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"ABSTRAKPenetapan kebijakan Doi Moi di Vietnam merupakan langkah awal dari Partai Komunis Vietnam untuk menaikkan perekonomian negara. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan cara mengubah sistem perekonomian sentralistik menjadi desentralistik dan membuka liberalisasi perdagangan. Penerapan Doi Moi tidak hanya berdampak pada sektor ekonomi, namun juga pada sektor kesehatan yang ditunjukan dengan adanya ketidakmerataan akses terhadap layanan kesehatan. Pemerintah selanjutnya mengeluarkan Dekrit 43 Tahun 2006 mengenai otonomisasi badan usaha publik, termasuk rumah sakit. Kebijakan tersebut diharapkan berfungsi sebagai solusi atas permasalan layanan kesehatan pada saat itu. Penulisan ini akan menganalisis implementasi Dekrit 43 tahun 2006 dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif serta teori implementasi kebijakan publik yang digagas oleh Daniel A. Mazmanian dan Paul A. Sabatier. Hasil dari temuan penelitian ini adalah pemberian otonomi tersebut dianggap tidak berhasil karena masih terdapat komersialisasi layanan kesehatan, sehingga menyebabkan ketidakmerataan layanan kesehatan.

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ABSTRACTThe implementation of Doi Moi`s policy in Vietnam is the first step of the Communist Party of Vietnam to raise the country`s economy, by transforming the centralized economic system into a decentralized system and opening trade liberalization. The implementation of Doi Moi not only affects the economic sector, but also the health sector as indicated by the inequity of access to the health services. The government subsequently issued Decree 43 of 2006 about the autonomization of public business entities including hospitals. The policy is expected to work as a solution to health care problems at the time. However, after the policy is running, there is still commercialization of health services, so that the implementation of health care policy fails. Based on the problems, this paper will analyze the implementation of Decree 43 of 2006, using a qualitative approach and the theory of public policy implementation created by Daniel A. Mazmanian and Paul A. Sabatier. The finding of this study is that the provision of autonomization towards public health care is unsuccessful. Considering after the implementation of the policy, the commercialization of health services is still there, causing an inequality of health services."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas mengenai hal-hal yang memengaruhi sikap masyarakat terhadap kebijakan pemerintah dengan memperhitungkan sosok pemimpin yang memimpin pemerintahan tersebut. Dua konsep yang diukur adalah konsep kredibilitas sumber Source Credibility) dan daya tarik sumber (Source Attractiveness). Jika kebijakan dianalogikan sebagai produk setiap pemerintahan, maka dibutuhkan seseorang yang memilki kredibilitas dan daya tarik di mata masyarakat agar pesan yang disampaikan oleh pemerintah tersebut dapat diterima dengan baik oleh masyarakat. Sehingga dengan kredibilitas dan daya tarik yang tinggi, hendaknya setiap kebijakan yang diambil mampu dianggap positif oleh masyarakat.Berdasarkan paparan tadi penelitian ini meneliti Hubungan Kredibilitas Sumber (Source Kredibility) dan Daya Tarik Sumber (Source Attractiveness) Dengan Sikap Masyarakat Pada Kebijakan Pemerintah di Kota Surabaya, di bawah pimpinan Ibu Tri Rismaharini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menguji pengaruh antara variabel-variabel terkait pembentukan sikap positif masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh adanya kredibilitas sumber dan daya tarik sumber..Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain eksplanatif, responden pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Ilmu Politik Universitas Airlangga Surabaya berjumlah 136 orang yang ditarik secara acak sederhana (simle random) pada populasi keseluruhan mahasiswa 2012-2013 yang berjumlah 214 orang. Metode analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi berganda untuk membuktikan hipotesis dalam penelitian ini.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan dari variable-variabel yang diuji dimana variable Kredibilitas Sumber (Source Kredibility) dan Daya Tarik Sumber (Source Attractiveness) masing masing memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dan positif terhadap sikap masyarakat pada kebijakan pemerintah Surabaya. Pada pengujian koefisien determinasi juga ditemukan bahwa total variable sikap dapat dijelaskan sangat tinggi oleh variable Kredibilitas Sumber (Source Kredibility) dan Daya Tarik Sumber (Source Attractiveness), dimana kedua variable ini juga dipastikan memiliki pengeruh secara bersama-sama dalam pembentukan sikap.

