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"Updated to cover new advances, this book introduces the natural gas industry to readers new to the field or those providing a narrow service who would benefit from an understanding of the overall process. The initial chapters give a brief overview of basic concepts applicable throughout the chemical processing industry. The second part addresses natural gas processing, following the gas stream from purchase at the wellhead to its entrance at the market place. Wherever possible, advantages, limitations, and ranges of applicability of various processes are discussed so that their integration into the overall gas plant can be fully appreciated."

"Pabrik pengolahan gas X merupakan pabrik pengolahan gas bumi menjadi gas kering yang siap dijual (sales gas) dengan kadar air maksimal 9 lb/MMscf dari proses dehidrasi menggunakan Triethylene Glycol (TEG). Proses regenerasi rich TEG pada pabrik ini hanya mampu menghasilkan lean TEG dengan kemurnian 91,7%. Sehingga pabrik pengolahan gas X hanya mampu mengolah umpan gas sebesar 175 MMscfd. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan usaha untuk meningkatkan kemurnian TEG dengan bantuan stripping gas agar kapasitas pabrik dapat ditingkatkan sehingga memberikan nilai keekonomian yang lebih tinggi. Pada laju alir TEG yang tetap, laju alir stripping gas (N2) yang digunakan berada pada kisaran 0 - 2 m3/h. Kapasitas yang memberikan keuntungan per satuan produk yang lebih tinggi dari pada desain awal pabrik adalah 225 MMscfd sebesar 3,9654 USD/MMBtu dengan penggunaan stripping gas sebanyak 0,006 m3/h, sedangkan yang memberikan NPV tertinggi adalah pada kapasitas 585 MMscfd yaitu sebesar 723.800.123 USD.

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X gas processing plant is natural gas processing plant that produces dry gas that is ready to be sold (sales gas) with a maximum water content of 9 lb/ MMscf which is obtained from dehydration process using Triethylene Glycol (TEG). The initial design of the rich TEG regeneration process only able to produce lean TEG with a purity of 91,7%. Therefore, this processing plant only able to process the feed gas by 175 MMscfd. Thus, a study can be conducted to determine the effect of stripping gas (N2) on TEG purity so that the plant?s capacity can be increased which also increase the plant?s profits. The results show that when the TEG flow rate is fixed, flow rate of the stripping gas (N2) which can be used in the regeneration process ranges from 0 to 2 m3/h. The only capacity of modification plant which provides more profits per capacity than that obtained from the initial design of the plant is 225 MMscfd worth 3,9654 USD/MMBtu. The amount of stripping gas required in this capacity is as much as 0,006 m3/h. Meanwhile, total profit obtained by comparing NPV shows that the capacity of 585 MMscfd give the highest NPV worth 723.800.123 USD."

"ABSTRACTPenyetelan ulang pengendali proportional integral dilakukan pada pabrik penghilangan CO2 pengolahan gas alam lapangan Subang. Penyetelan ulang ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja pengendali pada pabrik tersebut. Pengendali pada pabrik yang diteliti pada penelitian ini adalah pengendali tekanan gas umpan PIC 1101, pengendali laju alir air FIC 1102, dan pengendali laju alir sirkulasi amina FIC 1103. Metode penyetelan ulang pengendali yang diusulkan adalah metode Ziegler-Nichols PRC, Wahid-Rudi-Victor WRV, Cohen-coon, setelan hasil autotuner pada simulator, dan fine tuning. Dari hasil pengujian terhadap setiap metode penyetelan yang diusulkan, didapatkan hasil setelan yang memberikan hasil paling baik untuk setiap pengendali, yaitu setelan fine tuning. Penyetelan menggunakan fine tuning berhasil meningkatkan kinerja pengendali PIC 1101 sebesar 77,42, FIC 1102 sebesar 90.59 dan FIC 1103 sebesar 13,06 untuk penurunan nilai setpoint SP sebesar 5. Sementara untuk kemampuan pengendali mengatasi gangguan didapatkan peningkatan kinerja pengendali PIC ndash; 1101 sebesar 86,04, FIC 1102 sebesar 90,8 dan FIC 1103 sebesar 24,8.

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ABSTRACTA proportional ndash integral controller retuning is performed on CO2 removal plant in natural gas processing Subang field. Retuning is performed to increase controller performance on the plant. Retuning will be performed on feed gas pressure controller PIC ndash 1101, make up water flow controller FIC 1102 , and amine circulation flow controller FIC 1103 on the plant. Retuning methods used are Ziegler ndash Nichols PRC, Wahid Rudi Victor WRV, Cohen coon, tuning from simulator autotuner, and fine tuning method. Result of this research shows that retuning that gives the highest improvement for the controllers is tuning with fine tuning method for every controller. Retuning with fine tuning can give 77,42 improvement for PIC ndash 1101, 90,59 improvement for FIC 1102, and 13,06 improvement for FIC ndash 1103 for 5 setpoint SP reduction. While for controller capability to handle disturbance, fine tuning can give 86,04 improvement for PIC ndash 1101, 90,8 improvement for FIC ndash 1102, and 24,8 improvement for FIC 1103."

