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"The book provides theoretical and phenomenological insights on the structure of matter, presenting concepts and features of elementary particle physics and fundamental aspects of nuclear physics.Starting with the basics (nomenclature, classification, acceleration techniques, detection of elementary particles), the properties of fundamental interactions (electromagnetic, weak and strong) are introduced with a mathematical formalism suited to undergraduate students. Some experimental results (the discovery of neutral currents and of the W± and Z0 bosons. The quark structure observed using deep inelastic scattering experiments) show the necessity of an evolution of the formalism. This motivates a more detailed description of the weak and strong interactions, of the Standard Model of the microcosm with its experimental tests, and of the Higgs mechanism. The open problems in the Standard Model of the microcosm and macrocosm are presented at the end of the book. For example, the CP violation currently measured does not explain the matter -antimatter asymmetry of the observable universe. The neutrino oscillations and the estimated amount of cosmological dark matter seem to require new physics beyond the standard model. A list of other introductory texts, work reviews and some specialized publications is reported in the bibliography."

"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini mengajukan model penggunaan representasi spin-3/2 murni pada fisika partikel. Untuk memformulasikan representasi spin-3/2 murni secara kovarian digunakan representasi antisimetrik tensor spinor dan penelitian ini menggunakan hamburan dengan resonans delta sebagai contoh. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penggunaan Lagrangian interaksi yang konvensional menimbulkan masalah amplitudo transisi tidak dapat menjelaskan fenomena resonansi. Untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut, Lagrangian interaksi dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan ketergantungan pada momentum. Seperti halnya interaksi pada model Rarita-Schwinger, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa fenomena resonans nukleon dapat diperoleh dari formulasi spin-3/2 murni hanya jika faktor bentuk hadronik diperhitungkan pada interaksinya.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis proposes the use of pure spin 3/2 representation in particle physics. To formulate the representation in a covariant form one uses the antisymmetric tensor spinor representation and one considers the delta resonance contribution to the elastic scattering as an example. One finds that the use of conventional gauge invariant interaction Lagrangian leads to a problem the obtained scattering amplitude does not exhibit a resonance behavior. To overcome this problem one may modify the interaction by adding a momentum dependence. As in the case of Rarita Schwinger one finds that a perfect resonance description could be obtained in the pure spin 3/2 formulation only if the hadronic form factors were considered in the interactions."

"This volume is an exercises and solutions manual that complements the book "Particles and Fundamental Interactions" by Sylvie Braibant, Giorgio Giacomelli, and Maurizio Spurio. It aims to give additional intellectual stimulation for students in experimental particle physics. It will be a helpful companion in the preparation of a written examination, but also it provides a means to gaining a deeper understanding of high energy physics. The problems proposed are sometimes true and important research questions, which are described and solved in a step-by-step manner. In addition to the problems and solutions, this book offers fifteen Supplements that give further insight into topical subjects related to particle accelerators, signal and data acquisition systems and computational methods to treat them."

"This paper proposes a study on the comparison of particle swarm optimization with genetic algorithm for molten pool detection in fixed aluminum pipe welding. The research was conducted for welding of aluminum alloy Al6063S-T6 with a controlled welding speed and a Charge-couple Device (CCD) camera as vision sensor. Omnivision-based monitoring using a hyperboloidal mirror was used to detect the molten pool. In this paper, we propose an optimized brightness range for detecting the molten pool edge using particle swarm optimization and compare the results to genetic algorithm. The values of the brightness range were applied to the real time control system using fuzzy inference system. Both optimization methods showed good results on the edge detection of the molten pool. The results of experiments with control show the effectiveness of the image processing algorithm and control process."

"his textbook brings together nuclear and particle physics, presenting a balanced overview of both fields as well as the interplay between the two. The theoretical as well as the experimental foundations are covered, providing students with a deep understanding of the subject. In-chapter exercises ranging from basic experimental to sophisticated theoretical questions provide an important tool for students to solidify their knowledge. Suitable for upper undergraduate courses in nuclear and particle physics as well as more advanced courses, the book includes road maps guiding instructors on tailoring the content to their course. Online resources including color figures, tables, and a solutions manual complete the teaching package. This textbook will be essential for students preparing for further study or a career in the field who require a solid grasp of both nuclear and particle physics"