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"[ABSTRAK Dominasi politik yang dilakukan Bashar al Assad melanjutkan kepemempinan Hafiz al Assad selama dua periode kepemimpinan menimbulkan gejolak politik dalam negeri Suriah Bashar Al Assad yang didukung oleh Partai Ba rsquo ats dan militer dengan berbagai kebijakan dalam negeri dan luar negerinya tidak mampu membendung konflik politik yang terjadi Konflik politik yang meletus pada tahun 2011 sampai sekarang telah menimbulkan korban dan meruntuhkan sendi kehidupan di Suriah Konflik politik yang terjadi di Suriah juga dianggap bagian dari rencana Arab Spring Dominasi politik yang dilakukan oleh bashar al Assad dianalisis dengan pendekatan teori Max Weber. Dominasi politik yang dijelaskan dengan teori dominasi tradisional kharismatik dan legal rasional Konflik politik yang terjadi melibatkan banyak pihak baik pihak dalam negeri Suriah sendiri maupun pihak luar negeri dimana bisa dilihat beberapa negara Amerika Serikat Rusia Cina Iran Turki dll Hampir semua Negara yang terlibat dalam konflik Suriah memiliki kepentingan dan diantara kepentingan yang bermain dalam konflik tersebut dapat di klasifikasi dalam kepentingan ekonomi stabilitas kawasan dan politik luar negeri Kata kunci Dominasi Politik Bashar al Assad arab spring konflik politik dan kepentingan,

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ABSTRACTPolitical domination undertaken Bashar al Assad continued leadership of Hafiz al Assad during two periods of the leadership of the political turmoil in the country of Syria Bashar Al Assad that is supported by the Ba 39 ath Party and the military with a wide range of domestic and foreign policy of the country was not able to stem the political conflict The political conflict that erupted in 2011 until now has caused the victims and undermine the joint life in Syria Political conflict in Syria is also considered part of the plan of the Arab Spring Political domination undertaken by Bashar al Assad analyzed with Max Weber 39 s theory approach Political domination described by the theory of traditional domination charismatic and rational legal Political conflict involving many parties both parties in Syria it self and the country abroad where can be seen a few countries United States Russia China Iran Turkey etc Almost all the countries involved in the Syrian conflict has an interest and between the interests at play in these conflicts can be in the classification in economic interests political stability in the region and abroad ;Political domination undertaken Bashar al Assad continued leadership of Hafiz al Assad during two periods of the leadership of the political turmoil in the country of Syria Bashar Al Assad that is supported by the Ba 39 ath Party and the military with a wide range of domestic and foreign policy of the country was not able to stem the political conflict The political conflict that erupted in 2011 until now has caused the victims and undermine the joint life in Syria Political conflict in Syria is also considered part of the plan of the Arab Spring Political domination undertaken by Bashar al Assad analyzed with Max Weber 39 s theory approach Political domination described by the theory of traditional domination charismatic and rational legal Political conflict involving many parties both parties in Syria it self and the country abroad where can be seen a few countries United States Russia China Iran Turkey etc Almost all the countries involved in the Syrian conflict has an interest and between the interests at play in these conflicts can be in the classification in economic interests political stability in the region and abroad ;Political domination undertaken Bashar al Assad continued leadership of Hafiz al Assad during two periods of the leadership of the political turmoil in the country of Syria Bashar Al Assad that is supported by the Ba 39 ath Party and the military with a wide range of domestic and foreign policy of the country was not able to stem the political conflict The political conflict that erupted in 2011 until now has caused the victims and undermine the joint life in Syria Political conflict in Syria is also considered part of the plan of the Arab Spring Political domination undertaken by Bashar al Assad analyzed with Max Weber 39 s theory approach Political domination described by the theory of traditional domination charismatic and rational legal Political conflict involving many parties both parties in Syria it self and the country abroad where can be seen a few countries United States Russia China Iran Turkey etc Almost all the countries involved in the Syrian conflict has an interest and between the interests at play in these conflicts can be in the classification in economic interests political stability in the region and abroad ;Political domination undertaken Bashar al Assad continued leadership of Hafiz al Assad during two periods of the leadership of the political turmoil in the country of Syria Bashar Al Assad that is supported by the Ba 39 ath Party and the military with a wide range of domestic and foreign policy of the country was not able to stem the political conflict The political conflict that erupted in 2011 until now has caused the victims and undermine the joint life in Syria Political conflict in Syria is also considered part of the plan of the Arab Spring Political domination undertaken by Bashar al Assad analyzed with Max Weber 39 s theory approach Political domination described by the theory of traditional domination charismatic and rational legal Political conflict involving many parties both parties in Syria it self and the country abroad where can be seen a few countries United States Russia China Iran Turkey etc Almost all the countries involved in the Syrian conflict has an interest and between the interests at play in these conflicts can be in the classification in economic interests political stability in the region and abroad ;Political domination undertaken Bashar al Assad continued leadership of Hafiz al Assad during two periods of the leadership of the political turmoil in the country of Syria Bashar Al Assad that is supported by the Ba 39 ath Party and the military with a wide range of domestic and foreign policy of the country was not able to stem the political conflict The political conflict that erupted in 2011 until now has caused the victims and undermine the joint life in Syria Political conflict in Syria is also considered part of the plan of the Arab Spring Political domination undertaken by Bashar al Assad analyzed with Max Weber 39 s theory approach Political domination described by the theory of traditional domination charismatic and rational legal Political conflict involving many parties both parties in Syria it self and the country abroad where can be seen a few countries United States Russia China Iran Turkey etc Almost all the countries involved in the Syrian conflict has an interest and between the interests at play in these conflicts can be in the classification in economic interests political stability in the region and abroad , Political domination undertaken Bashar al Assad continued leadership of Hafiz al Assad during two periods of the leadership of the political turmoil in the country of Syria Bashar Al Assad that is supported by the Ba 39 ath Party and the military with a wide range of domestic and foreign policy of the country was not able to stem the political conflict The political conflict that erupted in 2011 until now has caused the victims and undermine the joint life in Syria Political conflict in Syria is also considered part of the plan of the Arab Spring Political domination undertaken by Bashar al Assad analyzed with Max Weber 39 s theory approach Political domination described by the theory of traditional domination charismatic and rational legal Political conflict involving many parties both parties in Syria it self and the country abroad where can be seen a few countries United States Russia China Iran Turkey etc Almost all the countries involved in the Syrian conflict has an interest and between the interests at play in these conflicts can be in the classification in economic interests political stability in the region and abroad ]"