"Pabrik pengolahan gas X merupakan pabrik pengolahan gas bumi menjadi gas kering yang siap dijual (sales gas) dengan kadar air maksimal 9 lb/MMscf dari proses dehidrasi menggunakan Triethylene Glycol (TEG). Proses regenerasi rich TEG pada pabrik ini hanya mampu menghasilkan lean TEG dengan kemurnian 91,7%. Sehingga pabrik pengolahan gas X hanya mampu mengolah umpan gas sebesar 175 MMscfd. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan usaha untuk meningkatkan kemurnian TEG dengan bantuan stripping gas agar kapasitas pabrik dapat ditingkatkan sehingga memberikan nilai keekonomian yang lebih tinggi. Pada laju alir TEG yang tetap, laju alir stripping gas (N2) yang digunakan berada pada kisaran 0 - 2 m3/h. Kapasitas yang memberikan keuntungan per satuan produk yang lebih tinggi dari pada desain awal pabrik adalah 225 MMscfd sebesar 3,9654 USD/MMBtu dengan penggunaan stripping gas sebanyak 0,006 m3/h, sedangkan yang memberikan NPV tertinggi adalah pada kapasitas 585 MMscfd yaitu sebesar 723.800.123 USD.

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X gas processing plant is natural gas processing plant that produces dry gas that is ready to be sold (sales gas) with a maximum water content of 9 lb/ MMscf which is obtained from dehydration process using Triethylene Glycol (TEG). The initial design of the rich TEG regeneration process only able to produce lean TEG with a purity of 91,7%. Therefore, this processing plant only able to process the feed gas by 175 MMscfd. Thus, a study can be conducted to determine the effect of stripping gas (N2) on TEG purity so that the plant?s capacity can be increased which also increase the plant?s profits. The results show that when the TEG flow rate is fixed, flow rate of the stripping gas (N2) which can be used in the regeneration process ranges from 0 to 2 m3/h. The only capacity of modification plant which provides more profits per capacity than that obtained from the initial design of the plant is 225 MMscfd worth 3,9654 USD/MMBtu. The amount of stripping gas required in this capacity is as much as 0,006 m3/h. Meanwhile, total profit obtained by comparing NPV shows that the capacity of 585 MMscfd give the highest NPV worth 723.800.123 USD."

"Pengembangan lapangan gas bumi baru setelah ditemukan memerlukan desain pabrik pengolahan gas bumi, termasuk di Lapangan X. Selain desain proses, desain kontrol proses juga sangat penting. Untuk itu, pada pemisahan awal gas bumi yang akan diproses lebih lanjut, dirancang pengendalian proses menggunakan pengontrol proporsional-integral berbasis sistem identifikasi ulang (PI-SRI). Terdapat tiga sumur (Alpha, Betha, dan Charlie), separator dan cooler pada proses pemisahan awal dan terdapat tiga jenis kontroler (tekanan [PC], level [LC] dan temperatur [TC]). Untuk menentukan parameter kontroler PI yang optimal, dilakukan tiga kali identifikasi sistem untuk menghasilkan tiga model first-order plus dead-time (FOPDT). Ketiga model tersebut dimasukkan dalam persamaan tuning untuk metode Ziegler-Nichlos sehingga dihasilkan tiga parameter kontroler PI. Untuk menguji kinerja kendali yang optimal digunakan perubahan set point (SP) pada PC, LC dan TC, serta gangguan berupa perubahan laju aliran gas bumi yang berasal dari ketiga sumur tersebut. Indikator kinerja pengendalian yang digunakan adalah overshoot dan settling time. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model FOPDT untuk proses pemisahan awal produksi gas bumi berdasarkan tiga variabel terkontrol memiliki =−1,614, =0,24 dan =0,01 untuk PC; =−0.882, =0.2295 dan =0.2385 untuk LC dan =−0.063, =1.5075 dan =0.0425 untuk TC. Harga parameter kontroler PI yang memberikan performansi kontrol optimum (overshoot dan settling time) adalah =−13,383, =0,033 untuk PC; =−132.6, =0.483 untuk LC, dan =−506.7, =0.142 untuk TC.

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The development of a new natural gas field after being discovered requires the design of a natural gas processing plant, including in Field X. In addition to process design, process control design is also very important. For this reason, at the initial separation of natural gas which will be further processed, process control is designed using a proportional-integral controller based on a re-identification system (PI-SRI). There are three wells (Alpha, Betha, and Charlie), separator and cooler in the initial separation process and there are three types of controllers (pressure [PC], level [LC] and temperature [TC]). To determine the optimal PI controller parameters, three system identifications were carried out to produce three first-order plus dead-time (FOPDT) models. The three models are included in the tuning equation for the Ziegler-Nichlos method so that three PI controller parameters are produced. To test the optimal control performance, changes in the set point (SP) of the PC, LC and TC are used, as well as disturbances in the form of changes in the flow rate of natural gas originating from the three wells. The control performance indicators used are overshoot and settling time. The results showed that the FOPDT model for the initial separation process of natural gas production based on three controlled variables had =−1.614, =0.24 and =0.01 for PC; =−0.882, =0.2295 and =0.2385 for LC and =−0.063, =1.5075 and =0.0425 for TC. The parameter values ​​for the PI controller that provide optimum control performance (overshoot and settling time) are =−13,383, =0.033 for PC; =−132.6, =0.483 for LC, and =−506.7, =0.142 for TC."