Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKPartai politik menjadi organisasi yang turut mendongkrak serta mempertahankan legitimasi kekuasaan bagi Lee Kuan Yew dan Soeharto di Singapura dan Indonesia. Melalui People Action’s Party (PAP) dan Golongan Karya (Golkar) kedua tokoh tersebut mendominasi kekuasaan hingga lebih dari 30 Tahun. Dengan alasan politis, yakni terciptanya stabilitas politik dalam proses pembangunan negara, PAP dan Golkar menjadi salah satu organisasi politik yang mengakar dan mendarah daging di dalam tatanan masyarakat maupun sistem tata kelola pemerintahan. PAP di era Kepemimpin Lee Kuan Yew dan Golkar di era Orde Baru, kepemimpinan Soeharto mampu mendominasi pembentukan perilaku budaya politik masyarakat, sistem kepartaian dan sistem politik karena didesain sedemikian rupa sehingga kedua partai tersebut dapat mengungguli partai oposisi di tiap periodesasi pemilu. Oleh karena itu, kedua negara tersebut, dinilai sebagai negara otoriter atau psedeou-demokrasi bagi beberapa pengamat politik pada era 1960-an hingga 1990-an.Teori yang digunakan didalam penelitian ini adalah teori partai politik menurut Prof. Miriam Budiardjo dan Alan Ware, teori pembangunan negara menurut Lucian Pye, Seymour Martin Lipset, Daniel Bell, dan Samuel P. Huntington, teori hegemoni oleh John Agnew, Afan Gaffar dan Dany Rodan, dan Otoritarianisme oleh Lucan Levitsky. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan studi kepustakaan (literature review) yang digunakan sebagai sumber data primer maupun sekunder.Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa sebagai bentuk dominasi kekuasaan rezim otoriter di Singapura dan Indonesia di era Lee Kuan Yew dan Orde Baru Soeharto, maka dibutuhkan penguatan-penguatan kelembagaan politik, khususnya partai politik, yakni PAP dan Golkar. Sistem kepartaian, hegemonik sebagaimana disampaikan oleh Affan Gafar dilandasakan pada pemahaman dan landasan argumentasi bahwa sistem kepartaian yang tidka membuka ruang kompetisi formal dalam kekuasaan. Partai politik selain PAP di Singapura maupun Golkar di Indonesia diperbolehkan hidup akan tetapi peranya dimarginalkan. Selain dari pada itu, didalam proses pengukuhan dominasi kekuasaan, partai difungsikan untuk mendukung kebijakan di Parlemen yang berhubungan erat didalam konteks budaya politik, sistem politik dan sistem ekonomi sehingga menunjang otoritarianisme tersebut. Stabilitas politik menjadi propaganda untuk melanggengkan kekuasaan. Implikasi teoritis menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan hegemoni partai berkuasa, dan teori pembangunan negara berimplikasi positif didalam strategi PAP dan Golkar untuk memperkokoh kekuasaan politik Singapura dan Indonesia.

---

ABSTRACTPolitical party as an organization was relied by Lee Kuan Yew and Soeharto to gain power legitimacy in Singapore and Indonesia. Through People's Action Party (PAP) and Golongan Karya (Golkar), both figures had dominated for over 30 years. For political reasons, political stability in the process of nation development, PAP and Golkar played an intensive role in the public society as part of the government. PAP during Lee Kuan Yew's leadership and Golkar in the New Order through Soeharto's leadership were able to shape up the political culture of the society, the party system and even the political system because of how they managed to adapt and designed their political and were able to hold on until several elections. This resulted to the forming of a authoritarian or some would say a psedeou-democracy in the year of 1960s to 1990s.Theories that were used, party politic by Prof. Miriam Budiardjo and Alan Ware, nation building by Lucian Pye, Seymour Martin Lipset, Daniel Bell, and Samuel P. Huntington, theory of hegemony by John Agnew, Afan Gaffar and Dany Rodan, and also theory of authoritarianism by Lucan Levitsky. This research were made through qualitative method and also consists of some literature review as a secondary data.Conclusion of the research showed that, PAP as a dominant force in Lee Kuan Yew era and Golkar on the other hand in Soeharto era needed strengthening through several political institutions. The hegemonic party system that was defined by Affan Gafar focused on the understanding and the argumentation that the parties were able to obstruct fair political competition in the country. Opposition parties in Singapore and Indonesia were allowed to operate but were marginally outcast in the political competition. Moreover, in the process of gaining political dominance, party was functioned to support public policies in the Parliament and that had a significant relation in the shaping of political culture, political and economic system in the country, so much so that they turned into authoritarian. Political stability is the key to retaining power in their (PAP and Golkar) propaganda.Theoritical implication showed that the hegemonic ruling party and the theory of national building had a positive impact in the strategical process of PAP and Golkar."

