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"Tesis ini meneliti tentang hambatan yang dihadapi Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Filipina dalam kerja sama patroli maritim trilateral (trilateral maritime patrol) di Laut Sulu dan Sulawesi dengan menggunakan kelima variabel rezim keamanan yakni norma dan prinsip, aturan main, kepentingan nasional, kekuatan politik, dan pengetahuan yang didasari oleh ancaman yang ada di kawasan Laut Sulu dan Sulawesi. Analisis tersebut memberikan hasil bahwa ketiga negara kesulitan melakukan kerja sama dikarenakan beberapa hambatan berikut: prinsip kedaulatan dalam ASEAN Way yang dianut ketiga negara justru menghambat pelaksanaan patroli, aturan main dalam TCA tidak mengikat secara hukum dan tidak mengatur perluasan hak pengejaran seketika, adanya kepentingan nasional yang tumpang-tindih membuat negara-negara lalai akan tujuan utama kerja sama, dan terdapat ketimpangan yang cukup besar dalam kekuatan politik ketiga negara. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia sebagai negara dengan insentif kerja sama terbesar perlu untuk terus mendorong kedua negara lainnya untuk segera merealisasikan kerja sama. Selain itu ketiga negara perlu menunjuk keketuaan atau koordinator secara bergiliran untuk menjamin pertanggungjawaban pelaksanaan kerja sama dan merumuskan aturan main yang lebih mengikat secara hukum.Ketiga negara juga perlu untuk bekerja sama dalam capacity building untuk membantu negara yang lebih lemah menyetarakan (jenis dan teknologi) kapal-kapal yang akan digunakan untuk patroli agar memudahkan dalam komando dan pengendaliannya.

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This thesis examines the obstacles faced by Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines in the cooperation of trilateral maritime patrols in the Sulu Sea and Sulawesi. In analyzing these obstacles, this thesis uses the five variables of the security regime: norms and principles, rules of conduct, national interests, political power, and knowledge based on the threats that exist in the Sulu and Sulawesi. The purpose of this exercise to identify the constraints that exist in the joint trilateral joint patrol cooperation between Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. This thesis finds that the three countries embrace the norms and principles of the ASEAN Way which embraces the principle of sovereignty, and as such erodes the effectiveness of cooperation. In addition, the TCA principles result in the absence of legally-binding, and the regulation of the extention of the right of hot pursuit. The over-emphasis on non-intervention in the pursuit of national interests leads tothe neglect of the main purpose of cooperation, and there is considerable imbalance in the political power of the three countries. Therefore, referring to the concept of the security regime, this cooperation will not work effectively if the variables in the regime are not met. Indonesia as a country with the largest cooperation incentives needs to continue to encourage the other two countries to immediately realize the critical significan of the cooperation. In addition, the three countries also need to appoint a coordinator to ensure the accountability of the implementation of cooperation.There is also a need to formulate more legally binding rules. Finally, the states in the region need cooperate in the capacity building that helps weaker states to equalize the type and technology of vessels to be used for patrols to facilitate command and control.

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"ABSTRAKPraktik illegal fishing di dunia semakin masif dan berkembang melibatkan teknik-teknik yang digunakan untuk mengeksploitasi kelemahan dalam regulasi perikanan dunia. Berbagai kejahatan serius dan bersifat lintas batas negara atau transnational organized crime dilakukan demi melancarkan operasinya. Sejumlah laporan kasus menemukan adanya hubungan erat antara transnational organized crime dengan illegal fishing memunculkan gagasan perubahan paradigma illegal fishing dari permasalahan pengelolaan dan konservasi perikanan atau administratif menjadi kejahatan dan diatur dalam United Nations Convention Againts Transnational Organized Crime UNTOC sebagai transnational organized crime. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif yang akan menganalisis berbagai kasus illegal fishing skala besar yang disertai praktik transnational organized crime berdasarkan kriteria transnational organized crime dalam UNTOC. Berdasarkan analisis kasus menggunakan sumber data dari kepustakaan dan wawancara, dapat disimpulkan bahwa illegal fishing dalam skala besar sudah memenuhi kriteria sebagai transnational organized crime. Oleh karena itu illegal fishing tidak dapat dianggap hanya sebagai sekadar isu administratif, namun sebagai kejahatan serius. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsepsi fisheries crime dapat menjembatani illegal fishing untuk dapat dikategorikan sebagai transnational organized fisheries crime. Namun, konsepsi ini masih prematur mengingat luasnya cakupan dari fisheries crime dan belum adanya dokumen hukum yang secara eksplisit mengatur definisi jelas dari illegal fishing selain dari IPOA-IUU dibawah naungan FAO. Diperlukan pendekatan multi-door approach untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, sebab, illegal fishing merupakan kejahatan yang dapat memiliki berbagai modus dan bentuk, sehingga pendekatan multidisipliner dapat membantu untuk dapat mengatasi permasalahan ini bagaimanapun bentuknya.

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ABSTRACTThe practice of illegal fishing in the world is massively increasing and growing in which it involves different techniques used to exploit the weaknesses in the world 39 s existing fisheries regulations. A variety of serious crimes that coincidingly crosses between state borders, or what is commonly referred to as a transnational organized crime, takes place in order to ease this operation. A number of case reports indicate a very close link between transnational organized crime and illegal fishing and therefore it brings about the idea for a change in the paradigm of illegal fishing from a fish management and conservation or administrative issue into a crime paradigm to be regarded as a transnational organized crime and to be regulated within the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime UNTOC itself. This thesis makes use of a juridical normative research method that will analyze various cases of large scale illegal fishing associated with transnational organized crime practices based on the criteria of a transnational organized crime as stipulated in the UNTOC. Based on a case analysis utilizing several data sources from literatures and interviews, it can be concluded that illegal fishing on a large scale evidently meets the criteria of a transnational organized crime. Therefore, illegal fishing cannot be regarded as merely an administrative issue, but has to also be viewed as a serious crime. The results of this study indicate that the concept of fisheries crime can become a bridge for illegal fishing to be categorized as a transnational organized fisheries crime. However, this conception is premature given the broad scope of fisheries crime itself and the absence of legal documents explicitly regulating a clear definition of illegal fishing aside from the IPOA IUU under the authority of the FAO. A multi door approach is needed to address this problem, because illegal fishing is a crime that can arise from multiple methods and forms, hence a multidisciplinary approach can help to overcome this problem no matter what form it comes in."

"Transnational organized crime has become a burning issue for the international community the past decade. Money laundering, human trafficking. drug trafficking, terrorism and firearms smuggling ore examples of illicit dealing committed by organized criminal groups for their material or other gain at the expense of the rest of the society. The evasiveness and complicity of illegal organizations committing such crimes have compelled the United Nations to adopt a number of conventions including their protocols t`n order to combat their widening activities. Indonesia is taking similar steps. especially through legislative measures. despite the desperate conditions faced by the nations in term of law enforcement in general. Nonetheless. as victim of a number of crimes, which, among others, are alleged. to have been committed by transnational organized criminal indonesia is in dire need to take more serious measures in addition to legislative ones, including international and regional cooperations. Even though such decisions are in the hands of the ruling elite, the role of public, particularly the civil society should not be neglected."