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"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai karakterisasi morfologi ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) tinggi beta karoten. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman morfologi dan pola pita isozim peroksidase (PER), 6-fosfoglukonat dehidrogenase (6-PGD), sikimat dehidrogenase (SDH), dan enzim malat (ME) pada 5 genotipe ubi kayu Mentega 1, Mentega 2, Roti, Ubi Kuning, dan Adira 1. Hasil pengamatan morfologi dan analisis pola pita isozim diuraikan secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk dendrogram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam satu genotipe terdapat keragaman karakter morfologi tetapi tidak dalam pola pita isozim. Karakter pembeda antar genotipe adalah warna daun muda, warna daun tua, warna pertulangan daun bagian atas, warna petiolus, gigi pada daun, warna batang muda, warna batang tua, dan warna parenkim. Berdasarkan dendrogram pola pita enzim PER, genotipe Adira 1 dan Ubi Kuning berada dalam satu cluster.

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Research on morphological and isozyme characterization of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) with high beta-carotene has been done. The study aims to determine the diversity of morphological and isozyme banding pattern of peroxidase (PER), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), schicimate dehydrogenase (SDH), and malic enzyme (ME) from 5 cassava genotypes (Mentega 1, Mentega 2, Roti, Ubi Kuning, and Adira 1). The results of morphological observation and analysis of isozyme banding pattern was described descriptively and presented in the form of dendrogram.

The results showed that there is a diversity of morphological character in a single genotype but not in isozyme banding pattern. The distinguishing characters between the genotypes are colours of: young leaf, old leaf, basal part of leaf venation, petiolus, teethlets on mature leaf, young stem, old trunk, and parenchyma. Based on dendrogram of PER enzyme banding pattern, Adira 1 and Ubi Kuning are put in the same cluster"

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Beta karoten memiliki kapasitas antioksidan. Malondialdehida (MDA), produk dari peroksidasi poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), merupakan penanda stres oksidatif. Keseimbangan oksidan dan antioksidan dalam ASI membantu mencegah terjadinya radikal bebas pada bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara asupan beta karoten dengan kadar beta karoten ASI dan mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara asupan beta karoten dengan kadar MDA ASI. Delapan puluh ibu usia 20–40 tahun yang menyusui secara eksklusif dan memiliki bayi usia 1–6 bulan yang datang ke Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilincing dan Grogol Petamburan pada bulan Februari–April 2019 dan bersedia menandatangani lembar persetujuan penelitian menjadi subjek penelitian. ASInya di periksa di laboratorium. Korelasi positif lemah ditemukan antara indeks masa tubuh (IMT) dan kadar MDA ASI (r = 0,285, p = 0,010) serta asupan beta karoten dan kadar MDA ASI (r = - 0,469 dengan p <0,001). Korelasi negatif sedang ditemukan pada durasi menyusui dalam minggu dengan kadar MDA ASI, asupan beta karoten memilki korelasi positif lemah dengan kadar MDA ASI (r = 0,247, p = 0,027). Aktivitas fisik memiliki hubungan dengan kadar beta karoten ASI (p = 0,012). Dengan demikian, IMT, durasi menyusui, asupan beta karoten berpengaruh terhadap kadar MDA ASI.

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Beta carotene has antioxidant capacity. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation product, is the marker of oxidative stress. The balance of oxidant and antioxidant in breastmilk helps prevent the free radical formation in babies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation of beta carotene intake with the breast milk (BM) beta carotene level and to determine the relationship between beta carotene intake with the MDA level in BM. Eighty 20–40 years old exclusively breastfeeding mothers who came to Cilincing and Grogol Petamburan Public Health Centre in February–April 2019 and had 1–6 months old babies were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The BM were assessed the laboratory. Weak positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and BM MDA level (r = 0.285, p = 0.010) as well as beta carotene intake and BM MDA level (r = 0.247, p = 0.027). Medium negative correlation was found between breastfeeding duration in weeks with the BM MDA level (r = - 0.469, p <0.001). Physical activity has a relationship with BM beta carotene level (p = 0.012). Therefore, BMI, breastfeeding duration, beta carotene intake has a correlation with BM MDA level.

