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"Reproductive health programs in Indonesia pass across sectoral boundaries and formal authorities that they turn out to be inter-sectorally and vertically complex. Accordingly, the provision of data for reproductive health program planning, monitoring, and evaluation is not easy. Among those topics covered in reproductive health definition, only family planning data generally available and in a comprehensive shape. The management information systems (MIS) of data on other reproductive health topic such as an reproductive tract infections (RTIs), sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and maternal health need to be initiated or more activated. "

"Gender based family planning (FP) services implies the improvement of the equity and the role of men/husbands in FP and reproductive health. However, after 30 years of government-supported FP program in Indonesia, the participation of men is tow. Few studies have been conducted in effort to understand the causes of low male participation in FP in wide-diverse regions of Indonesia. To understand these causes in its intervention districts (OKI in South Sumatera, Tasikmalaya in West Java, Singkawang in West Kalimantan and Kupang in East Nusa Tenggara) . The United Nations Population Fund Country Office Indonesia Guided a study of the causes of low male participation in FP. Field data coiiection was conducted during December 2004 through January 2005. The number of reproductive age couples in the study is 639. The results of the study show that the percentage of husbands who were practicing a male FP method was higher among couples whose wives were older, who had no children, whose wives or husbands had senior high school education or higher, who came from higher income families, whose wives were currently working or ever worked and husbands were currently working, who believed that socio-cultural norms or religions values were against FP practice, who had easy access to male sterilization services and to male condom, who lived in urban areas and whose wives approved of male FP practice. After controlling the other factors, the background characteristics that statistically and significantly affect the probability ever or currently practicing a male FP method in the study location are wife's age, husband's education, household income district of residence, access to male condom and wife's attitude toward male FP practice."

"Latar belakang: Provinsi Banten merupakan provinsi dengan persentase penggunaan MKJP pada wanita kawin terendah se-nasional (13%). Hal tersebut sangat disanyangkan mengingat Provinsi Banten termasuk provinsi penyangga program KB di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan MKJP pada WUS di Provinsi Banten. Metode: Analisis data sekunder dilakukan dengan menggunakan data SDKI tahun 2017. Uji chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan interval kepercayaan 95% digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan kekuatan hubungan antar variabel. Hasil: Cakupan penggunaan MKJP pada WUS di Provinsi Banten pada penelitian ini diestimasikan sebesar 13.3%. Hasil analisis multivariabel menunjukkan variabel yang memiliki hubungan secara statistik antara lain: (a) usia 36-49 tahun [AOR: 4.54; 95% CI: 1.03-20.10]; (b) tingkat pendidikan [AOR: 4.34;95% CI: 1.86-10.17]; (c) jumlah anak hidup [AOR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.44-4.25]; (d) tempat tinggal [AOR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.22-6.48]; (e) sumber layanan KB [AOR: 16.20; 95% CI: 7.44-35.25]. Kesimpulan: WUS yang menerima layanan KB di fasilitas publik memiliki peluang lebih tinggi untuk menggunakan MKJP. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena sebagian besar fasilitas kesehatan publik telah bekerja sama dengan program JKN. Oleh karena itu, dengan meningkatkan kemitraan antara fasilitas kesehatan swasta dengan program JKN diharapkan dapat memperluas aksesibiltas layanan KB terutama bagi peserta JKN.

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Background: Banten is the province with the lowest percentage of the use of LARC among married women nationwide (13%). Considering that Banten is a buffer province for family planning programs in Indonesia which should help to accelerate the program. This study aims to determine the factors influencing the use of LARC among women of reproductive age in Banten Province.

Method: Secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). Chi-square test and logistic regression with 95% confidence interval were used in this study to describe the strength of association between variables.

Results: The percentage of the use of LARC in Banten Province in this study was estimated at 13.3% among women reproductive age. The result of multivariable analysis shows variables associated with the use of LARC included: (a) age 36-49 years [AOR: 4.54; 95% CI: 1.03-20.10]; (b) level of education [AOR: 4.34;95% CI: 1.86-10.17]; (c) number of living children [AOR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.44-4.25]; (d) residence [AOR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.22-6.48]; (e) source of FP [AOR: 16.20; 95% CI: 7.44-35.25].

Conclusion: Women who receive family planning services at public sector have a higher chance of using LARC. This can happen because most public sector have collaborated with the JKN program. Therefore, by increasing the partnership between private sector and the JKN program, it is hoped that it will expand the accessibility of family planning services, especially for JKN participants."