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ABSTRACTThis research discouses the thins that affect public demeanour towards government policy by considering a leader who leads government. Two concepts measured related to the role of the leader in the contex of political communicators in estabilishing positive public demeanour towards the policy is source credibility concept nad source attranctiveness concept. If the policy is analogue as a product of each government, it takes someone who has the credibility and attractiveness on the public, so that the messages delivered by government can be well received by the public. High credibility and attractiveness will make the public consider the policy positive.This research study the relation of source credibility and source attractiveness with public demeanour on government policy in Surabaya under the ledearship of Mrs. Tri Rismaharini. This research?s purpose is to identify and examine the influence of the variables related to estabilishment of positive demeanor of public caused by the presence of source credibility and source attractiveness.This research is a quantitative research with explanatory design. The respondents in this study were students of political science in University of Airlangga amounted 136 people drawn randomly (simple random) in the overall population of students from year 2012 an 2013 which amounted 214 people. Methods of data analysisconducted by descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis that prove this hypothesis.The research showed that there is positive and significant influence of the variables examined. Each source credibility and source attractiveness variables has significant and positive influences on public demeanour towards government policies in Surabaya. Coefficient of determination showed that the total of demeanour variable can be explained by source credibility and source attractiveness variables, which is also confirmed both variables have influenced collectively in the demeanour estabilishment.;This research discouses the thins that affect public demeanour towards government policy by considering a leader who leads government. Two concepts measured related to the role of the leader in the contex of political communicators in estabilishing positive public demeanour towards the policy is source credibility concept nad source attranctiveness concept. If the policy is analogue as a product of each government, it takes someone who has the credibility and attractiveness on the public, so that the messages delivered by government can be well received by the public. High credibility and attractiveness will make the public consider the policy positive.This research study the relation of source credibility and source attractiveness with public demeanour on government policy in Surabaya under the ledearship of Mrs. Tri Rismaharini. This research?s purpose is to identify and examine the influence of the variables related to estabilishment of positive demeanor of public caused by the presence of source credibility and source attractiveness.This research is a quantitative research with explanatory design. The respondents in this study were students of political science in University of Airlangga amounted 136 people drawn randomly (simple random) in the overall population of students from year 2012 an 2013 which amounted 214 people. Methods of data analysisconducted by descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis that prove this hypothesis.The research showed that there is positive and significant influence of the variables examined. Each source credibility and source attractiveness variables has significant and positive influences on public demeanour towards government policies in Surabaya. Coefficient of determination showed that the total of demeanour variable can be explained by source credibility and source attractiveness variables, which is also confirmed both variables have influenced collectively in the demeanour estabilishment.;This research discouses the thins that affect public demeanour towards government policy by considering a leader who leads government. Two concepts measured related to the role of the leader in the contex of political communicators in estabilishing positive public demeanour towards the policy is source credibility concept nad source attranctiveness concept. If the policy is analogue as a product of each government, it takes someone who has the credibility and attractiveness on the public, so that the messages delivered by government can be well received by the public. High credibility and attractiveness will make the public consider the policy positive.This research study the relation of source credibility and source attractiveness with public demeanour on government policy in Surabaya under the ledearship of Mrs. Tri Rismaharini. This research?s purpose is to identify and examine the influence of the variables related to estabilishment of positive demeanor of public caused by the presence of source credibility and source attractiveness.This research is a quantitative research with explanatory design. The respondents in this study were students of political science in University of Airlangga amounted 136 people drawn randomly (simple random) in the overall population of students from year 2012 an 2013 which amounted 214 people. Methods of data analysisconducted by descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis that prove this hypothesis.The research showed that there is positive and significant influence of the variables examined. Each source credibility and source attractiveness variables has significant and positive influences on public demeanour towards government policies in Surabaya. Coefficient of determination showed that the total of demeanour variable can be explained by source credibility and source attractiveness variables, which is also confirmed both variables have influenced collectively in the demeanour estabilishment.;This research discouses the thins that affect public demeanour towards government policy by considering a leader who leads government. Two concepts measured related to the role of the leader in the contex of political communicators in estabilishing positive public demeanour towards the policy is source credibility concept nad source attranctiveness concept. If the policy is analogue