. Yet, the value of China?s arms transfer from Russia keeps decreasing in period 2006-2010 although China is still trying to increase its military power. If we look deeper to the explanation of the arms transfer, only aircraft and ships which have the decreasing values of arms transfer in this period. This situation happens because China now prefers developing its own weapon systems and only buys the arms components in which it is still not able to produce domestically."

"ABSTRAKPengembangan ternak sapi melalui sistem integrasi di kawasan perkebunan kelapasawit, berpeluang besar untuk dikembangkan di daerah, mengingat potensiperkebunan kelapa sawit yang tersedia sangat luas. Peningkatan sistem integrasisapi sawit ini dapat dilakukan dengan menganalisis faktor pendukung danpenghambat dari klaster industri integrasi sapi sawit dengan pendekatan DiamondPorter. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada Kelompok Peternak Karya Lestari.Rencana tindak yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala klaster industriyang ada di Kelompok Peternak Karya Lestari yaitu pengadaan alat pengolahanpupuk organik, pengembangan pusat pembibitan, perlu adanya industri-industriterkait / pendukung seperti industri penggilingan padi, industri tahu, industri gula,bantuan dari pemerintah sebaiknya diberikan kepada kelompok peternak yangsudah berjalan (kurang lebih 2 - 3 tahun), rencana penggemukan sapi selain jenissapi bali seperti sapi simantel, sapi perah, sementara pembibitan tetap dengan sapibali. Selanjutnya, klaster industri tersebut dimodelkan dengan model pendekatansistem dinamis. Hasil dari model sistem dinamis menunjukkan bahwa apabilaterjadi kondisi kenaikan permintaan sebesar 10%, maka tindakan yang dapatdilakukan adalah melakukan pembelian sapi sebanyak 20 ekor tanpa merubahcakupan persediaan yang ada dimana cakupan persediaan bernilai 0.

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ABSTRACTSystems integration of Cattle development in the area of oil palm plantations, hasa great opportunity to be developed, given the potential of oil palm plantationsprovided very extensive. System integration of oil palm-beef cattle can beimproved by analyzing the enabling and inhibiting factors of industrial cluster ofpalm-beef cattle integration with Porter?s Diamond approach. This study focusedon farmer group Karya Lestari. The action plan to overcome the problems ofindustrial clusters at farmer group Karya Lestari ie procurement of organicfertilizer processing, development of breeding centers, availability of relatedindustries / supporting industries such as rice mills, tofu industry, sugar industry,government should be given aid to groups of farmers who are already running(approximately 2-3 years), fattening cattle like simantel cattle, dairy cattle, whilebreeding still with bali cattle. Furthermore, the industrial cluster modeled bysystems dynamic approach. The results of the systems dynamic model shows thatwhen there is an increase in demand conditions by 10%, then the action that canbe done is purchase as many as 20 cattle without changing the existing inventorycoverage where coverage inventory value is 0."

"Tiongkok merupakan salah satu perekonomian terbesar di dunia pada saat ini, disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan ekonominya yang pesat dan konsisten selama tiga dekade terakhir. Sebagai emerging economic power, investasi keluar menjadi salah satu prioritas untuk terus mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pembangunannya. Pada tahun 2007, Tiongkok mendirikan Sovereign Wealth Fund bernama China Investment Corporation (CIC) untuk mengelola dan menginvestasikan dana negaranya. Seiring waktu, CIC menjadi kendaraan investasi yang diandalkan untuk menghasilkan keuntungan. Untuk itu, CIC pun mengeksplorasi berbagai instrumen dan model berinvestasi, salah satunya dalam bentuk investasi co-investment yang dilakukan dalam kerja sama dengan pihak swasta. Namun, iklim ketegangan dan kompetisi dagang dan investasi antara Tiongkok dan Amerika Serikat menuai pertanyaan dan kekhawatiran tentang motif politik dan strategis di balik strategi investasi CIC. Oleh karena itu, penulis menggunakan kerangka analisis Macro-Framework of Foreign Economic Policy untuk memahami faktor-faktor pendorong di balik investasi CIC dan kerja samanya di China-US Industrial Cooperation Fund. Pada umumnya, kerangka ini menjelaskan bahwa terdapat tiga variabel utama yang mendorong Tiongkok, melalui CIC, untuk memanfaatkan kerja sama dan kemitraan adaptif demi mencapai kepentingan tertentu. Melalui penelitian ini, penulis menemukan bahwa CIC memanfaatkan kerja sama China-US Industrial Cooperation Fund untuk mengamankan akses investasi ke pasar AS dan menghindari rezim pengawasan investasi asing di AS.

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China is one of the largest economies in the world due to its rapid and consistent economic growth over the past three decades. As an emerging economic power, outbound investments has been a priority of the government to maintain economic growth and development. In 2007, China established a Sovereign Wealth Fund named China Investment Corporation (CIC) to manage and invest its state funds. Over time, CIC has become a reliable investment vehicle to generate profit for its shareholder, the Chinese state. For this reason, CIC has also explored various investment instruments and models, one of which is in the form of co-investment carried out in collaboration with the private sector. However, the recent backdrop of a strained trade and investment relationship between China and the United States has raised concerns about the political motives and orientation behind CIC’s investment strategy. The author uses the Macro-Framework of Foreign Economic Policy analytical framework to understand the driving factors behind CIC’s investment and its cooperation in the China-US Industrial Cooperation Fund. In general, this framework hypothesizes that there are three main variables that drive China, through the CIC, to utilise this ‘adaptive partnership’ to achieve its national interest. In this study, the author finds that CIC uses China-US Industrial Cooperation Fund to secure market access for its investments in the US market while avoiding scrutiny and blockade from the foreign investments committee in the US."