"The justification of this paper is to see howIndonesia's socio-cultural, religious and political settingssurrounding reproductive health education and services foryoung people have evolved and whether any progresses havebeen made since the i994 lCPD Population Program of Action.Why do the Indonesian government still demonstrate a veryconservative approach towards sexuality even thoughincreasing numbers of STDs/HW/AIDS, premarital sex andunsafe premarital abortion are more apparent among youngpeople? Why is reproductive health still absent from the publicpolicy agenda? And why has these issues been forgotten-hidden ' and nat being properly addressed? Discussion will alsobe focus on how the government still treats young Indonesianas a non-sexual being. This paper is based on the l994/95Sexuality and Marriage Values Survey and field research inindonesia during August 2000-March 2001. The survey wasfunded by the Demography and Sociology Program, AustralianNational University while the Australian ?s Department ofEducation, Training and Youth Affairs through the MerdekaFellowship program sponsored the second part of the datacollection."

"Meski tren penggunaan kontrasepsi terus menunjukkan peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun, angka unmet need atau kebutuhan ber-KB yang tidak terpenuhi masih tinggi. Total persentase unmet need pada wanita berstatus kawin umur 15-49 tahun di Indonesia adalah 11,4 persen, di mana 4,5 persen untuk menunda kelahiran, dan 6,9 persen untuk membatasi kelahiran. Meski demikian, pemilihan kontrasepsi mantap pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) yang bertujuan untuk membatasi kelahiran masih tetap rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pemilihan kontrasepsi mantap pada WUS di Indonesia tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain studi cross sectional dengan menggunakan data sekunder SDKI 2012. Sampel pada penelitian ini dibatasi pada WUS yang sedang menikah (currently in union), sedang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi modern (current use modern contraception) MOW/Tubektomi, IUD, suntikan, susuk KB, dan pil KB, dan datanya tersedia lengkap sesuai dengan variabel-variabel yang diteliti. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 16.385 responden. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil analisis menunjukkan umur (≥33 tahun; OR=17,827, 95% CI: 13,142-24,182), pendidikan (tinggi; OR=2,189, 95% CI: 1,295-3,699), status pekerjaan (bekerja; OR=1,256, 95% CI: 1,087-1,452), daerah tempat tinggal (perkotaan; OR=2,229, 95% CI: 1,933-2,570), status ekonomi (teratas; OR=4,452, 95% CI: 3,525-5,622; menengah atas; OR=2,408, 95% CI: 1,878-3,039; menengah; OR=2,048, 95% CI: 1,592-2,634; menengah bawah; OR=1,372, 95% CI: 1,052-1,790), paritas (>5 anak; OR=12,579, 95% CI: 9,944-15,912; 3-4 anak; OR=8,944, 95% CI: 7,324- 10,922), biaya pelayanan KB (mahal; OR=2,225, 95% CI: 1,928-2,566), sumber pelayanan KB (pemerintah; OR=4,380, 95% CI: 3,803-5,044), dan keputusan ber-KB (bersama; OR=1,859, 95% CI: 1,596-2,165) berhubungan dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi mantap.

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Although the trend of contraceptive use continued to increase over the years, the number of unmet need in Family Planning (FP) remain high. The total percentage of unmet need among married women aged 15-49 in Indonesia is 11.4 percent; 4.5 percent for delaying births and 6.9 percent for limiting births. However, the permanent contraceptive choice in Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) which is to limit births remains low. This study aims to determine factors associated with permanent contraceptive choice among WRA in Indonesia 2012. This study used a cross-sectional study design using secondary data IDHS 2012. The sample in this study is limited on currently married WRA, who are using modern contraception (female sterilization/tubectomy, IUD, injection, implant, and birth control pills), and have complete data according to the variables studied. The number of samples is 16.385 respondents. Bivariate analysis using Chi Square test.

The analysis showed that age (≥33 years; OR = 17.827, 95% CI: 13.142 to 24.182), education (higher; OR = 2.189, 95% CI: 1.295 to 3.699), employment status (employed; OR = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.087 to 1.452), area of residence (urban; OR = 2.229, 95% CI: 1.933 to 2.570), economic status (richest; OR = 4.452, 95% CI: 3.525 to 5.622; richer; OR = 2.408, 95% CI: 1.878 to 3.039; middle; OR = 2.048, 95% CI: 1.592 to 2.634; poorer; OR = 1.372, 95% CI: 1.052 to 1.790), parity (>5 children; OR = 12.579, 95% CI : 9.944 to 15.912; 3-4 children; OR = 8.944, 95% CI: 7.324 to 10.922), cost of FP services (expensive; OR = 2.225, 95% CI: 1.928 to 2.566), source of FP services (public; OR = 4.380, 95% CI: 3.803 to 5.044), and FP decisions (together; OR = 1.859, 95% CI: 1.596 to 2.165) are associated with the permanent contraceptive choice."