"[Empat tahun sejak dimulainya pemberontakan, Suriah masih terjebakdalam perang sipil yang telah menghancurkan setiap segi wilayahnya. Jumlah korban tewas melampaui 200.000 jiwa, akan tetapi solusi politik masih jauh dari harapan. Penelitian ini menyoroti bagaimana persepsi ancaman, internal dan eksternal, mempengaruhi perilaku rezim Bashar al-Asad dalam upayanya mempertahankan legitimasi politiknya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami proses pembuatan kebijakan oleh pemerintah pada situasi krisis dan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana perang sipil yang berkepanjangan disebabkan oleh kesediaan rezim yang berkuasa untuk mengadopsi kebijakan berisikosekalipun untuk melanggengkan kekuasaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa untuk memahami kompleksitas perang sipil, diperlukan kajian dari berbagai sudut pandang, termasuk perspektif rezim yang berkuasa, untuk menemukan solusi politik yang terbaik bagi tercapainya resolusi konflik.;Four years since the start of its uprising, Syria is still caught in a civil war that has torn every facet of the country. The death toll has exceeded 200.000 lives with no political solution in sights. This research highlights on how threats perceptions, both internal and external, affect behavior of Bashar al-Asad’s regime in order to protect its political legitimacy. The purpose of this research is to understand policy-making process by a government during crisis and to explore on how a long-lasted civil war is caused by the will of the government to have a risky policy for its survival. This research is done by qualitative method with a case study approach. The researcher suggest that to understand the complexity of civil war, the other analysts shall look from many angles, including government’s perspective, to find any political solution that may best resolve the conflict., Four years since the start of its uprising, Syria is still caught in a civil warthat has torn every facet of the country. The death toll has exceeded 200.000 liveswith no political solution in sights. This research highlights on how threatsperceptions, both internal and external, affect behavior of Bashar al-Asad’sregime in order to protect its political legitimacy. The purpose of this research isto understand policy-making process by a government during crisis and to exploreon how a long-lasted civil war is caused by the will of the government to have arisky policy for its survival. This research is done by qualitative method with acase study approach. The researcher suggest that to understand the complexity ofcivil war, the other analysts shall look from many angles, including government’sperspective, to find any political solution that may best resolve the conflict.]"

"Skripsi ini bertujuan menganalisa faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kemenangan Jabhat Al-Nusra dalam Anfal Campaign di Kassab, Suriah, 21-23 Maret 2014. Pemahaman militer konvensional melihat bahwa aktor dengan power yang lebih unggul akan memenangkan perang. Namun, Jabhat Al-Nusra yang kapabilitas power nya relatif lebih lemah dibandingkan dengan pihak rezim Bashar Al-Assad dapat memenangkan pertempuran di Kassab. Penelitian ini menganalisis menggunakan teori asymmetric warfare oleh Patricia L. Sullivan dan merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode process tracing. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemenangan di Kassab diakibatkan oleh besarnya toleransi biaya dari JN karena bantuan dari Tier JN dan Turki.

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This undergraduate thesis seeks to analyze the cause of Jabhat Al-Nusra`s winning on Anfal Campaign in Kassab, Syria, March 21st-23rd, 2014. According to the conventional military understanding, those who have military superiorities will inevitably win the war. However, Jabhat Al-Nusra as a military oppoisition as a weak actor against Bashar Al-Assad`s regime as a strong actor, could win the battle on Anfal Campaign in Kassab. On making the analysis, this research is using the asymmetric wafare theory by Patricia L. Sullivan and done in a process tracing method. This research shows that JN has a greater cost tolerance because there were several supports from JN`s Tier and Turkey which helped JN in winning the battle against regime."