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"The Indonesian massacres of 1965-1966 claimed the lives of an estimated half a million men, women and children. Histories of this period of mass violence in Indonesia's past have focused almost exclusively on top-level political and military actors, their roles in the violence, and their movements and mobilization of perpetrators. Based on extensive interviews with women survivors of the massacres and detention camps, this book provides the first in-depth analysis of sexualised forms of violence perpetrated against women and girl victims during this period"

"The Indonesian massacres of 1965-1966 claimed the lives of an estimated half a million men, women and children. Histories of this period of mass violence in Indonesia’s past have focused almost exclusively on top-level political and military actors, their roles in the violence, and their movements and mobilization of perpetrators. Based on extensive interviews with women survivors of the massacres and detention camps, this book provides the first in-depth analysis of sexualised forms of violence perpetrated against women and girl victims during this period. It looks at the stories of individual women caught up in the massacres and mass arrests, focusing on their testimonies and their experiences of violence and survival. The book aims not only to redress the lack of scholarly attention but also to provide significant new analysis on the gendered and gendering effects of sexual violence against women and girls in situations of genocidal violence."

"Karolin Eva Kappler analyses the everyday life of victims of sexual violence, combining the normalcy of their daily life with the overwhelming experience of rape and sexual abuse. Based on a qualitative study, the author detects five patterns which characterize the victims? everyday coping practices and strategies. The grounded analysis of the interview material shows the fragility of the victims? lives, depending on paradoxes which reduce their freedom of choice and which explain the individual and social invisibility of sexual violence"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengungkapan kasus kekerasan seksual melalui Twitter sebagai bentuk resistensi penyintas kekerasan seksual di Indonesia. Studi-studi terdahulu mengenai pengungkapan kasus kekerasan seksual membahas dua jenis pengungkapan, yaitu secara langsung dan secara daring melalui perantara media sosial. Akan tetapi, belum banyak studi yang melihat fenomena ini sebagai bentuk resistensi penyintas, khususnya melalui pewacanaan diskursus tandingan dengan menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa pengungkapan kasus kekerasan seksual di Twitter merupakan bentuk resistensi penyintas dan terwujud melalui diskursus tandingan yang memicu dialog publik mengenai kekerasan seksual. Diskursus tandingan penyintas beroperasi dalam online counterpublics, yaitu arena diskursif berbasis teknologi internet di mana kelompok marjinal mampu mengontestasikan eksklusi mereka dari ruang publik. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan diskursus tandingan penyintas terlihat dalam teks yang merebut kembali narasi kekerasan seksual dari perspektif penyintas, menggambarkan bentuk kekerasan yang beragam, serta memberikan sanksi sosial kepada pelaku. Proses produksi teks utas juga merepresentasikan resistensi penyintas sebagai aktor yang aktif dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Meskipun begitu, terdapat kontestasi antara diskursus tandingan penyintas dengan diskursus dominan yang mereproduksi nilai-nilai rape culture di arena diskursif yang sama. Resistensi penyintas juga diinterpretasi secara berbeda-beda oleh publik sehingga arena diskursif yang ada tidak menjadi ruang aman bagi penyintas untuk bersuara. Oleh karena itu, pengungkapan kasus kekerasan seksual melalui Twitter tidak menjadi jalur alternatif yang ideal bagi penyintas untuk mendapatkan keadilan di tengah konteks sosiokultural Indonesia yang masih melanggengkan kekerasan seksual.

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This study aims to explain how sexual assault disclosure on Twitter is a form of sexual violence survivors’ resistance in Indonesia. Previous studies on sexual assault disclosure mainly discussed two kinds of disclosure, which are direct or offline disclosure and disclosure through social media or online disclosure. However, there is little to no studies which analyzed the phenomenon as sexual violence survivors’ resistance through the construction of counter discourse, specifically using critical discourse analysis (CDA). This study argues that sexual assault disclosure on Twitter is a form survivors’ resistance which further manifested through counter discourse that encourages public discussion on sexual violence. Survivors’ counter discourse operates through online counterpublics, which is a discursive arena facilitated by the internet in which marginalized group contested their exclusion from the public sphere. The findings of this study show that survivors’ counter discourse can be seen through texts which reclaim sexual assault narrative, depict various sexual violence forms, and give social punishment to the perpetrators. The text production process also represents survivors’ resistance as an active actor in the decision-making process. However, there is a contestation between survivors’ counter discourse and the dominant discourse which reproduces rape culture values in the same discursive arena. Survivors’ resistance is also interpreted in different ways by the public, emphasizing how the discursive arena is not a safe space for survivors to speak up. Therefore, the sexual assault disclosure through Twitter is not an ideal alternative route for survivors to seek justice in the midst of Indonesia's sociocultural context which still perpetuates sexual violence"

