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"Channel estimation memiliki definisi untuk memperkirakan koefisien filter melalui sinyal yang diterima dan informasi lain yang dikenal. Ada beberapa metode channel estimation yang dapat diguanakan seperti minimum mean square error, least square, zero-force, maximum likelihood. Dalam penelitian ini, least square dan zero-force akan dibahas lebih lanjut. Kedua jenis ini dikenal umum sebagai jenis yang paling sederhana dan paling mudah untuk diterapkan di dalam komunikasi nirkabel. Meskipun metode lain seperti minimum mean square error atau maximum likelihood telah dikenal secara luas untuk memperkirakan kanal, metode tersebut terbukti sangat kompleks untuk diimplementasikan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami efek dan membandingkan kinerja channel estimation dengan menggunakan kapasitas multi antenna seperti Single-Input Single Output (SISO), Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO), Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) dan Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). Least square dan metode estimasi zero-force telah digunakan dengan memakai modulasi Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), hal ini dikarenakan BPSK adalah metode phase shift keying yang paling sederhana untuk di implementasikan di dalam penelitian ini. Pertama-tama, segala parameter perlu dikonfigurasi terlebih dahulu untuk digunakan di dalam simulasi. Kemudian, data dalam sistem pilot dikirim ke penerima menggunakan modulasi BPSK di setiap sistem multi antenna dengan menggunakan saluran nirkabel yang berbeda. Lalu, Alamouti encoder dieksekusi khusus untuk sistem MIMO dan MISO. Setelah itu, least square dan zero-force diterapkan dan tingkat kesalahan bit atau dengan nama lain bit error rate (BER) dapat dicapai dengan menyamakan sinyal yang ditransmisikan. Kemudian, analisa hasil data dengan membandingkan kinerja least square dan zero-force dapat dicapai. Pada akhirnya, hasil yang telah ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa least square melakukan performa lebih baik daripada metode estimasi zero force yang berlaku pada kinerja tingkat kesalahan bit dengan sinyal terhadap noise atau dengan nama lain signal to noise ratio (SNR).

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Channel estimation has a definition to estimate the filter coefficient through received signal and other known information. There are many methods that channel estimation can be used such as minimum mean square error, least square, zero-force, maximum likelihood. In this research, least square and zero force will be discussed further. These two types are commonly known as the simplest and easiest type to implement in the wireless communication. Even though other methods like minimum mean square error or maximum likelihood have been widely known to estimate channel, such methods are proven very complex to implement.

The aimed of this research is to understand the effect and compare the performance of the channel estimation method with the capacity of multiple antennas such as Single-Input Single-Output (SISO), Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO), Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). Least square and zero force estimation method were being used with BPSK modulation, this is due to BPSK is the simplest phase shift keying.

First, the parameters need to be configured in simulation software. Then, the data within pilots system transmitted to receiver using BPSK modulation in each of the wireless antenna systems with different wireless channels. Space time block coding of Alamouti encoder were executed for MIMO and MISO system. After that, least square and zero force method were implemented and bit error rate (BER) performance can be achieved by equalizing the transmitted signal. Analysing the result by comparing the performance of least square and zero force were accomplished.

In the recent result, it was shown that the least square performs better than zero force estimation method for the performance of bit error rate with signal to noise ratio."

"Tantangan terbesar pengembangan layanan komunikasi wireless adalah frequency-bandwidth yang terbatas dan mahal. Karena itu dibutuhkan tidak hanya sistem berkecepatan tinggi saja tetapi juga sistem yang mampu menggunakan bandwidth secara efisien. Walaupun sulit membangun sistem berkecepatan tinggi dengan error-rate rendah, namun pada tulisan ini diperkenalkan sebuah sistem closed-loop MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) menggunakan detektor ML (Maximum Likelihood) sederhana untuk mengoptimalkan kapasitas dan meningkatkan performansi sistem. Pemakaian MIMO menjadi spesial karena kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan kapasitas dan performansi tanpa menambah frequency-spectral. Skenario besar konsep ini didapat dari keuntungan pemakaian matriks transformasi yang mampu mengalokasikan daya sinyal-sinyal transmisi sesuai dengan kondisi kanal. Selain itu, perkalian matriks ini dapat membentuk kanal-kanal singular yang paralel. Sehingga dengan zero inter-channels correlation, maka detektor ML dapat dirancang guna meningkatkan performansi. Pada akhirnya, simulasi komputer memberikan validasi bahwa pada SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) 0 dB dapat dicapai kapasitas optimal sampai 1 bps/Hz dan SER sampai dengan 0,2 lebih baik dari sistem opened-loop MIMO.

