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"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh terapi kelompok suportif terhadap kemampuan keluarga merawat anak tunagrahita di SLB-C Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan pre post tes dengan grup kontrol. Responden penelitian adalah keluarga dengan anak tunagrahita, 60 keluarga anak tunagrahita, terdiri atas 30 keluarga kelompok intervensi dan 30 keluarga kelompok kontrol. Kemampuan keluarga merawat anak tunagrahita yang mendapatkan terapi kelompok suportif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang tidak mendapat terapi kelompok suportif. Kemampuan keluarga setelah di kontrol dengan faktor confounding didapatkan peningkatan mean namun tidak signifikan. Artinya peningkatan kemampuan keluarga disebabkan karena intervensi yang dilakukan bukan dari faktor confounding. Disarankan terapi kelompok suportif digunakan sebagai terapi kelompok dalam meningkatkan kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat anak tunagrahita.

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Thepurpode of their research use to identify the effects of group supportive therapy to wording the family ability to take the family in caring for children Tunagrahita in SLB-C Cianjur Regency. This research utilized quasi experimental design using pre and post test with control group.The respondents consist of family in caring for children tunagrahita,sixty families were divided inti 2 groups; 30 families as experimental group and 30 families as control group. The research result demonstrated that the the families who recewed supportive group therapy showed that higer ability as composed to families without supportive group therapy.The family ability after being controlled by counfounding factors showed the improvement of mean but not significant. This weart that the family ability was only effected by the intervention not by the counfounding factors. It was recommended the supportive group therapy would be utilited of group therapy in inproving family ability to case for the family with caring for children."

"ABSTRAKKeluarga dengan anak retardasi mental di Kabupaten Sumedang sekitar 10.898 orangdari 1.089.889 penduduk di Kabupaten Sumedang, dan yang tercatat di SLB-Csekabupaten sumedang hanya 218 orang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Memperolehgambaran tentang pengaruh pelaksanaan terapi Self-Help Groups terhadap kopingkeluarga dengan anak Retardasi mental di SLB-C Kabupaten Sumedang tahun 2009sehingga dapat mengurangi faktor resiko terjadinya gangguan. Metode penelitianadalah adalah ”Quasi experimental pre-post test with control group” denganintervensi self help group. Cara pengambilan sampel adalah purposive samplingdengan sampel sebanyak 22 keluarga . Alat pengumpulan data menggunakankuesioner karakteristik keluarga dan kuesioner koping keluarga. Self help groupdilakukan pada dua kelompok; kelompok I diberikan self help group dengan enamkali pertemuan (empat kali bimbingan dan dua kali mandiri), kelompok IItidak diberikan self help group. Analisa data menggunakan univariat denganmenganalisa secara deskriptif dengan menghitung distribusi frekuensi dan sentraltendensi. Analisa Bivariat menggunakan Independent sample t-test, Chi-Square danDependent sample t-test. Multivariat menggunakan pearson product moment danRank spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan kopingsetelah self-help group pada keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental secara bermaknadan terjadi perubahan dari koping maladaptif menjadi adaptif (p value = 0,000). Padakelompok yang hanya diberikan terapi generalis terjadi juga peningkatan kemampuankoping keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental tetapi peningkatan tersebut masihberada di koping maladaptif. Direkomendasikan untuk membentuk kelompok selfhelpgroup lainnya di lingkungan SLB-C.

