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"his Atlas of Practical Neonatal and Pediatric Procedures is not about little adults. It is the difference that makes this special field such a challenge. The four main areas, where the Pediatric Anesthesiologists and Pediatricians find the going tough, are managing airway, vascular access, postoperative pain and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In the atlas simple explanations, together with appropriate diagrams, tables and images as well as the latest practice and consensus guidelines give an in-depth look at the means of tackling the unique problems present in the pediatric age group."

"Latar Belakang: Ketrampilan menghisap dan koordinasi antara menghisap, menelan dan bernafas belum adekuat belum adekuat pada neonatur prematur. Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) adalah alat ukur yang telah sahih dan andal dalam menilai oromotor skill pada neonatus prematur. Penelitian ini ingin menguji validitas isi dan reliabilitas interrater dan test-retest yang diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa Indonesia yang belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Metode : Desain penelitian ini adalah uji validasi, terdiri dari 16 subjek yang diambil berdasarkan kriteria penerimaan; neonatus prematur, kondisi umum stabil dan diizinkan oleh orang tua dengan mengisi informed consent. Data berupa video saat menyusu diawali dari saat pertama bertemu peneliti hingga usia koreksi 40 minggu. Oromotor skill dinilai dengan NOMAS yang telah diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia. Validitas isi dilakukan dengan proses non-statistik; keandalan intrarater dinilai dengan uji Cohen?s Kappa dan Inter Class Correlation, keandalan interrater dengan uji Cronbach Alpha dan Inter Class Correlation. Hasil : Dari 16 neonatus didapatkan usia gestasi 32-35 minggu dan BBLR 93,75%. Secara isi NOMAS berbahasa Indonesia telah dinyatakan sesuai dengan NOMAS berbahasa Inggris. Keandalan intrarater bernilai baik hingga sempurna (K= 0,6-1,00 dan ICC= 0,4-1,00). Uji keandalan interrater bernilai rendah hingga hampir sempurna (Cronbach?s Alpha = 0,18-0,84 dan ICC= 0,05- 0,80). Kesimpulan : NOMAS berbahasa Indonesia mempunyai validitas isi dan reliabilitas yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai alat ukur oromotor skill pada neonatus prematur. Sebaiknya mengikuti pelatihan NOMAS agar lebih mengusai penggunaan alat ukur ini.

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Background : Sucking skills and the coordination between sucking, swallowing and breathing are inadequate on premature neonates. Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) is a measuring instrument that is both valid and reliable in assessing oromotor skills in premature neonates. The study aims to test the content validity and interrater reliability and test-retest reliability of NOMAS translated to Bahasa Indonesia which has never been done before.

Methods : This study is a validation test, consisting of 16 subjects who were taken using the inclusion criteria; premature neonates, in stable general condition and allowed by their parents to participate in the study by filling out an informed consent. Data was collected in the form of a video taken during feeding, starting from the first meeting with the researcher until 40 weeks corrected age. Oromotor skills was assessed using NOMAS which has been translated into Bahasa Indonesia. Content validity was performed using non-statistical process; intrarater reliability was assessed using Cohen's Kappa test and Inter Class Correlation, and interrater reliability using Cronbach Alpha test and Inter Class Correlation.

Results : Of the 16 neonates, a mean gestation age of 32-35 weeks and low birth weight incidence of 93.75% was found. The content of NOMAS in Bahasa Indonesia has been declared in accordance with NOMAS in English. Intrarater reliability was good to perfect (K= 0,6-1,00 and ICC= 0,4-1,00). Interrater reliability was low to almost perfect (Cronbach?s Alpha = 0,18-0,84 and ICC= 0,05- 0,80).

Conclusion : NOMAS in Bahasa Indoensia has good content validity and reliability and can be used as a measuring tool for oromotor skills in premature neonates. NOMAS training is adviced to master the use of this measure."

"Bengkulu adalah sebuah provinsi di Indonesia terletak pada bagian Barat daya dari Pulau Sumatra. Ras bengkulu relatif lebih terisolasi dibandingkan dengan ras lain di Indonesia karena kebanyakan penduduk bengkulu adalah penduduk asli yang tinggal di Bengkulu dalam waktu yang lama sehingga menghasilkan sampel populasi yang lebih homogen. Faktor genetik merupakan salah satu penyebab kasus hiperbilirubinemia tak terkonjugasi. Berkurangnya aktivitas enzim UGT1A1 pada individu dapat mengurangi konversi bilirubin takterkonjugasi sehingga menyebabkan hiperbilirubinemia. Kami melakukan ekstraksi sampel DNA dari darahyang diambil dari neonatus berberat badan rendah dengan hiperbilirubinemia tak terkonjugasi dari rumah sakit lokal tingkat provinsi di Bengkulu. Hasil dari berbagai studi menunjukkan bahwa Polimorfisme dari sekuens promotor c-3279T > G merupakan salah satu dari faktor terjadinya hiperbilirubinemia. Namun masih kurang adanya penelitian mengenai asosiasi antara variasi genetik dan insidens hiperbilirubinemia meskipun terdapat prevalensi kasus hiperbilirubinemia yang tinggi di Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah terdapat korelasi antara hiperbilirubinemia dengan mutasi pada sekuens promotor c-3279T > G dan melihat variasinya pada sampel yang lebih homogen. Teknik PCR-RFLP digunakan untuk menentukan varian dari sekuens promotor c-3279T > G . 21 Bayi berberat badan lahir rendah telah dikumpulkan dengan frekuensi terjadinya c-3279 T > G adalah sebesar 90,47.

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Bengkulu is a province in Indonesia located on the Southwest of Sumatra Island. Nowadays, Bengkulu race is relatively more isolated compared to the race on other Islands in Indonesia. Most of the citizen in Bengkulu are natives who live in this province for a long time resulting in a more homogenous population samples. We extracted DNA samples from blood received from a local hospital in Bengkulu from low birth weight neonates with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia. Genetic factor is one of the causes of Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. The reduced activity of UGT1A1 could decrease the conversion of unconjugated bilirubine resulting in hyperbilirubinemia. Result of several studies have indicated that the Polymorphism of the promoter sequence c 3279T G gene could be one of the factors for the development of Hyperbilirubinemia. However, there are not enough reports about the association between genetic variation and hyperbilirubinemia incidence despite the high prevalence of the case in Indonesia and in this case Bengkulu. The aim of this study is to observe the association of mutation in promoter sequence c 3279T G gene with Hyperbilirubinemia in a relative homogenous samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR ndash restriction fragment length polymorphism was utilized to determine the variants of the promotor sequence c 3279T G UGT1A1 gene. 21 Neonates were recruited with the frequency of occurence of c 3279 T G is 90,47."

"How to search for evidence -- Epidemiology -- Clinical manifestations -- Laboratory tests -- Rational antibiotic use -- Adjunctive treatment -- Bacterial meningitis -- Respiratory tract infections -- Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis -- Urinary tract infections -- Necrotizing enterocolitis and gastrointestinal infections -- Eye infections -- Skin and soft tissue infections -- Bacterial infections -- Mycoplasmas -- Fungal infections -- Viral infections -- Other congenital infections -- Breast milk -- Surveillance -- Infection control -- Developing countries -- Prevention of neonatal infections -- Neonatal antimicrobials."