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Berdasarkan hasil laporan SDKI, angka unmet need KB di Indonesia pada tahun 2012 berada pada angka 11,4% menjadi 10,6% di tahun 2017. Berdasarkan SDKI 2017, angka unmet need Jawa Barat adalah 11% dan angka unmet need KB Sulawesi Selatan berada angka 14.4%. Tingginya angka unmet need menimbulkan berbagai macam permasalahan diantaranya adalah kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan sehingga menimbulkan aborsi yang tidak aman dan berkontribusi pada tingginya angka kematian ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui determinan kejadian unmet need KB pada wanita kawin di Jawa Barat dan Sulawesi Selatan. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan sampel wanita usia 15-49 tahun berstatus kawin/tinggal bersama pasangan. Penelitian ini meggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi logistik untuk menggambarkan kekuatan hubungan antar variabel. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu angka unmet need KB Jawa Barat adalah 10.3% dan angka unmet need KB Sulawesi Selatan adalah 14%. Hasil analisis multivariabel menunjukkan variabel yang memiliki odds ratio terbesar untuk unmet need KB di kedua provinsi adalah dukungan pasangan [AOR=5]. Wanita yang tidak mendapat persetujuan dari pasangan untuk menggunakan kontrasepsi memiliki kemungkinan lima kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami unmet need KB. Keluarga sebagai unit terkecil masyarakat harus diprioritaskan lewat pendekatan pasangan/ peran pria dalam program KB.

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Based on the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey, the percentage of unmet need for family planning in Indonesia namely at 11.4% in 2012 to 10.6% in 2017. Meanwhile, based on IDHS 2017, the unmet need for West Java is 11% and the unmet need for family planning in South Sulawesi is 14.4%. The high rate of unmet need raises various kinds of problems including unwanted pregnancies, causing unsafe abortions and contributing to high maternal and infant mortality rates. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the determinants of the incidence of unmet need for family planning among married women in West Java and South Sulawesi. The study design that is used in this study is cross-sectional with a sample of women aged 15-49 years who were currently married/living with a partner. This study uses the chi-square test and logistic regression to describe the strength of the relationship between variables. The results of this study are the unmet need for family planning in West Java is 10.3% and the unmet need for family planning in South Sulawesi is 14%. The results of the multivariable analysis showed that the variable that had the greatest odds ratio for unmet family planning needs in the two provinces was spousal support [AOR=5]. Women who do not receive consent from their partners to use contraception are five times more likely to experience unmet need for family planning. The family as the smallest unit of society must be prioritized through the male partner/role approach in family planning programs.

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"Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh dari faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi (pendidikan, lapangan usaha, dan status ekonomi), demografi dan tempat tinggal, budaya (otonomi istri dan preferensi jenis kelamin anak), dan program KB (diskusi tentang KB, memperoleh penerangan KB, dan keterpaparan media) terhadap preferensi fertilitas wanita usia subur (WUS) kawin/hidup bersama usia 15-49 tahun. Data yang digunakan adalah data WUS kawin/hidup bersama hasil Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2012 dengan menerapkan metode analisis deskriptif dan regresi logistik multinomial.Dalam hal membandingkan antara preferensi dua anak tidak cukup terhadap dua anak cukup (dua anak cukup sebagai acuan), hasil analisis menyimpulkan bahwa umur kawin pertama memiliki korelasi negatif terhadap preferensi dua anak tidak cukup. WUS kawin yang berpendidikan tinggi justru berpreferensi dua anak tidak cukup begitu juga WUS kawin yang suami/pasangannya berpendidikan tinggi. WUS kawin yang tidak bekerja cenderung untuk berpreferensi dua anak cukup, sementara mereka yang bekerja di sektor pertanian cenderung berpreferensi dua anak tidak cukup. Sementara itu, WUS kawin yang suami/pasangan tidak bekerja dan yang bekerja di sektor pertanian sama-sama cenderung berpreferensi dua anak tidak cukup. Status ekonomi memiliki korelasi negatif terhadap preferensi dua anak tidak cukup. Tidak ada perbedaan antara mereka yang tinggal di perkotaan dan di perdesaan terhadap preferensi jumlah anak. Otonomi istri memiliki korelasi negatif terhadap preferensi dua anak tidak cukup. Mereka yang memiliki preferensi jenis kelamin anak cenderung berpreferensi dua anak cukup. WUS kawin yang pernah mendengar KB, memperoleh penerangan KB, dan berdiskusi tentang KB selama 6 bulan terakhir cenderung berpreferensi dua anak cukup.