as a product of each government, it takes someone who has the credibility and attractiveness on the public, so that the messages delivered by government can be well received by the public. High credibility and attractiveness will make the public consider the policy positive.This research study the relation of source credibility and source attractiveness with public demeanour on government policy in Surabaya under the ledearship of Mrs. Tri Rismaharini. This research’s purpose is to identify and examine the influence of the variables related to estabilishment of positive demeanor of public caused by the presence of source credibility and source attractiveness.This research is a quantitative research with explanatory design. The respondents in this study were students of political science in University of Airlangga amounted 136 people drawn randomly (simple random) in the overall population of students from year 2012 an 2013 which amounted 214 people. Methods of data analysisconducted by descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis that prove this hypothesis.The research showed that there is positive and significant influence of the variables examined. Each source credibility and source attractiveness variables has significant and positive influences on public demeanour towards government policies in Surabaya. Coefficient of determination showed that the total of demeanour variable can be explained by source credibility and source attractiveness variables, which is also confirmed both variables have influenced collectively in the demeanour estabilishment., This research discouses the thins that affect public demeanour towards government policy by considering a leader who leads government. Two concepts measured related to the role of the leader in the contex of political communicators in estabilishing positive public demeanour towards the policy is source credibility concept nad source attranctiveness concept. If the policy is analogue as a product of each government, it takes someone who has the credibility and attractiveness on the public, so that the messages delivered by government can be well received by the public. High credibility and attractiveness will make the public consider the policy positive.This research study the relation of source credibility and source attractiveness with public demeanour on government policy in Surabaya under the ledearship of Mrs. Tri Rismaharini. This research’s purpose is to identify and examine the influence of the variables related to estabilishment of positive demeanor of public caused by the presence of source credibility and source attractiveness.This research is a quantitative research with explanatory design. The respondents in this study were students of political science in University of Airlangga amounted 136 people drawn randomly (simple random) in the overall population of students from year 2012 an 2013 which amounted 214 people. Methods of data analysisconducted by descriptive statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis that prove this hypothesis.The research showed that there is positive and significant influence of the variables examined. Each source credibility and source attractiveness variables has significant and positive influences on public demeanour towards government policies in Surabaya. Coefficient of determination showed that the total of demeanour variable can be explained by source credibility and source attractiveness variables, which is also confirmed both variables have influenced collectively in the demeanour estabilishment.]"

"Propinsi DKI Jakarta dengan jumlah penduduk 8,3 juta jiwa dengan titik berat kewenangan pemerintahan dilimpahkan kepada Gubernur selaku wakil pemerintah pusat, memiliki misi mewujudkan Jakarta sebagai ibukota Republik Indonesia yang manusiawi, efisien dan berdaya saing global, dihuni oleh masyarakat yang partisipasif, berahlak, sejahtera dan berbudaya, dalam Iingkungan kehidupan yang aman dan berkelanjutan. Sedangkan misi Pemerintah Propinsi DKI Jakarta adalah untuk meningkatkan pembangunan sarana dan prasarana kota yang efisien, mewujudkan pembangunan yang berbasis partisipasi masyarakat, meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan dan kerukunan warga kota, menegakkan supremasi hukum serta melaksanakan pengelolaan tata pemerintahan yang baik.Dalam rangka mewujudkan fungsi pembangunan kewilayahan dan strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat, Pemerintah Propinsi DKI Jakarta mengeluarkan kebijakan dalam model perencanaan pembangunan melalui Forum Pengkajian Perencanaan Tahunan yang Iangsung diimplementasikan di masyarakat, dimulai dari tingkat kelurahan, kecamatan dan kotamadya untuk selanjutnya memasuki proses penyusunan dan pengesahan APBD di tingkat propinsi melalui mekanisme yang ada.Kondisi tersebut tentunya menuntut Pemerintah Propinsi DKI Jakarta mengeluarkan kebijakan baru dalam proses perencanaan pembangunan. Dengan dikeluarkannya Surat Edaran Gubernur DKI Jakarta Nomor 22/SE/2004 tantang Petunjuk Penyelenggaraan Forum Kelurahan, Konsolidasi Kecamatan dan Forum Kotamadya/Kabupaten, diharapkan akan mampu meningkatkan peran serta dan kapasitas masyarakat dalam perencanaan pembangunan.Sejalan dengan proses dan mekanisme Forum Pengkajian Perencanaan Tahun 2004 di masyarakat, ternyata kebijakan Pemda Propinsi DKI Jakarta sebagai strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat berdampak positif dan negatif didalam pelaksanaannya. Sisi positif dari kebijakan tersebut ditandai dengan tumbuhnya peran lembaga masyarakat yaitu Dewan Kelurahan dalam proses pelaksanaan kegiatan serta adanya proses pembelajaran bagi masyarakat mengenai fenomena dan problem perencanaan.Sedangkan sisi negatifnya adalah semakin menurunnya tingkat kepercayaan masyarakat kepada pemerintah dalam proses perencanaan pembangunan yang mana hat ini diakibatkan banyaknya usulan masyarakat yang tidak terealisasi dalam pembangunan tahun berjalan. Hal lain yang menjadi permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan Forum Pengkajian Perencanaan Tahun 2004 adalah kesiapan aparat pelaksana di tingkat kelurahan, kecamatan dan kotamadya dalam menyikapi proses perubahan perencanaan pembangunan, dimana kondisi aparat pelaksana masih kurang memahami permasalahan yang timbul sejalan dengan pelaksanaan Forum Pengkajian Perencanaan Tahun 2004."