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ABSTRACTFamily and children with mental retardation at Sumedang district are almost 10.898people of 1.089.889 population at Sumedang district, and they are only 218 peoplewhich recorded at SLB-C of Sumedang district. This study purpose to find describingthe effect of implementing Self Help Groups therapy toward coping family andchildren with mental retardation at SLB-C of Sumedang District in 2009 so it candecrease risk factors of disturbance occur. This study used design of quasiexperimental pre-post test with control group by self help group intervention. Thisstudy used a purposive sampling on getting samples by 22 families as samples. Theequipment on collecting data using questionares of family characteristic and familycoping. Self help group has been done for two groups where the first group was givenself help group for six times of meeting (four times for guiding and two times forstanding alone), while the second group was given self help group. Analized dataused univariate by analizing as descriptive by calculating frequency distribution andcentral tendency. Bivariate analysis used Independent sample t-test, Chi-Square andDependent sample t-test. Multivariate analysis used pearson product moment andrank spearman. Study result indicated improvement the abilities of coping family andchildren with mental retardation as means (p value = 0,000). It was recommended tobuild and implementing self help group for family who had children with mentalretardation.Family and children with mental retardation at Sumedang district are almost 10.898 people of 1.089.889 population at Sumedang district, and they are only 218 people which recorded at SLB-C of Sumedang district. This study purpose to find describing the effect of implementing Self Help Groups therapy toward coping family and children with mental retardation at SLB-C of Sumedang District in 2009 so it can decrease risk factors of disturbance occur. This study used design of quasi experimental pre-post test with control group by self help group intervention. This study used a purposive sampling on getting samples by 22 families as samples. The equipment on collecting data using questionares of family characteristic and family coping. Self help group has been done for two groups where the first group was given self help group for six times of meeting (four times for guiding and two times for standing alone), while the second group was given self help group. Analized data used univariate by analizing as descriptive by calculating frequency distribution and central tendency. Bivariate analysis used Independent sample t-test, Chi-Square and Dependent sample t-test. Multivariate analysis used pearson product moment and rank spearman. Study result indicated improvement the abilities of coping family and children with mental retardation as means (p value = 0,000). It was recommended to build and implementing self help group for family who had children with mental retardation."

"Masalah psikososial ansietas muncul sebagai reaksi dari stres akibat meningkatnya beban dalam merawat anak tunagrahita. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh terapi kelompok suportif terhadap perubahan beban dan tingkat ansietas keluarga dalam merawat anak tunagrahita di SLB Kabupaten Banyumas. Desain penelitian quasi experimental, pre-post test with control group. Tempat penelitian di SLB C Yakut dan SLB Kuncup Mas Banyumas. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh keluarga anak tunagrahita yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan beban dan tingkat ansietas keluarga sebelum dan setelah mendapatkan terapi kelompok suportif. Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah perlunya dibentuk parent support group di SLB, beranggotakan keluarga yang memiliki anak tunagrahita.

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Anxiety as a psychosocial problems was emerged as stimulated by burden of taking care of mentally retardated children. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of supportive group therapy toward the burden and family anxiety level in the care of children at SLB Kabupaten Banyumas. The research used quasi-experimental pre-post test with control group design. The research site took place at SLB C Yakut and SLB Kuncup Mas Banyumas. The sample research was the entire family of mentally retardated children who met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that there was a significant difference in family burden and anxiety levels before and after getting a supportive group therapy on the group. Recommendations of this study is the need to establish a parent support group in special schools, family members who have mental retardated children."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Terapi Penerimaan dan Komitmen (TPK) Terhadap Penerimaan Keluarga dengan Anak Tunagrahita. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu quasi experimental pre-post test with control group. Sampel 56 diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling pada keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental yang mengalami masalah psikososial dalam merawat anaknya. Analisis data dengan Independent t-test dan Paired ttest. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa penerimaan keluarga dengan anak tunagrahita meningkat secara bermakna setelah mendapat TPK. TPK direkomendasikan sebagai terapi keperawatan utama dalam meningkatkan penerimaan keluarga dengan anak tunagrahita.

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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ACT on family?s acceptance to the mental retardation child. This was a quasi-experimental research, using pre-post test with control group. A number of 56 samples were recruited using purposive sampling technique in family having mental retardation child that experiences psychosocial problem in caring the child. Samples are divided into 2 groups of control and intervention group. Data were analyzed using Independent t-test and Paired t-test.

The results showed that the acceptance in family with mental retardation child who get ACT was significantly increased. ACT is recommended as primary therapy in nursing care to increase level of acceptance in family with mental retardation child."

