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"Jagakarsa is one of "the water catchment areas" in Jakarta that has green open space. The elements and design of the green open space are very important to be studied, in relation to the occurrence of the wild animal particularly birds in this area. The tittle of this study is "A study on biodiversity of green open space in Jagakarsa water catchment area". The report was divided into two sub tittles: "Vegetation structure and composition at the green open space of water catchment area in Jagakarsa", and "Bird inventory at the green open space of water catchment area in Jagakarsa". The objectives of this study are to examine the structure and composition of the vegetation related to the occurrence of birds in the green open space.The study was conducted from July to December 1999 by compiling both primary and secondary data. The study area was divided into four categories; home garden, green belt along the river, cemetery area (modern and traditional), and urban forests.The highest diversity of vegetation was found in home garden, which was consisted of fruits, and plants used as house fence. Over half of plantin species at home garden are ornamental plant. Beside that, heterogeneity plants at home garden showed higher than the other green open space in Jagakarsa, Also, home garden was managed better than the other green open space in Jagakarsa.Generally, people around the river use green belt along the river as fruit garden. Plant species diversity in those belt are lower than home garden and less managed by people. However, at the green belt along Krukut river was found the regenerated of plants. The vegetation neither ornamental nor valuable cemetery plants with urban cemetery concept was dominated by ornamental plants with high esthetical value, which has maximum height less than one meter. In the traditional cemetery, Ptumeria alba, Codeaeum variegatum, Dracaena fragrans were found dominantly planted with irregularity in patterns.There were 28 species of 18 families of birds found in this study. The highest number of species {15 species) was found at the green belt along Ciliwung River, and surrounding of Situ Babakan (14 species). Water birds were found at Ciliwung River, Kali Krukut, and Situ Babakan. Birds that living in high grasses and shrubs also found at these areas. Most of the birds found in the area are insectivore (42,86%).Vegetation is very important for bird, not only as food resources but also as a resting, sleeping, and nesting place. Fruits and flowers as food resources of insect related to the occurrence of birds were discussed in this paper.iv Habitat degadration and bird hunting are threats for the birds. Therefore, community awareness, selection of plant species, and design of vegetation pattern that fulfil the needs of bird are very important for bird conservation in urban city."

"The environmental issue has been the major issue in the world nowadays. This issue also has encourage many big cities around the world to implement the green cities concept in their city development, to reach the minimal standard 30% green open space of the city?s area, that has been settled on the Earth Conference at Johannesburg in 2002. In Jakarta, as an effort to reach the minimal 13,94% standard that has been settled in the Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah DKI Jakarta 2010 (RTRW 2010), the local government especially Dinas Pertamanan DKI Jakarta are trying to rearrange the use of the land that has been improperly used by people. One of the refunction is on Taman Ayodia, which is well known by the name Pasar Barito. There has been resistance made by the small merchants (PKL) in Pasar Barito regarding the ondemnation process.

Due to that reason, the research questions in this research are: how was the implementation process seen from Edward III?s and Grindle?s conceptions about the dimensions of a policy implementation and which dimension that is dominant in the policy implementation process?

The research method that the researcher uses in this research is positivist approach which is helped by qualitative data technique. The type of this research is descriptive research. In collecting data, researcher uses in depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Qualitative data is the most important data which is supported by literature studies from books, journal, etc.

The result from this research is that the implementation of green open space refunction in Taman Ayodia has been done but still it has lack of perfection due to the resistance that the small merchants (PKL) made within the condemnation process. The imperfection came from the lack of communication and lack of interests affected from the implementers that the small merchants refer to an improper relocation place and there is no access for the citizen to participate in the decision making of the policy.

The suggestion that has been made to Dinas Pertamanan was to enhance the communication within the organization and enhance the coordination to make the socialization of the program heard and understood by the interests affected clearly. So that in the future a successful policy implementation can be achieved."

