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"Pemantauan cairan merupakan salah satu intervensi keperawatan yang dilakukan pada semua pasien COVID-19, terutama yang memiliki risiko dan masalah keseimbangan cairan seperti acute kidney injury (AKI). Intervensi ini menjadi krusial karena balans cairan pasien dapat mempengaruhi status oksigenasi pasien COVID-19. Sebuah kasus pasien laki-laki berusia 62 tahun yang dirawat di ruang rawat inap isolasi COVID-19, dengan COVID-19 terkonfirmasi derajat sedang disertai penyakit penyerta hipertensi dan diabetes melitus, serta mengalami komplikasi AKI, menjelaskan bagaimana hasil pemantauan cairan menjadi data awal kecurigaan perawat bahwa pasien mengalami masalah ketidakseimbangan cairan setelah status oksigenasinya semakin menurun. Pada akhir perawatan pasien mengalami perburukan kondisi karena fungsi ginjal yang terus menurun. Intervensi pemantauan cairan dapat dilakukan secara mandiri oleh perawat, dan secara kolaboratif dimana hasilnya dapat digunakan dalam mengevaluasi status oksigenasi dan kebutuhan terapi oksigen pasien, menentukan kebutuhan terapi cairan, dan mengevaluasi penggunaan diuretik sebagai upaya mencapai keseimbangan cairan pasien. Melalui hasil pemantauan cairan, perawat seharusnya bisa memberikan tanda peringatan kemungkinan kejadian AKI lebih awal pada pasien.

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Fluid monitoring is one of the interventions carried out in all COVID-19 patients, especially those who have risks and fluid balance problems such as acute kidney injury (AKI). This intervention is crucial because the patient's fluid balance can affect the impaired oxygenation status in COVID-19 patients. A case of a 62-year-old male patient who was treated in an inpatient COVID-19 isolation ward, with a confirmed moderate degree of COVID-19 accompanied by comorbidities of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, as well as experiencing complications of AKI, explained how fluid monitoring is the initial data for suspicion that the patient has fluid imbalance after his oxygenation status has decreased. At the end of treatment, the patient's condition worsened due to declining kidney function. Fluid monitoring interventions can be carried out independently by nurses, and collaboratively where the results can be used in evaluating the patient's oxygenation status and oxygen therapy needs, determining the need for fluid therapy, and evaluating the use of diuretics as an effort to achieve patient fluid balance. Through the results of fluid monitoring, nurses should be able to provide warning signs of possible AKI events earlier in patients."

"ABSTRAKCedera kepala traumatik merupakan penyebab kematian tersering pada kecelakaan. Trauma tumpul pada kepala dapat menimbulkan contusio cerebri berupa lesi coup dan contrecoup. Namun, mekanisme dari terjadinya lesi coup dan contrecoup belum diketahui dengan jelas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara letak trauma tumpul pada kepala dengan terjadinya lesi coup dan contrecoup.Metode: Sampel penelitian diambil dari rekam medis jenazah dengan trauma tumpul pada kepala yang diotopsi di Departemen Forensik dan Medikolegal RSCM pada tahun 2012-2016. Peneliti kemudian mencari tahu mengenai letak trauma tumpul dan temuan contusio cerebri pada rekam medis jenazah.Hasil: Dari 97 sampel dengan trauma tumpul pada kepala, didapatkan proporsi lesi coup sebesar 5,2 , 11,3 , dan 2,1 , dan proporsi lesi contrecoup sebesar 1,0 , 15,5 , dan 2,1 pada trauma tumpul yang terjadi di depan, samping, dan belakang kepala secara berturut-turut. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara trauma tumpul pada sisi depan p=0,005 dan samping p=0,002 kepala dengan lesi contrecoup.Pembahasan: Terjadinya lesi coup tidak selalu diikuti oleh terjadinya lesi contrecoup, dan berlaku juga sebaliknya. Hubungan bermakna antara trauma tumpul pada sisi samping kepala dengan lesi contrecoup secara teori dapat dikaitkan dengan teori sistem suspensori otak.Kesimpulan: Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara trauma tumpul pada sisi depan dan samping kepala dengan lesi contrecoup.