"Pendahuluan: Tenaga kesehatan mental di Indonesia perlu mendapat bekal tambahan untuk dapat menangani anak dan remaja di daerah bencana. Untuk itu, Departemen Psikiatri Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia-Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Divisi Psikiatri Anak dan Remaja, bekerja sama dengan Institute for Mental Health Singapura, telah menyusun modul pelatihan berjudul ?Peningkatan Kapasitas Kesehatan Mental Anak dan Remaja di Daerah Bencana? (Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Disaster areas - CAMHD).Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui manfaat pelatihan dengan modul tersebut dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan mental (psikiater, dokter, psikolog, pekerja sosial, dan perawat) serta pandangan peserta tentang modul dan pelatihan.Metode: Penelitian tindakan (action research) dilakukan dengan metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dari peserta penelitian dalam bentuk tes sebelum dengan sesudah pelatihan (one group pre and post-test), kuesioner data demografi, kuesioner evaluasi pelatihan, serta diskusi kelompok terarah (Focus group Discussion - FGD).Hasil: Semua subjek (n=16) mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan, dengan perbedaan rata-rata (mean) skor pretest dan posttest yang bermakna secara statistik (p=0,001). Hal-hal penting yang diperoleh dari pelatihan mencakup antara lain pemahaman dasar, identifikasi kebutuhan, identifikasi sumber daya dan persiapan, serta alur berpikir kesehatan mental anak dan remaja di daerah bencana, deteksi dini terutama menggunakan Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), formulasi kasus, dan penanganan secara komprehensif, termasuk Psychological First Aid (PFA) serta intervensi krisis. Subjek penelitian terutama menghargai pembelajaran aktif seperti studi kasus, bermain peran, diskusi, serta bertukar pengalaman antar peserta pelatihan. Pada kuesioner umpan balik, seluruh subjek penelitian menyatakan kualitas pelatihan sangat baik atau cukup. Masukan dari subjek penelitian antara lain mencakup kebutuhan untuk penyederhanaan bahasa modul, konsistensi fasilitasi, penyempurnaan bahan tayangan pelatihan, perlunya pegangan praktis untuk digunakan di lapangan, bentuk modul berjenjang menurut profesi, contoh-contoh kasus nyata, serta pelatihan yang berkelanjutan.Simpulan: Pelatihan menggunakan modul ?Peningkatan Kapasitas Kesehatan Mental Anak dan Remaja di Daerah Bencana? dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan mental. Terkumpul masukan untuk perbaikan dan pengembangan modul dan pelatihan selanjutnya.

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Introduction: Mental health workers need to be better equipped with more knowledge to deal with children and adolescents in disaster areas. For this reason, the Department of Psychiatry of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, in collaboration with the Institute for Mental Health Singapore, developed the module ?Capacity Building for Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Disaster areas (CAMHD).

Objectives: To ascertain the benefits of training using the module in increasing the knowledge of mental health workers (psychiatrists, doctors, psychologists, social workers, and nurses) and the participants? views on the module and training. Methods: Action research was conducted using mixed (quantitative and qualitative) methods. Data was collected from the training participants in the form of one group pre and post tests, and questionnaires demographic data, training evaluation forms, and focus group discussions.

Results: All subjects (n=16) increased in knowledge, with a statistically significant mean difference of pretest and posttest scores (p=0.001). Important points gained through the training include basic understanding, needs assessment, resource identification and preparation, as well as thinking process in dealing with children and adolescents in disaster areas, early detection especially using Strength and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ), case formulation, and comprehensive management, including Psychological First Aid (PFA) and crisis intervention. In terms of training process, research subjects especially appreciated active learning processes such as case studies, role plays, discussions, and sharing of experiences among training participants. On the feedback forms, all research subjects stated the quality of training was excellent or satisfactory. Input from research subjects included the need for simplification of the language of the module, consistency of facilitation, enhancement of training presentation materials, the need for practical guides to use in the field, profession-based stepped modules, examples from actual cases, and further training.

Conclusion: Training using this ?Capacity Building for Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Disaster areas? module can increase the knowledge of mental health workers. Input was collectedto enhance and develop further modules and training."

"Sikap negatif dan penolakan keluarga terhadap anggota keluarga dengan gangguan jiwa meningkatkan kejadian kekambuhan pada pasien gangguan jiwa. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi suportif terhadap sikap dan penolakan keluarga dengan anggota keluarga gangguan jiwa skizofrenia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasy experiment pre post with control group dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Cluster Sampling. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 51 keluarga yang mendapat terapi suportif dan 45 keluarga yang tidak mendapat terapi suportif. Penelitian menggunakan instrument family attitude scale dan acceptance and rejection scale. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kelomppok yang mendapat terapi suportif terdapat perubahan bermakna pada sikap negatif dan penolakan setelah diberikan terapi kelompok suportif (p-value<α=0,05). Pada kelompok yang mendapat terapi suportif sikap negatif dan penolakan menurun lebih besar secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang tidak mendapat terapi suportif (p-value<α=0,05). Saran dari penelitian ini adalah mengaplikasikan terapi kelompok suportif diranah komunitas dan keluarga.

