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"Tesis ini adalah sebuah upaya eksplorasi potensi teori evolusi Darwin sebagai basis penjelasan kausal bagi fenomena sosial dan budaya. Upaya tersebut dicapai melalui analisa terhadap ontologi ilmu ekonomi. Ilmu ekonomi dipilih karena sampai saat ini ilmu ekonomi adalah satu-satunya cabang ilmu sosial yang dianggap memiliki derajat eksplanasi setingkat ilmu-ilmu eksak. Dari analisa tersebut, penulis berpendapat bahwa dua dimensi ilmu ekonomi, yakni asumsi homo economicus dan mekanisme pasar, memiliki kompatibilitas yang tinggi dengan prinsip teori evolusi Darwin mengenai keberlangsungan hidup (survivability) dan adaptasi. Jadi, penulis beranggapan bahwa tingginya derajat eksplanasi yang dihasilkan ilmu ekonomi semata-mata disebabkan adanya kesesuaian antara ontologi ilmu ekonomi dengan ontologi evolusi Darwinian. Sebagai kesimpulan, penulis beranggapan bahwa ilmu-ilmu sosial akan dapat memberikan eksplanasi yang lebih baik jika mengadopsi prinsip-prinsip teori evolusi Darwin sebagai paradigma utamanya.

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This graduate thesis is an attempt to explore the potentiality of Darwin's theory of evolution as the basic explanation of social and cultural phenomena. That main objective is realized through the means of analysis upon the ontology of economics, since economics is the only social science deemed equal to those of natural sciences. Upon analysis, it is apparent that the 'exactness' of economics explanations very much indebted to its ontological similarities with the ontology of Darwin's theory of evolution. The two main economics ontological assumptions, homo economicus and market mechanism, are very much alike with Darwin's two main ontological assumptions of evolution, survivability and adaptation. Consequentially, we can think of economics 'exactness' as a result of its ontological compatibility with Darwin's theory of evolution. As a conclusion, this thesis staunch to the hypothesis that humanities and social sciences can gain methodological status equivalent to economics only if they accept Darwin's theory of evolution as its very basic ontological assumption. "

"This paper represents Engels? theory of human origin with more modern facts and theories from contemporary fossil record. In Engels? theory, brain and cognitive ability is not the essential attribute of humanity. Brain capacity is not a cause; it is result or effect of evolution of more essential attribute in hominid evolution, that are terrestrial-bipedal life style and the use of tools by which labour social organisation emerge in hominid evolution."

"Human life is in a level of evolution by natural selection. It means that human nature is also in the same level of life. In that kind of condition the life is considered full with the mechanism that produced within the human_s brain by evolution. This different point of view show us the disposition of human nature. In this case the disposition of human nature is the combination between innate mechanism and environment in the level of evolution by natural selection for the sake of survivality."