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This research studies the influence of social and the economic factors (education, field of business, and economic status), demographic and residence, cultural (the autonomy of wife and preferences sex of the child), and the family planning program (discussion about family planning, acquiring lighting , and media exposure) on the fertility preference of the childbearing age women (wanita usia subur/WUS) that married / living together ages 15-49. The data used is WUS data resulted of Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2012 by applying the method of descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression.In terms of comparing the preferences of two children was not enough against the two children are enough (two children are enough as a reference), the results of the analysis concluded that the age at first marriage has a negative correlation with the preference of two children is not enough. WUS highly educated precisely prefers two children are not enough so well WUS with the husband / partner educated. WUS who does not work tends to prefer two children are enough, while those who work in agriculture tends to prefer two children is not enough. Meanwhile, WUS whose husband / spouse does not work and who work in the agricultural sector are equally likely to prefer two children is not enough. Economic status has a negative correlation with the preference of two children is not enough. There is no difference between those who lives in urban and in rural areas to the preferences of children. The autonomy of wife has a negative correlation with the preference of two children is not enough. Those who have a gender preference of children tends to prefer two children are enough. WUS who ever heard family planning progran (keluarga berencana/KB), KB obtained information, and discussion of family planning during the last 6 months tends to prefer two children are enough."

"Skripsi ini membahas determinan atau faktor-faktor yang bisa berpengaruh terhadap status unmet need KB yang bisa dialami oleh wanita. Determinan ini berupa karakteristik atau latar belakang individu yang bisa menimbulkan cost/biaya dan motivasi tertentu dalam penggunaan kontrasepsi sehingga mengakibatkan kebutuhan dari individu terhadap KB tidak bisa terpenuhi. Dalam skripsi ini dilakukan dua analisis: deskriptif dan inferensial terhadap total unmet need berdasarkan data SDKI tahun 2007 dengan ruang lingkup nasional atau seluruh Indonesia. Analisis inferensial menggunakan model regresi logistik biner atau logit. Hasil analisis terhadap data SDKI sejak tahun 1991 menunjukkan bahwa persentase unmet need di Indonesia telah mengalami penurunan sejak tahun 1991 walaupun angka tersebut stagnan sejak 3 survei terakhir selama 12 tahun di angka 9 persen. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa unmet need telah menjadi permasalahan laten yang belum bisa sepenuhnya diatasi dan pemerintah harus menjadikan permasalahan ini sebagai salah satu fokus penyelesaian dalam program KB pada masa yang akan datang, demi menunjang pembangunan di bidang kependudukan,walaupun angka 9 persen masih sangat rendah bila dibandingkan dengan negara-negara berkembang lainnya di dunia. Analisis deskriptif menemukan bahwa persentase unmet need akan menurun seiring meningkatnya umur wanita dan meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah anak yang dimiliki serta memiliki nilai lebih tinggi pada golongan wanita yang tidak bekerja, bertempat tinggal di desa, kurang berpendidikan, berada pada tingkat kesejahteraan yang rendah, belum pernah memakai KB, dan suaminya tidak setuju terhadap KB. Analisis menggunakan model multivariat dengan metode logistik biner menunjukkan bahwa umur wanita, jumlah anak masih hidup, status kerja wanita, pendidikan tertinggi, kesejahteraan, wilayah tempat tinggal, status pernah tidaknya memakai KB, persetujuan suami terhadap KB dan banyaknya diskusi tentang KB di antara pasangan, berpengaruh kepada status unmet need KB wanita pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%, dengan hasil yang tidak berlawanan dengan hasil analisis deskriptif kecuali untuk variabel wilayah tempat tinggal dan pendidikan tertinggi.

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This thesis discuss about the determinants or factors that could give effects to the status of unmet need for family planning experienced by women. These determinants are the individual characteristics that will cause some certain costs or motivation to the women in using contraception, and could make the demand or willingness from the women to use family planning become unaccomplished. This thesis performs two kind of analysis: Descriptive and inferential analysis of the total unmet need based on data of IDHS 2007 which has a national scope for all provinces in Indonesia.

The analysis of IDHS data since 1991 showing that the percentage of unmet need for family planning have been declining, although the amount of percentage is stagnant for the last 12 years during the last 3 IDHS. This fact shows that unmet need for family planning in Indonesia has become a latent problem which cannot be completely solved and the government should pay attention in solving this problem in the future as a part of sustaining a development in population aspect of the country, although the percentage is relatively low for Indonesia if compared to another developing countries in the world.

Descriptive analysis finds that the percentage of unmet needs will decrease as the age of women become older, and will increase when the number of child possessed by the women is also increasing. The percentage of unmet need would be higher for women with some certain characteristics : Not working women, living in rural area, less educated, low welfare, never use any method of contraception, never discuss family planning with partner and whose husband is disagree to family planning.

Analysis using multivariate model with binary logistic method shows that age of women, number of living children possessed, women working status, women highest education, place of living, welfare, ever use of contraception, discussion about family planning with husband, and the husband approval to family planning are significant determinants for women unmet need status in 95% confidence interval, and the results for all variable are the same with the descriptive analysis conducted before, except for place of living and women highest education variables."