"Derasnya arus informasi di media sosial berdampak pada kemunculan berita palsu dan menyebabkan konflik di masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, beberapa negara mengeluarkan regulasi untuk mengatur berita palsu, termasuk Singapura dengan kebijakan POFMA (Protection of Falsehood and Manipulation Act). POFMA diberlakukan kepada oposisi hingga masyarakat umum. POFMA juga diberlakukan pada masa Pemilihan Umum 2020 yang dimenangkan oleh partai berkuasa People’s Action Party (PAP) dalam kondisi Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa POFMA dimanfaatkan oleh PAP sebagai salah satu cara untuk mempertahankan kekuasaannya. Sebelum POFMA dibentuk, PAP telah melakukan kontrol politik terhadap oposisi dalam struktur negara dan media massa serta masyarakat umum dengan pembentukan lembaga, skema pemilu, dan kebijakan yang membatasi kebebasan. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan teori three pillars of stability milik Gerschewski yang membahas tiga pilar penting yang saling berkaitan untuk mempertahankan stabilitas rezim, yaitu pilar legitimasi, kooptasi, dan represi. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data yang bersumber dari studi pustaka berupa buku, jurnal, dokumen resmi, dan website. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pilar legitimasi didapatkan melalui survei persepsi masyarakat terhadap berita palsu, green paper, public hearing, dan dukungan masyarakat setelah POFMA disahkan. Masyarakat mendukung POFMA karena berperan dalam mengatasi berita palsu terutama dalam isu kepentingan publik. Pilar kooptasi dapat dilihat melalui kooptasi perusahaan media sosial, POFMA Office, dan civil servants. Pilar represi diperlihatkan melalui topik kasus yang diberlakukan POFMA, jenis koreksi yang dikeluarkan, dan pihak-pihak yang mendapat pemberlakuan POFMA. Kata kunci: POFMA, Mempertahankan Kekuasaan PAP, Pemilihan Umum 2020.

---

The rapid flow of information on social media has an impact on the emergence of fake news and causes conflict in society. Therefore, several countries have issued regulations to regulate fake news, including Singapore with the POFMA (Protection of Falsehood and Manipulation Act) policy. POFMA applies to the opposition until the general public. POFMA was also implemented during the 2020 General Election which was won by the ruling People's Action Party (PAP) during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study argues that POFMA is used by PAP as a way to maintain its power. Before POFMA was formed, the PAP had exercised political control over the opposition in the state structure and the mass media as well as the general public by establishing institutions, electoral schemes, and policies that limited freedom. This study was analyzed using Gerschewski's theory of three pillars of stability which discusses three important interrelated pillars to maintain regime stability, namely the pillars of legitimacy, co-optation, and repression. The research uses qualitative methods with data collection sourced from literature studies in the form of books, journals, official documents, and websites. The results showed that the pillars of legitimacy were obtained through a survey of public perceptions of fake news, green papers, public hearings, and community support after POFMA was ratified. The community supports POFMA because it plays a role in overcoming fake news, especially in issues of public interest. The pillar of co-optation can be seen through the co-optation of social media companies, POFMA Office, and civil servants. The pillars of repression are shown through the topics of the cases imposed by POFMA, the types of corrections issued, and the parties to whom POFMA is enforced. Keywords: POFMA, Maintaining PAP's Power, General Election 2020."

"Penelitian ini membahas Peran Partai Al-Nahdhah dalam Rekonsiliasi Politik di Tunisia Tahun 2011-2015. Partai Al-Nahdhah merupakan partai Islam pemenang Pemilu pertama di Tunisia pasca revolusi 2011 dan berhasil memainkan peran penting dalam proses transisi politik Tunisia dengan merangkul semua golongan yang berbeda metode perjuangan dengan mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menjelaskan secara kualitatif fenomena yang diamati. Analisis Deskriptif digunakan untuk menginterpretasi data empiris menjadi kata-kata sebagai gambaran laporan penelitian. Untuk mendapatkan data yang akan dianalisis, penulis menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, dokumen, dan informasi audio visual. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan bagaimana peran dan capaian yang berhasil diraih partai Al-Nahdhah dalam rekonsiliasi politik di Tunisia tahun 2011-2015 dengan menerapkan pembuktian teori dan kerangka konsep yang menjelaskan tentang rekonsiliasi politik. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan konstribusi baru mengenai peran partai politik Islam Al-Nahdhah dalam kontestasi politik Tunisia pasca Rezim Ben Ali dan upayanya dalam rekonsiliasi politik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa Al-Nahdhah berhasil memainkan peran penting dalam upaya rekonsiliasi politik di Tunisia pasca revolusi 2011.

---

This research aims to examine the role of Al Nahdhah Party rsquo in Tunisia rsquo s Political Reconciliation in 2011 2015 period. Al Nahdhah is an Islamic party that has won the first election in post revolutionary Tunisia in 2011 and managed to play an important role in the political transition process to embrace all different classes to have a common goal to struggle with them. In addition, there is no studies yet that have specifically discussed the political reconciliation efforts by a political party as a method to improve relations between the divided political factions in Tunisia rsquo s political context. The analysis of this research uses qualitative methods to explain the observed phenomena qualitatively. Descriptive analysis is used to interpret the empirical data into words and as an overview of the research report. To get the data that will be analyze, the authors used data collection methods such as interviews, documents, and audio visual information. The purpose of this study explain how the role and achievements that were achieved by the Al Nahdhah party in Tunisia rsquo s political reconciliation in 2011 2015 periods by applying the theory and the conceptual framework that explains about political reconciliation. This research is expected to provide a new contribution on the role of Al Nahdhah Islamic political party in Tunisia rsquo s political contestation after Ben Ali regime and its efforts in political reconciliation. The result assumed that Al Nahdhah has an important role in Tunisia rsquo s political reconciliation after the revolution. "

""