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Family negative attitudes and family rejection against family members with mental illness increased the incidence of recurrence in patients with mental disorder. The study aimed to determine the effect of supportive therapy on family attitudes and family rejection of family members with mental disorder schizophrenia. This study used a pre-post design quasi experiment with control group with sampling using cluster sampling The numbers of sample in this study were 51 family with mental illness family member for the intervention group and 45 family with mental illness family member to the control group. This research used the instrument family attitude scale and family rejection scale. The result of this study showed that the group who received supportive therapy has significantly changes in the negative attitude and family rejection after supportive group therapy (p-value <α=0,05). The group who received supportive therapy had a greater significantly decreased of a family attitude and family rejection compared with those who were not received supportive therapy (p-value <α= 0.05). The suggestion of this research is to apply supportive group therapy and family communities."

"ABSTRAKBanyak anak penyandang disabilitas intelektual ringan mengalami masalah dalamberinteraksi sosial di sekolah. Berdasarkan hal itu, keterampilan sosial merupakan hal yangpenting bagi anak disabilitas intelektual ringan untuk dapat berkembang di sekolah inklusi.Salah satu metode yang efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial pada anak disabilitasintelektual ringan adalah dengan pendekatan modifikasi perilaku, terutama menggunakanmodeling. Dalam melakukan suatu modifikasi perilaku juga patut dipertimbangkanpemberian penguatan terhadap perilaku baru yang muncul. Salah satu teknik penguatan yangefektif untuk mengajarkan individu disabilitas intelektual ringan ialah melalui tokeneconomy. Dalam rangka mengetahui efektivitas program dengan menggunakan modeling dantoken economy dalam meningkatkan keterampilan sosial pada penyandang disabilitasintelektual ringan, maka peneliti merancang suatu program dengan menggunakan teknikmodifikasi perilaku melalui model simbolik (film kartun) dan penerapan token economysebagai penguatan perilaku. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalahdesain kasus tunggal tipe A-B-A. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatanketerampilan sosial pada subjek saat sebelum dan sesudah pemberian program.

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AbstractA lot of children with mild mental retardation experience social interaction issue in theirschool. Therefore, social skills become very important for children with mild mentalretardation to develop in the inclusive school. One method that effectively enhancing socialskills children with mild mental retardation is through behavior modification approach,especially through modeling. In exercising behavior modification, need to amplify for anynew behaviors emerge. On e of amplification method which effectively teaches children withmild mental retardation is through token economy. In terms to know the modeling and tokeneconomy program effectiveness in enhancing social skills of children with mild mentalretardation, the researcher design a program with behavior modification technique throughmodel approach (cartoon short film) and token economy application as behavior amplifier.The research is using single case type A-B-A design. Research result shows there is anenhancement in social skills on subject after the program."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Terapi Penerimaan dan Komitmen (TPK) Terhadap Penerimaan Keluarga dengan Anak Tunagrahita. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu quasi experimental pre-post test with control group. Sampel  56 diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling pada keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental yang mengalami masalah psikososial dalam merawat anaknya. Analisis data dengan Independent t-test dan Paired t-test. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa penerimaan keluarga dengan anak tunagrahita meningkat secara bermakna setelah mendapat TPK. TPK direkomendasikan sebagai terapi keperawatan utama dalam meningkatkan penerimaan keluarga dengan anak tunagrahita.

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The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ACT on family’s acceptance to the mental retardation child. This was a quasi-experimental research, using pre-post test with control group. A number of 56 samples were recruited using purposive sampling technique in family having mental retardation child that experiences psychosocial problem in caring the child. Samples are divided into 2 groups of control and intervention group. Data were analyzed using Independent t-test and Paired t-test. The results showed that the acceptance in family with mental retardation child  who get ACT was significantly increased. ACT is recommended as primary therapy in nursing care to increase level of acceptance in family with mental retardation child."