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"Ekstrak daun mengkudu Morinda citrifolia L mengandung beberapa senyawa metabolit sekunder, diantaranya biosurfaktan saponin yang dapat digunakan sebagai emulsifier dalam pembuatan mikroemulsi. Ekstraksi saponin dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi, identifikasi secara fitokimia dan karakterisasi dengan FTIR dan UV-Vis. B-karoten merupakan zat warna alami yang sering digunakan dalam minuman, namunsukar larut dalam air , rentan terhadap suhu dan cahaya. Mikroemulsi dapat meningkatkan solubilisasi dan stabilitas. Pembuatan mikroemulsi dilakukan dengan memvariasikan surfaktan: kosurfaktan Sm dan Sm terhadap minyak. Mikroemulsi yang didapatkan tipe M/A dengan ukuran droplet antara 10-100 nm. Karakterisasi mikroemulsi menggunakan mikroskop, particle size analyzer PSA , dan turbidimeter. Solubilisasi dan stabilisasi?-karoten diamati dengan UV-Vis dan FTIR. Hasil yang diperoleh terbentuk mikroemulsi minyak dalam airyang stabil dengan perbandingan surfaktan terhadap kosurfaktan Sm 8:2 dan perbandingan Sm terhadap minyak adalah 14:1. Solubilisasi B- Karoten dalam mikroemulsi di peroleh sebesar 2 mg/mL dan mikroemulsi dapat meningkatkan stabilisasi terhadap suhu dan cahaya.

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Leaf extract of Morindacitrofilia L. contains several types of secondary metabolites one of them is biosurfactantsaponin which can be used as an emulsifier in microemulsion formation. Saponin extraction was performed with maceration technic, identification by phytochemicaland characterization using FTIR and UV Vis spectrophotometer. Carotene is a natural colorant which frequently used in beverages but it is vulnerable with temperatures and lights. Palm oil was used asoilphase. carotene solubilization in microemulsion increases stabilization. Microemulsion formationwas performed by varying surfactant, co surfactant and oil phase. Microemulsion stabilization was observed using turbidity meter, microscope, and particle size analyzer PSA. carotene solubilization and stabilization in microemulsion system were observed by UV Vis spectrophotometer. Microemulsion particle size were confirmed at 8,25 11,20 nm. The result of stabilized oil microemulsion in water wasobtained with ratio ofsurfactant and co surfactant Sm at 8 2, and ratio of Sm and oil at1 4 1. carotene solubilization in microemulsion system isoptimum obtaine dat 2mg ml."

"Kelahiran preterm masih merupakan masalah global. Penyebab kelahiran preterm bersifat multifaktor, di antaranya adalah proses inflamasi dan status nutrisi yang dipengaruhi oleh mikronutrien seperti seng, vitamin A dan D. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh seng, AtRA dan 25(OH)D pada regulasi respons inflamasi pada kelahiran preterm melalui pemeriksaan MyD88, TRIF, NFκB dan IL-1β. Desain kuasi eksperimental dilakukan selama periode Januari-Juni 2017 di RSUPN-CM dan RS Budi Kemuliaan, Jakarta. Subjek dibagi menjadi kelompok aterm (n=25), pretem kontrol (n=27), dan preterm perlakuan (n=26). Kelompok preterm perlakuan diberikan secara oral seng 50 mg/hari, beta-carotene 25.000 IU, dan vitamin D₃ 50.000 IU/minggu. Seluruh subjek dilakukan wawancara, pengukuran konsentrasi seng, AtRA dan 25(OH)D serum dan plasenta, serta kadar MyD88, TRIF, NFκB dan IL-1β plasenta. Pada kelompok aterm konsentrasi AtRA serum dan plasenta lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok lain. Pada kelompok preterm perlakuan, tidak didapatkan adanya perbedaan bermakna konsentrasi seng, AtRA dan 25(OH)D serum sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Ekspresi NFκB dan TRIF lebih rendah pada kelompok aterm dan preterm kontrol, dibandingkan kelompok preterm perlakuan. Konsentrasi IL-1β ditemukan paling tinggi pada kelompok aterm. Konsentrasi seng, AtRA dan 25(OH)D plasenta memiliki korelasi positif sedang dengan IL-1β.Simpulan: Konsentrasi seng, AtRA dan 25(OH)D plasenta yang rendah berhubungan dengan lebih tingginya ekspresi MyD88, TRIF, NFκB dan IL-1β pada kelahiran preterm. Pemberian seng, beta-carotene dan vitamin D₃ berhubungan dengan IL-1β yang lebih rendah.

