Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Contraception is an integral dimension of women'shealth both of them are components of the broader- objectives offamily planning and life long well-being i.e., controlling ones lifepattern. Research data indicates of decline in fertility rates. infantmortality and child mortality rates with womens' development andeconomic advancement, women ?s acknowledge the need forcontraception and limiting the number of pregnancies. This studyused the Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2, l 998-99),2000, for currently married women aged l5-49 years. The objectiveof the study is to explore the substantial impact of the use moderncontraceptive methods on fertility, infant and child mortality ratesin India. The knowledge of modern contraceptive methods is nearlyuniform (99%) among the currently married women irrespective oftheir socioeconomic and geographical affiliation. The practice ofcontraception does not only reduce the fertility, infant, and childmortality rates, but also has major impact on the quality of theirlives and reproductive health status. The strong, consistent, andnegative significant eject of family planning methods have beenobserved on aggregate decline of fertility. infant, and childmortality. The socioeconomic background of women (education,religion, and standard of living) influenced the practice of familyplanning methods significantly. The use of family planning methodssubsequently help to bring down the fertility, infant, and childmortality rates."

"Dampak demografis pemakaian kontrasepsi tidak hanya tergantung pada prevalensi kontrasepsi tetapi juga tergantung pads kelangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi. Ketidaklangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi yang tinggi mengindikasikan adanya ketidakpuasan terhadap suatu metode kontrasepsi atau pelayanan KB yang dipcroleh dari suatu sumber alat/cara KB. Oleh karena itu penting untuk mengetahui variasi ketidaklangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi dari sumbcr alat/Cara KB yang berbeda pada wanita dengan karakteristik sosiodemografi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh snmber alat/cara KB dan faktor sosiodemografi terhadap ketidaklangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi di Indonesia, bcrdasarkan data historis pemakaian kontrasepsi dalam kalender SDKI 2007, dengan menggunakan metode analisis IW table dan rcgresi C5x. Hasil analisis lgfe table tingkat ketidaklangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi menunjukkan bahwa tingkat ketidaklangsungan lebih tinggi pada pemakaian kontrasepsi oleh wanita dengan karakteristik: memperoleh kontrasepsi dari surnber swasta, menggunakan pil KB, bertujuan menunda kelahiran, berusia lebih muda, dengan jumlah anak Iebih sedikit, mempunyai tingkat pendidikan dan status sosialekonomi tinggi dan tinggal di daerah perkotaan. Hasil analisis multivariat menggunakan model regresi Cox menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian kontrasepsi yang berasal dari sumber Iainnya mempunyai risiko ketidaklangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi lebih kecil daripada pemakaian kontrasepsi yang bersumber dari fasilitas swasta atau pemerintah. Pcmakaian metode kontrasepsi jangka panjang, jumlah anak masih hidup, dan motivasi yang kuat untuk membatasi kelahiran mempunyai pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap ketidaklangsungan pemakaian kontrasepsi. Sedangkan faktor sosiodemografi seperti umur, urnur kawin penmna dan tingkat pendidikan pasangan suami istri dan bertempat tinggal di perkotaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kctidaldangsungan pcmakaian kontrascpsi.

---

The effect of using contraception demographically not only depend on contraceptive prevalence but also on contraceptive continuation. Higher contraceptive discontinuation indicates dissatisfaction of using a contraceptive method. Hence, it is important to study the variation of contraceptive discontinuation of different contraceptive source on women with some socio demographic characteristics.

This research studies the effect of contraceptive source and socio demographic factors on contraceptive discontinuation in Indonesia, based on calendar data of 2007 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. Life table analysis and Cox regression are used to describe this effect.

Life table analysis results shows that higher contraceptive discontinuation is found on women with private contraceptive source, using pill, birth spacing as contraceptive intention, younger, viewer children, higher education, higher socio economic status and live in urban.

Cox regression model results that using contraceptive method from other source has lower contraceptive discontinuation risk than using contraceptive method from private or government Facilities. Long term method, number of living children and stronger motivation to limiting birth has significant and negative effect on contraceptive discontinuation. Socio demographic factors as age, age at first union, spouse education and live in urban has significant and positive effect on contraceptive discontinuation."

"This study investigates the relationship between the level of socio-economic development and infant and child mortality in India. The perspective of this study is based on the "Theory of Demographic Transition" which states that improved public health programs and technological and medical advances bring down the level of mortality. The study tests the following major hypothesis: the higher level the level of socio-economic development, the lower the infant and child mortality rates among the states in India. The study applies correlation and multiple regression analysis to data collected by the National Family Health Survey 1992-1993, one of the most comprehensive surveys of its kind ever conducted in India by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India. The finding support the theory of demographic transition in large measure revealing that the overall socio-economic development is inversely related to infant and child mortality rates among the states of India."