"Kekerasan seksual selama ini banyak dipahami dalam definisi subjektif. Maknanya bergantung pada pengetahuan dan batasan subjek penahu. Untuk memecahkan masalah ini, Superson mewakili model feminis analitik, mencoba merumuskan suatu kerangka definisi objektif yang melepaskan kondisi-kondisi: 1) subjek A tidak mengetahui apa itu kekerasan seksual, 2) subjek A tidak mendefinisikan bahwa tindakan B terhadapnya adalah kekerasan seksual, 3) subjek A mengetahui bahwa B melakukan kekerasan seksual terhadapnya namun enggan untuk mengartikulasikan. Studi ini merupakan bentuk dukungan terhadap gagasan objektivitas di dalam kekerasan seksual sekaligus koreksi dengan mempertimbangkan diskusi yang berkembang di dalam teori feminisme. Secara khusus, proses pertimbangan dan kritik yang saya lakukan menggunakan kerangka realisme konstruksi sosial Sally Haslanger. Sehingga, rekonseptualisasi atas definisi objektif saya formulasikan melalui kekuatan konstruksi sosial konstitutif. Amatan ini juga ditujukan pada implikasi argumen objektivitas di dalam kebijakan kekerasan seksual di Indonesia yang saya khususkan yakni UU TPKS (Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual No 12 Tahun 2022). Permasalahan tersebut saya urai dalam dua rumusan pertanyaan: 1) Bagaimana argumen objektivitas di dalam kekerasan seksual: 1.a) Bagaimana problem pendefinisian kekerasan seksual? 1.b) Bagaimana pemeriksaan argumen objektif dan sumbangsihnya dalam perdebatan teori feminisme mengenai kekerasan seksual?, 2) Apa implikasi teoretik argumen objektivitas bagi kebijakan kekerasan seksual? Kesimpulannya, argumen objektivitas memberikan sumbangan bagi perdebatan teori feminisme, yakni melalui pemeriksaan realisme konstruksi sosial kausal dan konstitutif. Dua model ini mampu menunjukkan mana argumen lemah dan kuat dalam tiga perspektif feminisme mengenai kekerasan seksual (natural-biologi, sosiokultural, dan liberal). Pembedaan tersebut setidaknya berguna dalam melihat keluasan tindakan kekerasan seksual di dalam UU TPKS. Kendati demikian, keluasan permasalahan yang ada dalam UU TPKS tidak sepenuhnya mampu ditangkap oleh model ini. Oleh karenanya, saya memberikan catatan tambahan yang menyangkut dimensi korban kekerasan seksual dan tindakan yang belum diakomodir di dalam UU TPKS.

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Sexual violence has been widely understood in terms of subjective definitions. Its meaning depends on the knowledge and limitations of the knowing subject. To solve this problem, Superson represents the analytic feminist model, trying to formulate an objective definitional framework that releases the conditions: 1) subject A does not know what sexual violence is, 2) subject A does not define that B's actions against him are sexual violence, 3) subject A knew that B had sexually assaulted her but was reluctant to articulate it. This study is a form of support for the idea of objectivity in sexual violence as well as a correction by considering the discussions that developed in feminism theory. In particular, the process of consideration and criticism that I carried out used the framework of Sally Haslanger's social construction realism. Thus, I have formulated a reconceptualization of the objective definition through the power of constitutive social construction. This observation is also aimed at the implications of objectivity arguments in the policy of sexual violence in Indonesia, which I specifically focus on, namely the UU TPKS (Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence No. 12, 2022). I will describe the problem in two questions: 1) What is the argument for objectivity in sexual violence: 1.a) How is the problem of defining sexual violence? 1.b) How is the objective argument examined and its contribution to the feminist theory debate on sexual violence? 2) What are the theoretical implications of the objectivity argument for sexual violence policy? In conclusion, the objectivity argument contributes to the debate on feminism theory, namely through an examination of the realism of causal and constitutive social constructions. These two models are able to show which arguments are weak and strong in the three feminist perspectives regarding sexual violence (natural-biological, sociocultural, and liberal). This distinction is at least useful in looking at the breadth of acts of sexual violence in the UU TPKS. However, the breadth of the problems contained in the UU TPKS cannot be fully captured by this model. Therefore, I provide additional notes concerning the dimensions of victims of sexual violence and acts that have not been accommodated in the UU TPKS."