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Preterm birth is still a global burden. Inflammation process and nutritional status are among its multifactorial etiology which is affected by micronutrient such as vitamin A, D and zinc. Quasi-experimental design was conducted to know the role of zinc, beta-carotene and vitamin D₃ towards inflammatory regulator of preterm birth during January-June 2017 in RSUPN-CM and Budi Kemuliaan Hospital, Jakarta. Subjects were classified into term (n=25), control preterm (n=27), and experimental preterm group (n=26). Subjects in experimental preterm group were given orally zinc 50 mg/day, beta-carotene 25,000 IU and vitamin D₃ 50,000 IU/week. Nutrient intake interview, measurement of zinc, AtRA and 25(OH)D level in serum and placenta was performed in all subjects, also placental concentration of MyD88, TRIF, NFκB dan IL-1β. The term group had higher AtRA concentration in serum and placenta. No significant difference of serum zinc, AtRA and 25(OH)D concentration was found in treated group before and after intervention. The term and control preterm groups had lower expression of NFκB and TRIF compared to the experimental group. The concentration of IL-1β was highest among term group. Placental concentration of zinc, AtRA and 25(OH) had moderate positive correlation with IL-1β.Conclusion: Lower placental concentrations of zinc, AtRA and 25(OH)D relate to higher expression of MyD88, TRIF and NFκB. The supplementation of zinc, beta-carotene and vitamin D₃ relate to lower expression of IL-1β."

"Tribadi, Suranto, Sajidan. 2009. Variation of morphological and protein pattern of cassava (Manihot esculenta) varieties of Adira1 and Cabak makao in Ngawi, East Java. Nusantara Bioscience 2: 14-22. This research is intended to find out the morphological and anatomical variation as well as the protein band pattern of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) widely spread in three different areas of height. The sample collecting is done using simple random sampling in the three different areas of height that is 50, 300, 1000 meters asl in Ngawi District, East Java while the analysis of protein band pattern is done using SDS-PAGE. The result of the research of morphology and anatomy is analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tabels, histograms and figures. The analysis of protein band pattern is done using quantitative and qualitative analysis that is based on the appearance or not the gel band pattern by counting the molecular weights based on code marker S 8445 and qualitative method based on the quality of the band formed. The band pattern formed is istimated and presented in the form of zimogram. The result of the research shows that the height of the cultivating site very much influences toward variations of root, stem and leaf morphology. The longest root is at 50 meter heights asl (Cabak makao local variety, the widest stem diameter is at 50 meters asl (Cabak makao local variety) the longest leaf and branch is at 300 meters asl (Cabak makao local variety) and 1000 meters asl (Cabak makao local variety). There is no difference of anatomy in the root, stem and leaf and no difference of protein band pattern either in Adira1 or Cabak makao local variety. "

"Red palm oil (RPO) mengandung antioksidan yang larut dalam lemak seperti karotenoid (α dan β-karoten, likopen), vitamin E (dalam bentuk α, β, dan δ tokotrienol dan tokoferol), dan ubikuinon. Red palm oil (RPO) dapat digunakan sebagai upaya mencegah stunting dan kekurangan gizi karena nilai gizi yang jauh lebih tinggi daripada minyak goreng yang beredar di pasaran. Akan tetapi, belum terdapat banyak studi mengenai pemanfaatan red palm oil (RPO) dalam hal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh formula emulsi dari red palm oil (RPO). Sediaan emulsi red palm oil (RPO) dibuat menggunakan 5% sukrosa ester palmitat untuk mengemulsifikasi 5% (F1), 10% (F2), dan 15% (F3) red palm oil (RPO) dengan madu untuk menambah kestabilan, kemudian dilakukan karakterisasi fisik untuk mengetahui stabilitas emulsi selama 12 minggu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selama 12 minggu ketiga formula emulsi stabil berdasarkan parameter organoleptis, pH, homogenitas viskositas, ukuran partikel, dan zeta potensial. Hasil uji hedonis pada 30 orang responden menunjukkan bahwa formula F1 paling disukai para responden. Dengan demikian, dalam penelitian ini formula F1 menghasilkan hasil uji yang paling baik.