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In order to support providing broadband wireless communication services against limited and expensive frequency bandwidth, we have to develop a bandwidth efficient system. Therefore, in this paper we propose a closed-loop MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) system using ML (Maximum Likelihood) detector to optimize capacity and to increase system performance. What is especially exciting about the benefits offered by MIMO is that a high capacity and performance can be attained without additional frequency-spectral resource.

The grand scenario of this concept is the attained advantages of transformation matrices having capability to allocate transmitted signals power suit to the channel. Furthermore, product of these matrices forms parallel singular channels. Due to zero inter-channels correlation, thus we can design ML detector to increase the system performance. Finally, computer simulations validates that at 0 dB SNR our system can reach optimal capacity up to 1 bps/Hz and SER up to 0.2 higher than opened-loop MIMO."

"Wireless power transmission is being investigated as a means to operate tiny medical devices such as the capsular endoscope, which is ableto exist for a long period during diagnostic procedures within the body. In this paper, we examine the wireless power transmission to a capsular endoscope by electromagnetic waves to show its usability for medical applications. A modified helical antenna inside the endoscope is proposed as a power receiving antenna, operating at 915 MHz. By calculating a maximum received power in the stomach using suchantenna, the results show that adequate power can be well received. "

"Dalam dunia industri, untuk mengetahui performa mesin motor dapat dilakukan diagnosa menggunakan machinery analyzer. Machinery analyzer yang dibahas pada penelitian ini yaitu Haliza. Terdapat permasalahan dalam melakukan diagnosa mesin motor menggunakan Haliza yaitu penggunaan kabel komunikasi antara sensor kecepatan dan Haliza, yang mengurangi fleksibilitas saat proses diagnosa dilakukan dan waktu pemasangan yang cukup lama. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan rancang bangun interface untuk modul komunikasi wireless yang akan dipasang pada sensor kecepatan dan Haliza. Rancang bangun interface di kembangkan dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler ATmega16A, sebagai kontroler pada modul wireless RF CC2500. Telah dilakukan pengujian hardware dan software dari modul komunikasi wireless. Dari hasil uji komunikasi diperoleh jangkauan jarak maksimum tanpa BER (Bit Error Rate) sejauh 16 meter pada kecepatan putaran motor 1800 rpm dengan nilai RSSI -79 dBm. Kecepatan putaran motor maksimum yang dapat terukur yaitu 2100 rpm, dengan tingkat kesalahan 0.14% dibandingkan dengan hasil pengukuran tachometer. Untuk uji kehandalan komunikasi wireless, didapatkan tingkat kesalahan rata-rata sebesar 0.09% pada pengujian jarak 10 meter dengan kecepatan 2100 rpm selama 5 jam pengujian.

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In the industrial, to know the performance of the machine can be diagnosed using machinery analyzer. Machinery analyzer are discussed in this research that Haliza. There are problems in diagnosing the machine using Haliza namely the use of the communication cable between the speed sensor and Haliza, which reduces the flexibility when the diagnosis is made and the installation of a long time. Therefore, in this report will be conducted design interface for a wireless communication module that will be installed on the speed sensor and Haliza. The design of the interface is developed by using microcontroller ATmega16A, as a controller in the wireless module RF CC2500. The hardware and software of the wireless communication module have been tested. Communication test results obtained maximum distances without the BER (Bit Error Rate) as far as 16 meters at a motor rotating speed of 1800 rpm with RSSI value of -79 dBm. The maximum rotation speed of the motor which can be measured at 2100 rpm, with an error rate of 0.14% compared with the measurement results tachometer. The reliability test of wireless communication, obtained average error rate of 0.09% at the testing distance of 10 meters at a speed of 2100 rpm for 5 hours of testing."

"Efisiensi penggunaan sumber daya spektrum frekuensi yang terbatas merupakan target utama dari sistem komunikasi nirkabel. Keterbatasan spektrum frekuensi ini, telah mendorong para peneliti untuk mengembangkan komunikasi nirkabel full-duplex. Pada penelitian ini penulis mengusulkan skema optimasi penggunaan daya pada kanal MIMO full-duplex yang telah dilengkapi dengan teknik selfinterference cancellation pada domain propagasi.Pada penelitian ini diturunkan dan dianalisis persamaan mencari daya optimum dari sebuah kanal MIMO fullduplex yang akan menghasilkan kapasitas maksimum dengan menggunakan metode optimasi konveks. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan terhadap kanal yang telah dioptimasi dapat dibuktikan bahwa kapasitas kanal meningkat sebesar 9 % pada penggunaan daya total sebesar 4 dB dan N=4 dibandingkan kapasitas kanal tanpa optimasi.