"Angka kejadian kekerasan seksual pada anak meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Keluarga merupakan orang terdekat yang berperan penting dalam merawat anak pasca kekerasan seksual yang dialaminya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menggali pengalaman orang tua merawat anak yang mengalami kekerasan seksual. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini 5 orang tua yang anaknya mengalami kekerasan seksual yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Metoda penelitian yang digunakan adalah fenomenologi deskriptif dengan analisis data content analysis Tema yang diperoleh ada 5 yaitu: membangun koping yang adaptif, memperhatikan perubahan anak, mengupayakan segala bentuk upaya pemulihan bagi anak, memberi dukungan emosional serta upaya antisipasi. Penelitian akan datang yang perlu diteliti bagaimana persepsi anak terhadap kondisi yang dialaminya pasca kekerasan seksual.

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The incidence of child sexual violence increased from year to year. Family is the closest person who caring in treat for the child after sexual violence that experienced by him. The purpose of this research is to explore the experiences of parents to treat their child who have experienced sexual violence. Participants in this research are 5 parents whose their children suffered sexual violence. Participants were selected by purposive sampling. The method of research used is descriptive phenomenology of data analysis of content analysis. Theme obtained is 5 namely: build koping that adaptive, notice change child, trying entire recovery effort form for child, give emotional support as well as effort anticipation. To next research, that important, how the children with child sexual violence have maintained their condition after sexual violence."

"Internalisasi misoginisme berdampak serius terhadap diskriminasi perempuan. Bukti nyata dari internalisasi misoginisme dapat dilihat dalam kasus kekerasan seksual saat perang yang digunakan untuk mengintimidasi, meneror, dan menghancurkan perempuan baik secara fisik maupun martabat kemanusiaanya. Hal ini sering berujung pada femisida atau pembunuhan perempuan karena identitasnya. Perempuan dalam situasi perang juga mengalami ketidakadilan yang berlapis baik karena gendernya maupun karena etnis, kebangsaan, maupun agamanya. Contoh kasus kekerasan seksual saat perang dapat kita lihat dalam konflik di Rwanda, Ukraina, Kongo, dan Yugoslavia. Tulisan menyajikan pandangan komprehensif mengenai bagaimana internalisasi misoginisme dapat menjadi bagian dari kekerasan seksual dalam peperangan dan bagaimana membayangkan upaya penyelesaian kasus kekerasan seksual di zona peperangan. Metode kritis feminis digunakan untuk membongkar adanya ketidakadilan yang dialami perempuan di zona konflik. Penulis juga melakukan pembacaan kritis terhadap wawancara kualitatif. Dari refleksi filosofis permasalahan ini, ditemukan bahwa terdapat normalisasi terhadap kekerasan akibat dari internalisasi misoginisme. Ini dikarenakan hak asasi manusia secara konseptual masih meluputkan soal partikularitas hak asasi perempuan. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya rekognisi terhadap kekerasan yang dialami perempuan dalam situasi perang guna mencapai keadilan bagi perempuan.

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The internalization of misogyny has serious implications for the discrimination against women. Concrete evidence of the internalization of misogyny can be seen in cases of sexual violence during wars, which are used to intimidate, terrorize, and degrade women both physically and in their human dignity. This often leads to femicide or the murder of women based on their identity. Women in wartime situations also experience layered injustices based on their gender, ethnicity, nationality, or religion. Examples of sexual violence during war can be observed in conflicts in Rwanda, Ukraine, Congo, and Yugoslavia. This text presents a comprehensive view of how the internalization of misogyny can be part of sexual violence in warfare and how to envision efforts to address cases of sexual violence in war zones. Critical feminist methods are employed to expose the injustices experienced by women in conflict zones. The author also critically analyzes qualitative interviews. Through philosophical reflection on this issue, it is found that there is a normalization of violence resulting from the internalization of misogyny. This is because human rights, conceptually, still overlook the particularities of women's rights. Therefore, recognition efforts are needed to address the violence experienced by women in war situations in order to achieve justice for women."