"Infant mortality in Orissa has started showing signs of decline as evident from the National family Health Survey-III (2005-06) after a period of long spell of persistently high infant mortality rate...."

" The study attempted to identify important ejects ofdemographic characteristics on infant and child mortality. The datafor the study was collected in 2004 under the project of the UNFPAentitled "Strengthening the Department of Population Science andHuman Resource Development" of Rajshahi University,Bangladesh. Application of logistic regression model suggests thatdemographic factors are associated with the chance of cliildsurvival. Breastfeeding and immunization practice of children hashighly significant effects on infant and child mortality among all theincluded demographic variables. The results show that the risk ofinfant and child mortality was higher for children whose mothernever breastfed than for children who were breastfed. The analysisresults also show that the children who got full immunizations hadlower risks of infant and child mortality than those who were notimmunized at all. Similarly, risk of infant and child mortalitygradually declined as both mother ?s age at marriage and mother 'sage at birth increased"

"[ABSTRAKSalah satu tujuan pembangunan milenium dari tahun 1990 sampai dengan2015 adalah mengurangi tingkat kematian balita hingga dua per tiga. Sampaidengan saat ini, Indonesia telah berada pada jalur yang tepat dalam mencapaitarget tersebut. Akan tetapi, perkembangan yang lambat pada penurunan kematianbayi menunjukkan bahwa diperlukan perhatian lebih untuk meningkatkankeselamatan pada bayi usia muda. Termotivasi oleh kondisi tersebut, penelitian inihendak mengidentifikasi determinan kematian bayi di Indonesia pada tahun 1997sampai dengan 2012 menggunakan data Indonesia Demographic and HealthSurvey (IDHS) periode ke 4, 5 dan 6. Disamping itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuanuntuk mengidentifikasi eksternalitas yang dapat diperoleh dari investasi padapendidikan ibu, sarana dan prasarana yang memadai pada sumber air minum dansanitasi, serta vaksinasi anak di lingkungan sekitar rumah tangga. Kerangkakonseptual dari penelitian ini didasarkan pada kerangka teoritis Mosley dan Chen(1984). Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi logistik untuk mengestimasi pengaruhdari berbagai macam faktor yang mempengaruhi kematian bayi.Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa faktor bio-demografis, yaknikarakteristik ibu dan anak adalah faktor kunci dalam memprediksi kematian bayidi Indonesia. Bayi berjenis kelamin pria, anak kembar, ibu dengan tingkatkelahiran tinggi, jarak kelahiran yang pendek antar bayi, usia ibu diatas 35 tahun,dan komplikasi kehamilan merupakan faktor-faktor yang terbukti berhubunganpositif dengan kematian bayi. Faktor perilaku antara lain institusi kelahiran,pengetahuan tentang cairan rehidrasi oral, dan praktek kontrasepsi merupakanfaktor-faktor penting yang memiliki hubungan negatif dengan kematian bayi.Selain itu, higienitas pada tempat tinggal seperti ketersediaan sumber air minumyang bersih, kepemilikan toilet pribadi, dan penggunaan material lantai yanglebih baik juga merupakan faktor penting yang dapat meningkatkan statusketahanan hidup bayi di Indonesia. Beberapa variabel sosio ekonomis jugaterbukti merupakan determinan penting dari tingkat kematian bayi di Indonesia.Diantara berbagai jenis faktor tersebut, jumah anggota rumah tangga merupakanfaktor yang memiliki keterkaitan yang paling kuat dengan kematian bayi. Padalevel komunitas, regional Sumatra dan Kalimantan pada periode 2012 memilikitingkat keterjadian kematian bayi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan denganregional Jawa dan Bali sedangkan regional Sulawesi pada periode 2007 memilikitingkat keterjadian kematian bayi yang lebih tinggi. Lebih lanjut, penelit ian inimenemukan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat pada program imunisasi pemerintahnasional memberikan efek eksternalitas yang positif pada tingkat ketahanan hidupbayi di Indonesia

---

ABSTRACT

Reduction of under-five mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015

is a Millennium Development Goal (MDG). Indonesia has been on track in

achieving the MDG target on under-five mortality. However, slower progress on

infant mortality reduction shows that more attention should be given in order to

improve the survival of younger children. Motivated by this situation, this study

attempts to identify determinants of infant mortality in Indonesia between 1997

and 2012 using the 4th, 5th and 6th rounds of the Indonesia Demographic and

Health Survey (IDHS) data. In addition, the study aims to identify externalities

which may be generated by investments in mother’s education, water and

sanitation, and child vaccination by a household’s neighbors. The conceptual

framework is based on Mosley and Chen (1984). Logistic regressions are used to

estimate the effect of a variety of factors on infant mortality.