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Improving spectral efficiency driven by the limited frequency resources is a key target of the wireless communication system. The limitation of the frequency spectrum has led researchers to develop a full-duplex wireless communication. In this research, author proposes a power optimization scheme of full-duplex MIMO channel that has been equipped with self-interference cancellation techniques in the propagation domain.

In this research, by using convex optimization method, the expression of the optimum power scheme to achieve the maximum capacity of full-duplex MIMO channel is derived and analyzed. Calculation result shows that the capacity of the optimized channel increase 9 % at the total power 4 dB and N=4 compare with channel without optimization."

"Telah dibuat suatu alat Sistem Aliran Cairan Infus Berbasis Microcontroller yang dapat dipantau secara Wireless. Pada alat ini proses yang akan diatur adalah kecepatan aliran, proses kecepatan aliran ini diatur dengan memasukkan nilai dari keypad. Alat ini dikendalikan oleh Mikroprosesor, dimana penulis memakai IC Microcontroller ATmega 128 sebagai pembaca data dan pengendalian mekanik pada sistem aliran cairan infus. Penulis juga menggunakan Wireless untuk memantau proses aliran cairan infus.

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It had been made a tool of system infusion flow based on Microcontroller wireless monitored. In this tool, the process setting using keypad. This tool is controlled by Microcontroller. Writer used Microcontroller Integrated Circuit (IC) ATmega 128 as data processing and control the mechanic in the system control of infusion flow. Writer also used wireless to monitoring the process of infusion flow. "

"Skema Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) menjadi topik penelitian penting dalam bidang telekomunikasi nirkabel, karena memiliki kapasitas tinggi tanpa memerlukan tambahan bandwidth serta ketahanannya terhadap multipath fading. Permasalahan yang timbul pada MIMO adalah diperlukannya suatu skema agar setiap antena pemancar dapat digunakan untuk mengirimkan aliran data yang berbeda pada saat bersamaan, dan aliran data yang berbeda-beda tersebut dapat dipisahkan secara tepat di bagian penerima. Permasalahan lain pada sistem MIMO adalah pengkodean yang tepat untuk aliran data jamak sehingga data dapat diterima secara handal.Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, pada penelitian ini diajukan penggabungan arsitektur berlapis Vertical Bell Laboratories Space-Time Multiple Input Multiple Output (V-BLAST MIMO) serta pengkodean Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional (RCPC). Penggunaan V-BLAST memungkinkan pengiriman data yang berbeda pada setiap antena, dan kode RCPC memberikan proteksi terhadap kesalahan kanal. Untuk mempermudah perhitungan parameter kode RCPC, digunakan kode konvolusional ekivalen. Kriteria Zero Forcing (ZF) dan Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) digunakan untuk mengekstrak setiap sub-aliran informasi yang tiba di penerima.Penelitian ini menghasilkan kode RCPC menggunakan kode konvolusional ekivalen dengan periode puncturing Pc = 2 hingga 6, serta kode RCPC tanpa kode konvolusional ekivalen dengan periode puncturing Pc = 6. Hasil lainnya adalah persamaan BER untuk RCPC V-BLAST MIMO pada kanal fading Nakagami-m. Kanal fading Nakagami-m digunakan karena memiliki karakteristik empiris yang sesuai dengan pola fading secara general. Persamaan BER sistem dinyatakan dalam persamaan matematis yang modular, yang terdiri atas kinerja BER subsistem modulasi M-QAM multikanal, subsistem V-BLAST MIMO, dan subsistem RCPC dengan modulasi M-QAM dan kanal Nakagami-m.Simulasi numerik yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan periode puncturing Pc akan meningkatkan jarak bebas kode dfree, sehingga memperbaiki BER sistem. Peningkatan dfree juga dapat dicapai dengan meletakkan bit yang di-puncture pada satu kolom dalam matriks puncturing, tanpa mengubah Pc. BER sistem juga akan semakin baik dengan penambahan jumlah antena, dimana penambahan jumlah antena penerima akan meningkatkan BER dengan lebih signifikan dibandingkan dengan penambahan jumlah antena pemancar. Semakin tinggi Pc yang digunakan, perbaikan BER yang dihasilkan oleh penambahan antena akan semakin kecil. Penggunaan deteksi berbasis MMSE akan meningkatkan BER sistem pada kisaran 0,5 hingga 1 dB dibandingkan deteksi berbasis ZF.