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Red palm oil (RPO) contains fat-soluble antioxidants such as carotenoids (α and β-carotene, lycopene), Vitamin E (in the form of α, β, and δ tocotrienols and tocopherols), and ubiquinone. Red palm oil (RPO) can be used as an effort to prevent stunting and nutritional deficiencies due to its significantly higher nutritional value compared to cooking oils available in the market. However, there haven't been many studies regarding the utilization of red palm oil (RPO) in this matter. This study aims to obtain an emulsion formula from red palm oil (RPO). The red palm oil (RPO) emulsion preparations were made using 5% sucrose ester palmitate to emulsify 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3) red palm oil (RPO) with honey to enhance stability. Subsequently, a physical characterization was conducted to determine the emulsion's stability over a period of 12 weeks. The results showed that all three emulsion formulas remained stable over the 12-week period based on organoleptic parameters, pH, viscosity homogeneity, particle size, and zeta potential. Hedonic testing results from 30 respondents indicated that Formula F1 was the most preferred by the respondents. Therefore, in this study, Formula F1 yielded the best test results."

"Karotenoid adalah pigmen alami tidak larut air yang terkenal karena bersifat antioksidan dan merupakan prekursor vitamin A. Beta-karotena merupakan provitamin A terbaik yang umum digunakan dalam industri sebagai pigmen oranye-merah untuk membuat berbagai produk makanan. Pada penelitian ini beta-karotena diekstraksi dari mikroalga dengan jenis spirulina yang ditumbuhkan pada media zarrouk dengan penambahan limbah sawit dalam berbagai persentase. Kandungan karotenoid dalam mikroalga diekstraksi dengan menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol, metanol, heksana, dan diklorometana. Berdasarkan hasil FESEM, terdapat perubahan ukuran granula pada mikroalga yang ditumbuhkan dalam variasi persentase limbah sawit (POME) sebagai media. Diklorometana merupakan pelarut ekstraksi terbaik berdasarkan hasil penentuan kadar beta-karotena dengan spektrofotometer Vis. Persentase limbah sawit dalam media berbanding terbalik dengan kadar beta-karoten dalam mikroalga. Limbah sawit pada media mikroalga menghambat pembentukan pigmen dan menurunkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak, berdasarkan metode DPPH.

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Carotenoids are natural, insoluble pigments that are famous for their antioxidant properties and are precursors of vitamin A. Beta-carotene is the best pro-vitamin A which is commonly used in industry as an orange-red pigment to make various food products. In this study, beta-carotene was extracted from microalgae, spirulina, grown in zarrouk media with the addition of palm oil waste in various percentages. Carotenoid content in microalgae was extracted using the maceration method with ethanol, methanol, hexane and dichloromethane solvents. Based on FESEM results, there were changes in microalgae granule size that grown in variety percentages of palm oil waste (POME) as medium. Dichloromethane was the best extraction solvent based on the results of determining beta- carotene content using a Vis spectrophotometer. The percentage of palm waste in the media was inversely proportional to the beta-carotene content in microalgae. Palm waste in microalgae medium inhibits pigment formation and reduces antioxidant activity, based on the DPPH method."

"Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menelaah permasalahan yang terjadi dalam pemasaran ubi kayu di Lampung dan mencari alternatif pemecahan masalah.untuk mengatasi permasalahan ubi kayu dalam jangka panjang sangat penting dipertimbangkan menarik partisipasi petani melalui wadah keorganisasiaan ekonomi desa KUD."