The regression results shows that bio-demographic factors which include

child and maternal traits are key predictors of infant mortality in Indonesia. Male

sex, birth multiplicity, higher birth rank, shorter birth interval, mother age above

35 years, and complication during pregnancy are positively related to infant

mortality. Behavioral practices such as institutional delivery, knowledge of Oral

Rehydration Solutions (ORS), and especially contraceptive practice are also

important factors that negatively related to infant mortality. Moreover,

household’s hygiene characteristics such as safe drinking water source, private

toilet, and improved flooring materials are also important factors that increase

infant survival status in Indonesia. Some socio economic variables are also found

to be significant determinants of infant mortality in Indonesia. Among the various

factors, the number of household members is the strongest factors related to infant

mortality. At the community level, Sumatra and Kalimantan regions in 2012 have

lower odds of infant mortality, whereas Sulawesi region in 2007 has higher odds

of infant mortality as compare to Java and Bali. Furthermore, the study finds that

immunization participation in the community has a positive spillover effect on

infant survival status.

Relevance to Development Studies

Beside economic achievement, the level of development in a country is also

reflected in the health status of its people. Several health indicators, including

mortality rate in young children, have been used by the United Nation

Development Programme (UNDP) as measurements of poverty. The literature

suggests that the high numbers of Child Mortality Rate (CMR), Infant Mortality

Rate (IMR), and Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) exist in the Less Developed

Countries (LDCs). Indonesia, a middle income country in South East Asia has

been successful in reducing child mortality, but has not yet made enough progress

in reducing infant and neonatal mortality. Situation analysis is needed to identify

factors which may provide insights on how greater progress may be achieved.

, Reduction of under-five mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015

is a Millennium Development Goal (MDG). Indonesia has been on track in

achieving the MDG target on under-five mortality. However, slower progress on

infant mortality reduction shows that more attention should be given in order to

improve the survival of younger children. Motivated by this situation, this study

attempts to identify determinants of infant mortality in Indonesia between 1997

and 2012 using the 4th, 5th and 6th rounds of the Indonesia Demographic and

Health Survey (IDHS) data. In addition, the study aims to identify externalities

which may be generated by investments in mother’s education, water and

sanitation, and child vaccination by a household’s neighbors. The conceptual

framework is based on Mosley and Chen (1984). Logistic regressions are used to

estimate the effect of a variety of factors on infant mortality.

The regression results shows that bio-demographic factors which include

child and maternal traits are key predictors of infant mortality in Indonesia. Male

sex, birth multiplicity, higher birth rank, shorter birth interval, mother age above

35 years, and complication during pregnancy are positively related to infant

mortality. Behavioral practices such as institutional delivery, knowledge of Oral

Rehydration Solutions (ORS), and especially contraceptive practice are also

important factors that negatively related to infant mortality. Moreover,

household’s hygiene characteristics such as safe drinking water source, private

toilet, and improved flooring materials are also important factors that increase

infant survival status in Indonesia. Some socio economic variables are also found

to be significant determinants of infant mortality in Indonesia. Among the various

factors, the number of household members is the strongest factors related to infant

mortality. At the community level, Sumatra and Kalimantan regions in 2012 have

lower odds of infant mortality, whereas Sulawesi region in 2007 has higher odds

of infant mortality as compare to Java and Bali. Furthermore, the study finds that

immunization participation in the community has a positive spillover effect on

infant survival status.

Relevance to Development Studies

Beside economic achievement, the level of development in a country is also

reflected in the health status of its people. Several health indicators, including

mortality rate in young children, have been used by the United Nation

Development Programme (UNDP) as measurements of poverty. The literature

suggests that the high numbers of Child Mortality Rate (CMR), Infant Mortality

Rate (IMR), and Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR) exist in the Less Developed

Countries (LDCs). Indonesia, a middle income country in South East Asia has

been successful in reducing child mortality, but has not yet made enough progress

in reducing infant and neonatal mortality. Situation analysis is needed to identify

factors which may provide insights on how greater progress may be achieved.

]"