"Ruang terbuka hijau memiliki fungsi ekologi sebagai daerah resapan air dan sumber kenyamanan termal, dan akan optimal jika memiliki luasan lahan bervegetasi sebesar 80-90 %. Ruang terbuka hijau Kalijodo memiliki komposisi luasan lahan bervegetasi sebesar 48 %. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, menggunakan metode campuran untuk menganalisis fungsi ruang terbuka hijau Kalijodo sebagai daerah resapan air dan sumber kenyamanan termal. Hasil penelitian terkait kemampuan penyerapan air menunjukkan nilai sebesar 44,98 %, dan belum memenuhi kriteria penyerapan air ideal suatu taman kota, yaitu sebesar 75-95 %. Hasil penelitian terkait nilai indeks kenyamanan termal (THI) menunjukkan nilai sebesar 30,75, dan nilai ini termasuk dalam kategori sangat tidak nyaman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ruang terbuka hijau Kalijodo tidak menjalankan fungsinya sebagai daerah resapan air dan sumber kenyamanan termal.

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Green open space has an ecological function as a water catchment area and a source of thermal comfort, and will be optimal if it has a vegetated area of 80-90 %. Kalijodo green open space has a 48 % composition of vegetated land area. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach, using a mixed method to analyze the function of the Kalijodo green open space as a water catchment area and a source of thermal comfort. The results of the research related to the water absorption capacity showed a value of 44,98 %, and it did not meet the ideal water absorption criteria for a city park, which was 75-95 %. The results of the research related to the value of the thermal humidity index (THI) showed a value of 30,75, and this value was included in the very uncomfortable category. This results indicated that the Kalijodo green open space does not function as a water catchment area and a source of thermal comfort."

"Depok merupakan salah satu kawasan strategis nasional yang harus dilindungi fungsinya dan merupakan kawasan yang diapit oleh kota Bogor dan kota Jakarta. Kondisi tersebut mengharuskan Depok sebagai kota penyangga hidup kota Jakarta. Namun, akibat arus mobilisasi dan migrasi yang tinggi menjadikan fungsi kota Depok beralih menjadi kota padat pemukiman serta ditandai adanya kompleksitas perkotaan sehingga menyebabkan kota Depok tidak berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan positivis-kualitatif dengan mengacu 4 indikator dari teori Edward III yaitu: 1) Sumber Daya; 2) Disposisi; 3)Komunikasi; 4) Struktur. Berdasarkan analisis pada keempat indikator tersebut, diketahui bahwa implementasi penyediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kota Depok terkendala pada sumber daya, komunikasi dan struktur birokrasi.

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Depok is one of the national strategic areas that should be protected for its functions. Depok is also an area that is flanked by Bogor and Jakarta. Therefore, Depok becomes a buffer city which supports its neighbourhood areas, such as Jakarta. Due to the current high mobilization and migration, Depok turns into densely populated city and urban area which characterized by its complexity. This makes Depok can not do its functions properly.

By using qualitative-positivist approache, researcher analyzes the case byusing Edward III's four indicators, which are: 1) Resources; 2) Disposition; 3) Communication, 4) Structure. Based on the analysis of four indicators, it is known that the implementation of the Green Open Space Regulation in Depok is hampered on its resources, communication process and birocratic structure."

"Provinsi DKI Jakarta sebagai Ibukota Negara Republik Indonesia memiliki perkembangan pembangunan fisik yang cukup pesat. Beberapa area di perkotaan belum secara intensif untuk mengalokasikan sebagai ruang publik, melainkan semakin banyaknya pembangunan seperti mall, perkantoran, dan perhotelan. Dengan adanya pembangunan yang cukup pesat tersebut, Kota Jakarta membutuhkan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) untuk menjaga keserasian dan keseimbangan ekosistem lingkungan perkotaan. Kebijakan publik mengenai RTH di wilayah perkotaan memiliki nilai estetika dan sekaligus sebagai wahana interaksi sosial bagi penduduk di perkotaan. Sulitnya pembebasan lahan dan kurangnya komitmen para pemangku kepentingan untuk meningkatkan lahan RTH menjadi kendala untuk mencapai target pengalokasian lahan RTH sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan RTH di DKI Jakarta dan faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhinya. Penulis menggunakan model teori implementasi yang dikembangkan oleh Merilee S. Grindle. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan postpositivis dengan metode kualitatif dnegan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam dengan beberapa pihak terkait. Hasil penelitian diperoleh (1) implementasi kebijakan ruang terbuka hijau oleh Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta belum sepenuhnya sempurna; (2) beberapa kendala diantaranya pembebasan lahan dan belum ada peraturan mengenai Masterplan RTH DKI Jakarta yang dapat menunjang penyelenggaraan penataan RTH di DKI Jakarta menjadi faktor-faktor penghambat yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan ruang terbuka hijau di DKI Jakarta.