"[ABSTRAKDengan potensi ekonomi yang besar dari ubi kayu dalam perdagangandunia dan meningkatnya kebutuhan dunia akan ubi kayu serta denganketerbatasan-keterbatasan Indonesia dalam meningkatkan produksi ubi kayu,perlu dikaji faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi produksi, konsumsi maupunharga ubi kayu di Indonesia. Produksi ubi kayu dipengaruhi secara signifikan olehvariabel harga ubi kayu, luas areal panen ubi kayu dan harga pupuk urea.Konsumsi ubi kayu di Indonesia dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh variabeljumlah penduduk Indonesia. Harga ubi kayu di Indonesia dipengaruhi secarasignifikan oleh variabel luas panen ubi kayu, konsumsi ubi kayu dan panjang jalanberaspal. Berdasarkan proyeksi, produksi ubi kayu akan mengalami peningkatanjika harga ubi kayu, produktivitas lahan ubi kayu maupun luas panennyaditingkatkan. Konsumsi ubi kayu Indonesia diproyeksikan akan mengalamipenurunan jika secara bersamaan ada peningkatan harga ubi kayu, peningkatanpendapatan perkapita dan adanya peningkatan jumlah penduduk Indonesia. Hargaubi kayu diproyeksikan akan mengalami peningkatan jika konsumsi ubi kayumengalami penurunan dibarengi dengan penurunan luas areal panen ubi kayu.

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ABSTRACTWith great economic potential of cassava in the world trade and theincreasing world demand for cassava as well as the limitations of Indonesia toincrease cassava production it needs to be investigated factors that can affect theproduction, consumption and prices of cassava in Indonesia. Cassava productionis significantly influenced by the variable price of cassava, cassava harvestedarea and price of urea fertilizer. Consumption of cassava in Indonesia issignificantly influenced by population of Indonesia. The price of cassava inIndonesia is significantly influenced by cassava harvested area, consumption ofcassava and the length of tarred road. Based on projections, cassava productionwould increase if cassava price, cassava land productivity and harvested area areimproved. Indonesian cassava consumption is projected to decline if there areincreasing in cassava price, per capita income and population of Indonesiasimultaneously. The price of cassava is projected to increase if the consumption ofcassava decreased accompanied by a decrease in the total area harvestedcassava., With great economic potential of cassava in the world trade and theincreasing world demand for cassava as well as the limitations of Indonesia toincrease cassava production it needs to be investigated factors that can affect theproduction, consumption and prices of cassava in Indonesia. Cassava productionis significantly influenced by the variable price of cassava, cassava harvestedarea and price of urea fertilizer. Consumption of cassava in Indonesia issignificantly influenced by population of Indonesia. The price of cassava inIndonesia is significantly influenced by cassava harvested area, consumption ofcassava and the length of tarred road. Based on projections, cassava productionwould increase if cassava price, cassava land productivity and harvested area areimproved. Indonesian cassava consumption is projected to decline if there areincreasing in cassava price, per capita income and population of Indonesiasimultaneously. The price of cassava is projected to increase if the consumption ofcassava decreased accompanied by a decrease in the total area harvestedcassava.]"

"ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian multiplikasi tunas ubi kayu tinggi beta karoten genotipe Ubi Kuning secara kultur in vitro menggunakan dua tipe eksplan, yaitu nodus apikal dan empat nodus aksilar yang ditanam pada medium MS dengan penambahan 0,75 mgl-1 BAP. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui nodus yang paling responsif terhadap media induksi tunas. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis dan analisis variansi (ANOVA) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata (α=0,05) antara perlakuan nodus (Apikal, Aksilar 1, Aksilar 2, Aksilar 3, dan Aksilar 4) dengan rata-rata jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, jumlah daun, dan panjang daun. Hasil uji lanjut Duncan (α=0,05) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata di antara perlakuan nodus. Respon pertumbuhan yang paling cepat dan seragam terkait tinggi tunas, hari tumbuh tunas, jumlah daun, dan panjang daun ditunjukkan oleh nodus tengah, yaitu nodus aksilar 2 dan 3.

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ABSTRACTResearch on cassava shoot multiplication of high beta-carotene Ubi Kuning genotype in vitro culture has been done using two different types of explant sources i.e., apical and four axillary buds grow on MS medium containing 0,75 mgl-1 BAP. The study aims to determine the most responsive node for shoot multiplication. The Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA test showed that various of explants (Apical, Axillary 1, Axillary 2, Axillary 3, and Axillary 4) had significant different (α=0,05) with average value of shoot number, shoot length, leaf number, and leaf length. The Duncan test showed that there was a significant different (α=0,05) between various type of explants. The most rapid growth response that associated with shoot length, leaf number, and leaf length obtained from the 2nd and 3rd axillary buds."