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ABSTRACTTraumatic brain injury remains the most common cause of mortality in accidents. Blunt trauma in the head may cause cerebral contusion, which includes coup and contrecoup contusion. However, the mechanism of coup and contrecoup contusion formation remains unknown. This research aims to know the relationship between the position of head blunt trauma with coup and contrecoup contusion.Methods Research samples were taken from corpse medical records with head blunt trauma who had undergone autopsy in Forensics and Medicolegal Department of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2012 2016. The position of head blunt trauma and findings of cerebral contusions were recorded.Results Out of 97 samples with head blunt trauma, the proportions for coup contusion were 5,2 , 11,3 , and 2,1 , while the proportions for contrecoup contusion were 1,0 , 15,5 , and 2,1 in blunt trauma happening at the front, side, and back part of the head respectively. Chi square tests showed significant relationships between blunt trauma of front p 0,005 and side p 0,002 part of the head with contrecoup contusion.Discussion Coup contusion is not always followed by contrecoup contusion, and vice versa. The significant relationship between blunt trauma of the side part of the head and contrecoup contusion can be explained by the theory of brain suspensory system.Conclusion This research concludes that blunt trauma of the front and side part of the head is related to contrecoup contusion."

"rom the Publisher: Be prepared to diagnose and manage any condition you encounter in your practice! This bestselling reference gives you direct access to a complete range of full-color clinical images and patient radiographs that illustrate the differentiating characteristics of lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region. Significantly revised and updated content throughout this edition brings you the latest information on the etiology, clinical features, histopathology, treatment, and prognosis of each disease entity, as well as cutting-edge topics such as bisphosphonate osteonecrosis, the oral complications associated with methamphetamine abuse, solitary fibrous tumors, gene mutation, and plasminogen deficiency. Over 1,300 clinical photos and radiographs, most in full color, facilitate identification and classification of lesions. Current concepts of pathogenesis and disease management help you understand the diseases that affect the oral and maxillofacial structures, formulate an accurate diagnosis, and institute proper treatment. Each chapter is logically organized by body system or disease group, enabling you to easily identify a specific condition. A comprehensive appendix of differential diagnosis among oral and maxillofacial disease processes helps you rule out invalid diagnoses. The bibliography divided by topic presented at the end of each chapter enables you to pursue supplemental literature. Highly accomplished authors and contributors with a broad range of clinical and classroom teaching experience provide well-balanced coverage of the entire subject. Chapter outlines at the beginning of each chapter allow immediate access to specific topics. Over 200 new illustrations have been added to this popular, visual reference. A new section on bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis thoroughly explores and illustrates this recently identified complication resulting from medications used to prevent bone loss in patients with multiple myeloma, metastatic tumors, and osteoporosis. A new section about the oral complications of methamphetamine abuse details characteristic oral manifestations such as "meth mouth caries" and factitial injuries. Expanded coverage of oral piercings, intraoral tattoos, and other body modifications includes unusual entities such as tongue splitting and charm needles. A new section on transient lingual papillitis sheds light on this common cause of transitory tongue irritation. A new section on solitary fibrous tumors familiarizes you with this popular designation for certain benign fibrous neoplasms. A new section on hypoplasminogenemia (ligneous conjunctivitis), or plasminogen deficiency, includes images from a patient case that illustrate the characteristic gingival lesions associated with this rare but fascinating systemic condition. A new section on hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia describes the characteristic oral manifestations that can lead you to accurately diagnose this condition, potentially preventing a woman with this disorder from having cytologically unusual cells misdiagnosed as carcinoma on her cervical PAP smears. A new section discusses the clinical and microscopic features of chronic ulcerative stomatitis, an immune-mediated condition of the oral mucosa that presents with erosive lesions and is often mistaken for lichen planus. The chapter on Forensic Dentistry has been thoroughly revised and updated by leading forensic odontology author, Dr. Edward Herschaft, to include the latest information on this fascinating topic. Several chapters have been updated to include the most current knowledge of specific gene mutations associated with hereditary oral disorders"