"Keterbatasan akses terhadap air berslh akan berdampak secara langsung maupun tidak langsung pada berbagai dimensi kemiskinan, diantaranya pengurangan pendapatan, sanitasi yang buruk, derajat kesehatan yang rendah, bahkan ketimpangan jender. Harga yang harus dibayar oleh rumah tangga miskin untuk mendapatkan air umumnya mempunyai share yang besar (Iebih dari 20%) dalam pengeluaran rumah tangga miskin.Mengapa kaum miskin membayar Iebih banyak untuk mendapat air? Starting-point untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut adaiah karena adanya kelangkaan air di suatu wilayah. Pada hampir semua wilayah yang mempunyai problem keterbatasan air berslh, perjuangan rutin untuk akses air bersih merupakan upaya yang dapat menguras keuangan, aset fisik, serta kehidupan bagi rumahtangga miskin.Sebagai salah satu kabupaten yang terluas di Propinsi D.I. Yogyakarta, Kabupaten Gunungkldul mempunyai masalah yang terkalt dengan kekeringan dan kemiskinan. Dua masalah tersebut bahkan menjadi cirikhas untuk menggambarkan kondisi Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Implikasi dari kondisl tersebut maka upaya pemenuhan air bersih bagi masyarakat miskin merupakan salah Satu prioritas kebijakan yang harus diatasi terutama oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Gunungkidul.Analisis kebijakan pemenuhan air berslh bagi masyarakat miskin ciriakukan dengan menggunakan metode AHP. Untuk menentukan kebijakan yang akan dipilih dilakukan dengan menyusun hirarki model perencanaan. Agar perencanaan Ieblh efektif digunakan penggabungan hira rki bentuk standar dari forward-backward process. Dalam kerangka modet perencanaan dengan metode Ai-IP, untuk memperluas akses air bersih bagi masyarakat miskin di Gunungkidul diperoleh lima pilihan kebijakan yang optimal, yakni : fasilitasi teknologi tepat guna, pembangunan sarana air bersih, penguatan kelemoagaan, pemoerian oantuan/suosicii, Serta teraimir pengelolaan air berslh skaia Iokai."

"Skripsi ini menjelaskan mengenai implementasi kebijakan pendirian kawasan berikat berdasarkan PMK.147/PMK.04/2011. Malalui pasal 4 Peraturan Menteri Keuangan tersebut, diuraikan mengenai ketentuan-ketentuan mengenai persyaratatn pendirian kawasan berikat. Penelitian yang mendasari skripsi menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan masalah. Sedangkan teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mencakup kebijakan publik, konsep perdangangan internasional, insentif pajak, konsep kepabeanan dan konsep kawasan berikat. Melalui Peraturan Menteri Kuangan yaitu PMK 147/PMK.04/2011 yang tertuang dalam pasal 4, pemerintah melakukan upaya untuk melokasikan kawasan berikat pada wilayah kawasan industri atau pada kawasan budidaya namun dengan syarat-syarat tertentu dan harus mempunyai luas lebih dari 10.000 m2. Upaya ini dilakukan tidak hanya untuk mengembalikan hakikat kawasan berikat yang sesuai dengan Undang-undang namun juga salah satu upaya penertiban serta pengontrolan kawasan berikat.

