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"This article discusses to what extent, of at all, the concerns embodied in the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) Agenda take priority over respect for patriachal local customs and institutions when undertaking Post-Conflict Peace Building (PCPB) missions in fragile states. It argues that the concerns embodied in WPS agenda should take priority over respect for patriachal local customs and institutions to the extent that it addresses three challenges: (1) interntional interventions; (2) the separation of dimension in "silos"; and (3) the women oriented bias. This article looks at three perspectives to answer the challenges. The first is the Feminist Hybridity Perspevtives's arguments that emphasize the collaboration of international capacities and local knowledge in prioritizing the international intervention. The second is the Feminist Political Economy Perspective's arguments that suggest an integrated approach between political security dimension and socio-economic dimension to tackle the challenge of incomprehensive approach due to separation between the two during the PCPB missions. The third is the gender as national interest perspective that provides a basis for the continuation of the discourse on the WPS Agenda by nation-states in order to answer the challenge of the women-orianted bias."

"This article analyses the various factors that caused latent conflict in Balinuraga to be manifest conflict, also how conflict transformation is carried out to change conflictual conditions to be harmonious, destructive to constructive. Indonesian Survey Circle (LSI) noted that Lampung entered into five (5) regions with the worst levels of discrimination after the reformation. So, the researcher feels the need to raise the theme of conflict transformation in Balinuraga as the title and subject matter of this paper. This research was conducted using qualitative methods by collecting data through interviews, observation and documentation. The researcher used several theories and concepts, such as Conflict Theory, Conflict Transformation Theory, Cooperation Theory, Social Identity Theory, ABC Triangle Concept Galtung Conflict, SAT Concept, and Peace Concept. The results showed that conflict in Balinuraga was triggered by juvenile delinquency, extended with the issue of ethnicity and arrogance between groups as an accelerator, and was motivated by transmigration policies and the issue of economic inequality as structural factors. Conflict transformation efforts are carried out in four dimensions, namely personal, relational, cultural, and structural in order to realize sustainable peace and national security."