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""Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, possibly the greatest book in American Literature, has made many people uneasy. Every single aspect of the book has been subjected to approval and disapproval and it is likely that various controversies will persist. A good book is always more interesting to investigate than a poor one. This novel not only causes the controversy but it is also at the same time the victim of the controversy. As long as the novel is seen and used as adult reading,. it is unlikely that censorship will ever touch it. At the utmost people will condemn and critize the novel. But if the novel is seen as a children's book with the believe that books enjoyed and read by children can help to shape their values, attitudes, and understanding, then Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is likely to provoke censorship — the possibility of being removed from library shelves. Today, as in the past, adults select most of the books children read — teachers, libarrians, publishers, parents, reviewers, educators, school boards. It is always their judgement, not the children's, that decides whether or not a book is suitable for them. Their uncompromised and sometimes unfair indictment brings about the appraisal of the book which can lead to censorship, first, on moral grounds and later on racial grounds. By the standar of one hundred years ago, at the time the novel was published in 1885, the attacking of the novel was based on moral grounds that covered the ungram¬matical language used in the book; the picturing of Huck as unwashed, not going to school, not going to church, smoking, using bad language, dressing poorly ; the picturing of Pap Finn as rough, a drunkard ; the irreverence and the profanity shown in the novel; and the use of the word ""nigger"" (see Ch.3.3 and 5.5). Today the attack has shifted to racial grounds covering the portrayal of Jim and the other blacks in the novel as stereotypes who are superstitious and inferior; the dialectical speech ; the unpromising relationship between Jim and Huck ; the unconvincing attack against slavery; and the use of word ""nigger"" which is seen as insulting and demeaning to blacks""

"Pada bagian pendahuluan (Bab I) saya menjelaskan sedikit mengenai latar belakang mengapa saya mengambil tokoh minor Jim, daripada Huck. sang narrator cerita selain karena tokoh Huck novel ini berulangkali saya menemukan bahwa Jim merupakan tujuan utama Mark Twain dalam menulis novel legendaris ini. Twain mencoba mengangkat kehidupan seorang negro yang merupakan wakil masyarakat tertindas di Amerika pada abad ke-18 hingga ke-19. Masyarakat kulit hitam ini juga yang kemudian juga merupakan pemicu meletusnya perang saudara utara-selatan di Amerika.Dalam analisis skripsi saya ini saya mencoba mengangkat tokoh Jim dan mengupas konsep kebebasan dirinya, melalui ungkapan Jim maupun pengamatan/perilaku Huck terhadap Jim. saya menyimpulkan bahwa jim lari dari majikannya serta hendak pergi ke Ohio State adalah untuk mendapatkan kebebasan bagi dirinya yang kemudian kebebasan bagi keluarganya. ia bersusah payah bertualang bersama Huck demi kebebasannya tersebut. Saya kemudian mencoba melihat buku sejarah Amerika yang menyinggung masalah kebebasan budak hitam. Ada beberapa hal yang memang sama dengan bentuk kebebasan serta usaha Jim untuk bebas tersebut. Yang membedakan sejarah dan novel adalah : bahwa sejarah hanya menganggap kebebasan budak hitam itu adalah satu impian yang harus diperjuangkan, sedang Twain memberikan satu moral lain tentang kebebasan. Jim memang berjuang untuk bebas, tapi ia juga menyerahkan kebebasannya kembali demi keselamatan Huck dan Tom Sawyer bocah kulit putih. Nilai inilah yang tidak terdapat dalam buku sejarah manapun. Dari perbandingan sejarah dan novel Twain saya merasa Twain memang menulis sau buku yang legendaries, karena ia menciptakan seorang tokoh kulit hitam yang lebih bermoral dibanding dengan masyarakat kulit putih yang menganggap diri mereka bermoral."