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This research describes the implementation of policy stance based on Finance Minister Regulation (PMK.147/PMK.04/2011) bonded area. Through Article 4 of Regulation of the Finance Minister, outlined the provisions regarding the requirements of bonded zone establishment. The underlying research using qualitative methods by describing the problem. While the theory used in this research include public policy, international trade concept, tax incentives, customs concepts and bonded zone concepts. Through the Finance Minister Regulation contained in Article 4, the government made efforts to locate the bonded area in the industrial park area or on cultivated area, but with certain conditions and must have an area of over 10,000 m2. This effort is not only to restore the nature of the bonded area in accordance with the Act, but also an effort to curb and the bonded zone control"

"Kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka ditetapkan berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi dengan pedoman Nomor 262/M/2022 tentang Perubahan Atas Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Nomor 56/M/2022 tentang Pedoman Penerapan Kurikulum dalam Rangka Pemulihan Pembelajaran dengan tujuan mengatasi learning loss. Learning loss merupakan ketertinggalan hingga hilangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang sebelumnya telah dipelajari siswa yang mana learning loss pada siswa SMAN di Jakarta Utara dipicu oleh tingginya tingkat putus sekolah serta dominasi latar belakang ekonomi tidak mampu, yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi Kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka belajar pada SMAN di Jakarta Utara dalam mengatasi Learning Loss berdasarkan perspektif Guru dengan menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan publik oleh Van Meter dan Van Horn (1975). Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif post positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi Kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka berdasarkan perspektif guru dinilai mampu mengatasi learning loss. Hasil capaian belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan selama menggunakan Kurikulum Merdeka. Selain itu, kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka telah memiliki standarisasi dan tujuan yang jelas, adanya koordinasi, dan terdapat buku pedoman bagi guru untuk mengajar. Guru memahami dan mendukung implementasi dalam mengatasi learning loss melalui adanya upaya pemberian metode dan materi pembelajaran sesuai kebutuhan siswa. Meskipun begitu, terdapat beberapa aspek yang perlu menjadi perhatian yakni belum sepenuhnya guru ingin belajar serta kurangnya jumlah guru dalam menerapkan kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka guna mengatasi learning loss pada SMAN Jakarta Utara. Rekomendasi yang diberikan yakni memperkuat koordinasi dan sinergitas Kemendikbud Ristek, Sudin Jakarta Utara, hingga guru SMAN untuk menyelenggarakan pembukaan Pegawai Pemerintah dengan perjanjian Kontrak (PPPK), melaksanakan kolaborasi antar sekolah untuk mengatasi keterbatasan guru, dan mengoptimalkan penggunaan PMM dalam penerapan kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka.

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The Merdeka Curriculum Policy is established based on the Decree of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology with guideline Number 262/M/2022, amending the Decree of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology Number 56/M/2022 on Guidelines for Curriculum Implementation in the Context of Learning Recovery, with the aim of addressing learning loss. Learning loss refers to the lag or loss of knowledge and skills previously acquired by students, which in the case of students at SMAN in North Jakarta is triggered by high dropout rates and the dominance of economically disadvantaged backgrounds, significantly affecting the learning process. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum Policy at SMAN in North Jakarta in overcoming Learning Loss from the perspective of teachers using the public policy implementation theory by Van Meter and Van Horn (1975). The method used is qualitative post-positivist with deep interview data collection techniques and literature studies. The results show that the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum Policy from the perspective of teachers is considered effective in addressing learning loss. Student learning outcomes have improved during the use of the Merdeka Curriculum. Furthermore, the Merdeka Curriculum policy has clear standards and goals, coordination, and there are teaching guidelines for teachers. Teachers understand and support the implementation in addressing learning loss through efforts to provide teaching methods and materials according to student needs. However, there are some aspects that need attention, namely that not all teachers are fully willing to learn and there is a shortage of teachers in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum policy to address learning loss at SMAN in North Jakarta. The recommendations given are to strengthen coordination and synergy between the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, the North Jakarta Education Office, and SMAN teachers to conduct the recruitment of Government Employees with Contract Agreements (PPPK), carry out collaboration between schools to address teacher shortages, and optimize the use of PMM in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum policy."