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The Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system has been the subject of rigorous research in the wireless telecommunication field, due to its ability to increase capacity without necessitating extra bandwidth and its robustness against multipath fading. There are two main problems arising in this system. The first is the need to find a scheme to send different information symbols simultaneously using multiple transmit antennas, as well as enabling the extraction of those symbols in the receiver. The second problem is finding a correct coding type for multiple information streams to provide robustness against channel errors.

To solve these problems, this research proposes the integration of Vertical Bell Laboratories Space-Time Multiple Input Multiple Output (V-BLAST MIMO) scheme and Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional (RCPC) encoding. The use of V-BLAST scheme will enable the transmission of different data streams simultaneously using the multiple transmit antennas, while RCPC codes protect the data against channel errors. To simplify the calculation of RCPC code parameters, equivalent convolutional codes are used. Zero Forcing (ZF) and Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) criteria are used to extract the different data streams arriving in the receiver.

In this research RCPC codes using equivalent convolutional codes which puncturing periods are Pc = 2 to 6, and an RCPC code without equivalent convolutional code which Pc = 6 are obtained. A mathematical formulation of BER for RCPC V-BLAST in Nakagami-m fading channel is derived and numerically simulated. The Nakagami-m model is used as its empirical characteristics match those of general fading pattern. The mathematical BER of the system is stated as a modular equation, consisting of the subsystems BER.

The numerical simulations results show that the increase of Pc will increase the free distance of the codes dfree, which in turn will increase the system BER. The increase of dfree can also be obtained by placing the punctured bits in one column of the puncturing matrix, without changing the Pc. Increasing the number of antennas will also improve the system BER. The increased number of receive antennas will contribute more significantly to the BER improvement compared to the increase of transmit antennas. The larger the Pc used, the BER improvement yielded by increasing the antenna numbers will be more insignificant. The use of MMSE-based detection will improve the system BER by 0.5-1 dB compared to the ZF-based detection."

"Contents : - Contents by Author - University Program Sponsors - Current Trends and Business Strategies - The Progression of WIMAX Toward a Peer-to-Peer Paradigm Shift - Affirming the Mobility Quotient: How Wireless Connectivity Is Shaping Worker Productivity - How Small Can It Get? - Improving the Performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Directional Antennas - Whence and Whither Mobile Communications and Impacting Technologies - The Evolution of WiMAX Certification - Prime Time for Mobile Television - Technologies and Networks - WLAN Mesh Architectures and IEEE 802.11s - Wireless Billboard Channels:Vehicle and Infrastructural Support for Advertisement, Discovery, and Association of UCWW Services - Leveraging MIMO in Wide-Area Networks - Revolution by Satellite - Overview of a Personal Network Prototype - Smooth Integration of Mobile Video Telephony to Windows Mobile - The Law of Mobility - Detecting Packet Mishandling in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks - Performance of Transport Protocols in Wireless Networks - The Emergence of the Wireless VoIP Phone - Effect of Interference and Control Error on Cellular Mobile Communication Networks - Seamless Mobility - Optimizing Video over Wireless Using Performance and Architecture Modeling - Internetworking of Next-Generation IPv6-Based Mobile Wireless Networks and MPLS/GMPLS-Based Multiservice Backbone Networks - Acronym Guide "

"The book presents a comprehensive view of channel degradation arising from fading and shadowing. Various statistical models including simple, hybrid, compound, complex and cascaded ones are presented with detailed derivations along with measures to quantify the deterioration such as the amount of fading, error rates and outage probabilities. The models range from the Rayleigh and Rician through Suzuki, generalized K, cascaded and alpha-mu and similar ones. This is followed by the analysis of mitigation of fading and shadowing through diversity (simple, hybrid, micro- and macro- level) and combining algorithms. The density and distribution functions, error rates and outages are derived and results analyzed to quantify the improvements. The effects of co-channel interference before and after the implementation of diversity are also analyzed. To facilitate easy understanding of the models and analysis, the background information in terms of probability and random variables is presented with relevant derivations of densities of linear and nonlinear transformation of random variables, the sums, products, ratios as well as order statistics of random variables of all types. The book also provides material on digital modems of interest in wireless systems. Thus, the book with 1100+ equations and 350+ Matlab generated figures and tables is an ideal source for students, educators, researchers and professionals in wireless communications allowing access to information currently unavailable."