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DKI Jakarta Province as the Capital of the Republic of Indonesia has a fairly rapid development of physical development. Some areas in urban areas have not been intensively allocated as public spaces, but more and more development such as malls, offices, and hospitality. With this rapid development, the City of Jakarta needs Green Open Space (RTH) to maintain the harmony and balance of the ecosystem of the urban environment.

Public policy regarding open green space in urban areas has aesthetic value and is also a vehicle for social interaction for urban residents. The difficulty of land acquisition and the lack of commitment of stakeholders to increase green open land is an obstacle to achieving the target of allocating green space according to Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of green open space policy in DKI Jakarta and what factors influence it. The author uses an implementation theory model developed by Merilee S. Grindle. This study uses a postpositivist approach with qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews with several related parties.

The results of the study were obtained (1) the implementation of the green open space policy by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government has not been fully perfect; (2) some constraints including land acquisition and there are no regulations regarding the DKI Jakarta Open Space Plan that can support the implementation of green open space arrangements in DKI Jakarta are the inhibiting factors that affect the implementation of green open space policies in DKI Jakarta."

"Urban development in general focused more on economic dimension than ecologic dimension. Natural environment conversed into build environment without considering ecosystem principles. Development of urban physical structure head to maximum, while development of natural structure were minimum. In urban system open green space were hopped to becoming main proponent of areal system where its natural elements and structures were supposed to be a united system integrated with areal space system plan, on specified site, urban or regional area. Te pattern of urban green open space's network that will act as control tool to physical development. Jakarta international resort reclamation area as part of urban development in Jakarta were built with ecological principles in order to maintain a balance environmental system in the development of built area "

"Dalam Perda No.6 Tahun 1999 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah DKI Jakarta 2010, sasaran Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) pada tahun 2010 adalah sebesar 13,94% dari total luas wilayah DKI Jakarta atau setara dengan 9.544 hektar (ha). Namun keberadaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau saat ini sangat rentan terhadap perubahan status dan konversi lahan untuk kepentingan yang lebih ekonomis. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan Evaluasi kebijakan Pengelolaan RTH, agar diketahui pengelolaan RTH dan penerapannya dalam pencapaian target sebesar 13,94%? Selain itu juga dilihat bagaimana upaya setiap sektor didalam pengadaan lahan terkait dengan target RTH tersebut. Untuk dapat menjawab pertanyaan penelitian tersebut, saya menggunakan pendekatan evaluasi formal. Evaluasi formal dalam penelitian ini berarti penelitian yang dilakukan dengan tujuan, sasaran dan informasi lain yang tertera dalam dokumen resmi atau formal, yang kemudian digunakan sebagai pembanding dengan kenyataan dilapangan. Pada pendekatan evaluasi formal, evaluasi dilakukan dengan menilai tercapai atau tidakrtya tujuan maupun sasaran yang telah dicantumkan secara formal dalam dokumen resmi.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Fokus kerja setiap lembaga dalam rangka pencapaian target RTH sangat lemah, selain itu setiap sektor kecuali Dinas Pertamanan tidak membekali atau dibekali oleh panduan yang jelas dalam rangka pencapaian target luasan RTH. Hal ini berdampak tidak efektifnya kinerja setiap sektor dalam upayanya memenuhi kebutuhan pengadaan lahan untuk penambahan luasan RTH sebanyak 13,94% sampai 2010 sesuai dengan Perda No. 6 Tahun 1999. Selain itu juga diketahui bahwa dalam kurun waktu 6 (enam) tahun terakhir pengadaan lahan untuk RTH bertambah sebesar 273.09 ha atau setara dengan 0.41 % dari total luas DKI Jakarta yang 66.152 ha.

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In Perda No.6 Year 1999 concerning Regional Plan of DKI Jakarta 2010, Green Open Space (RTH) target in the year 2010 is equal to 13,94% from totalizing wide of region of DKI Jakarta or equivalent by 9.544 hectare (ha). But existence of Green Open Space in this lime very rentan to change of farm conversion and status to more economic importance. Therefore require to be conducted by Evaluation policy of Management of Green Open Space (RTH), it's to be known the management of Green Open Space and applying of in attainment of goals equal to 13,94%? Besides that is also seen how effort each every sector in levying of farm related to goals of Green Open Space. To be able to answer question of the research, I use approach of formal evaluation by William dunn. Formal evaluation in this research meaning conducted research with a purpose to, other information and target which as described in formal or formal document, which is later; then used as a comparator with fact of field. With this approach of formal evaluation, evaluation conducted is by judging reached or him do not the target and target which have been mentioned formally in formal document.

Pursuant to research result known that Focus work each every sector for the agenda of attainment of goals of Green Open Space (RTH) is very weak, except Sector of Gardening (Divas Pertamanan) is supplied by clear guidance for the agenda of attainment of goals of Green Open Space (RTH). This matter affect not effective of performance him each; every sector. in the effort him fulfill requirement of levying of farm to addition of target Green Open Space (RTH) counted 13,94% until 2010 as according to Perda No. 6 Year 1999. Besides that is also known that in range of time the last six year levying of farm for Green Open Space (RTH) to increase equal to 273.09 ha or equivalent by 0.41 % from totalizing wide of DKI Jakarta which is 66.152 ha."

"Untuk menunjang keberlangsungan kehidupan di kota metropolitan, Pemerintah Daerah Khusus lbukota (DKI) Jakarta telah melaksanakan pembangunan di berbagai sektor. Mengingat kondisi dan kawasan yang dimiliki DKI Jakarta maka pembangunan yang dilaksanakan sangatlah kompleks.Pesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk selain menyebabkan kebutuhan akan ruang sangat tinggi juga menjadikan pembangunan fisik kota tidak terstruktur secara baik sehingga pemanfaatan lahan sebagai sumber daya alam yang terbatas menjadi tidak efisien.Hal ini juga terjadi pada Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) kota Jakarta, tercermin dari banyaknya RTH yang berubah fungsi .menjadi kawasan bentuk lain. RTH mempunyai fungsi yang penting baik bagi lingkungan alam maupun lingkungan buatan dan lingkungan sosial. Pertimbangan dalam penataan dan pengelolaan RTH di kota-kota besar sering kali mempunyai konflik yang tinggi antara upaya pemanfaatan dan kelestarian lingkungannya sehingga diperlukan penataan ruang yang jelas dan terpadu. Dalam pengelolaan RTH sering terjadi tumpang tindih atau konflik antara wewenang dan kepentingan. Konflik wewenang meliputi: perencanaan, pembangunan, pelaksanaan, dan pemeliharaan.

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To support the life sustainability in metropolitan city, regional government (pemda) of DKI Jakarta has conducted the development in various sectors. Considering the condition and the area of DKI Jakarta, the development of this region is very complex.

The rapid population growth, besides causing the need of spaces increasing also resulting development of the city is spahaly. So, the land-use as a limited nature resource becomes inefficient.

This is also happened in public space/open space area in Jakarta, which reflected from its functional change which becomes the other form area. The open space area has important functions, for natural environment, urban green space man made environment or cultural environment. Consideration in settlement and management of open space area in big cities frequently has high conflict from the effort of the utility and continuity of the environment. So it is need to have the right and integrated of space management. in management of open space area often happened conflict or overlap between authority and conflict of interest which is caused by the weak of coordination between related institution. Conflict of authority cover: planning, development, and conservancy."

"Keberadaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) selalu menjadi idaman bagi warga kota. Tempat Pemakaman Umum (TPU) yang kehadirannya adalah syarat mutlak dalam sebuah kota yang layak huni dan beradab dengan memberi jaminan hak hidup dan hak mati kepada setiap warganya, berpotensi untuk dijadikan RTH apabila direncanakan dan ditata dengan tepat. Selain tentunya memiliki nilai ekologis dalam fungsinya sebagai RTH kota, TPU juga merupakan aset, dan investasi kota jangka panjang dalam nilai ekonomi, edukatif, dan estetis.Namun di kota-kota besar di Indonesia, tempat ini sering malah terabaikan dan membuatnya menjadi sesuatu yang merusak pemandangan, terlihat menakutkan, dan tempat terjadinya berbagai tindakan kriminal. Sejauh mana TPU dapat menjalankan perannya sebagai bagian dari RTH kota, akan dibahas di dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini."