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"ABSTRAKTesis ini merupakan evaluasi buku ajar berjudul English for Air Transport sebagai buku ajar Bahasa Inggris untuk Tujuan Khusus di salah satu institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Transportasi jurusan Manajemen Transportasi Udara. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang bertujuan melihat keseuaian materi dengan kebutuhan di bidang manajemen transportasi udara. Tolak ukur yang digunakan dalam mengevaluasi bahan ajar ini adalah kriteria evaluasi dari Cunningsworth (1995): (a) Tujuan dan ancangan, (b) Rancangan dan organisasi, (c) Unsur kebahasaan, (d) Kemahiran, (e) Topik, (f) Metodologi, (g) Buku pegangan guru,dan (h) Pertimbangan kepraktisan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa buku ajar memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Terdapat 3 hasil prinsip hasil cocokan dan evaluasi berdasarkan Ru-gang (2013), yaitu: keaslian (authenticity), kelayakan (appropriateness), kesesuaian (compatibility), dan kesenangan pemelajar (Enjoyment). Secara keaslian, kelayakan, kesesuaian, dan kesenangan, materi, kegiatan, dan latihan dalam buku ajar sudah sesuai dengan tujuan institusi mempersiapkan mahasiswa ke dunia kerja. Kekurangannya adalah tidak adanya tujuan pembelajaran secara jelas pada buku ajar, kualitas tampilan bahan ajar, dan kurangnya informasi secara visual. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa buku ajar English for Air Transport bisa digunakan pada jurusan Manajemen Trasnportasi Udara dengan memodifikasi dan merevisi terhadap kekurangan yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini.

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ABSTRACT

The focus of this study is the course book evaluation of English for Air Transport as the English for Specific Purposes course book in Air Transport Management Department. This research is a descriptive qualitative research that has purpose to find out the material compatibility with the needs in the Air Transport Management. The criteria for evaluating the course book are taken from Cunningsworth (1995), consisting of eight elements, as follows: (a) aims and approaches, (b) design and organization, (c) language content, (d) skills, (e) topic, (f) methodology, (g) teachers? books aspect, and (h) practical considerations. The result shows that the course book has benefits and lacks. The principles of the compability were taken from Ru- gang (2013) that precise several aspects: authenticity, appropriateness, compatibility, and enjoyment. The course book is compatible with the aim of the learning to expose the students to the real work situations. The research also found that there was no aim of the learning in the coursebook, the bad quality of physical appearence of the book, and there was no visualization for detail information of the learning. Otherwise, the course book could be used for the Air Transport Management Department with modification and revision towards the lack found in this research."

"Asas cabotage di Indonesia merupakan kebijakan yang mengharuskan kegiatan angkutan laut dalam negeri dilakukan perusahaan angkutan laut nasional dengan menggunakan kapal berbendera Indonesia serta diawaki oleh warga negara Indonesia. Asas cabotage tersebut diimplementasikan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran, yang mana pada ketentuan peralihannya mengatur bahwa kapal asing yang melayani kegiatan angkutan laut dalam negeri tidak dapat lagi melakukan kegiatannya mulai tanggal 7 Mei 2011. Ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang ini menimbulkan reaksi khususnya di kalangan pelaku usaha industri minyak dan gas bumi karena kapal-kapal penunjang kegiatan usaha minyak dan gas bumi lepas pantai sebagian besar masih berbendera asing pada saat itu. Untuk itu Pemerintah mengeluarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2011 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 20 Tahun 2010 tentang Angkutan di Perairan yang mengatur bahwa kapal asing yang melakukan kegiatan penunjang usaha minyak dan gas bumi masih tetap dapat beroperasi maksimal hingga akhir Desember 2015. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif hukum. Penulis melakukan analisis penerapan dan kedudukan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2011 tersebut terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran yang secara substansi tidak sejalan atau bertentangan dengan asas hukum bahwa norma hukum yang derajatnya lebih rendah tidak boleh bertentangan dengan norma hukum yang lebih tinggi derajatnya (lex superior derogate legi inferiori).

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Indonesia's cabotage principle is a policy that requires domestic marine transportation activities conducted by national shipping companies to use Indonesian-flagged vessels and manned by Indonesian citizens. Cabotage principle is implemented in the Law No. 17 Year 2008 on the voyage, which is the provision of its transitional states that foreign vessels serving domestic marine transportation activities shall no longer perform its activities began on May 7, 2011. The provisions in this Act had a reaction especially among oil and gas businessmen because of the oil and gas offshore support vessels are still largely foreign-flagged at that time. Thus, Government issued Government Regulation No. 22 Year 2011 regarding Amendment to Government Regulation No. 20 Year 2010 on Water Transportation governing that foreign vessels conducting business activities in the field of oil and gas are still able to operate up until the end of December 2015. The research method is a normative legal research. Authors analyze the implementation and status of Government Regulation No. 22 Year 2011 against the Law No. 17 Year 2008 on the voyage which is substantially inconsistent or in conflict with the legal principle that lower legal norms degree must not conflict with the more high legal norms degree (lex superior derogate legi inferiori)."

"In six chapters, this book engages in detailed discussions on these subjects as they unravelled in events of recent years. The issue of safety is addressed first, following an introduction of the regulatory regime covering the four issues. Within the area of safety, the book covers such areas as safety management systems, safety and aeromedicine, safety and meteorology, the use of airspace, unmanned aircraft systems and safety oversight audits. In the security area, subjects covered include cyber terrorism, the integrity of travel documents, full body scanners, civil unrest and aviation, the suppression of unlawful acts on board aircraft and the financing of terrorism. The chapter on the environment focuses mainly on climate change - particularly on carbon credits, market based measures, the carbon market and emissions trading schemes and their effect on air transport. Finally, the chapter on sustainability discusses in detail market access along with such issues as slot allocation, open skies, the use of alternative fuels as an economic measure and corporate foresight. The concluding chapter wraps up with a discussion on where air transport is headed. "

"Keandalan jalan mutlak diperlukan karena kerusakan jalan akan menghambat arus lalu lintas. Kerusakan jalan dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, salah satu faktor terpenting adalah muatan berlebih. Muatan berlebih dapat menyebabkan beban masing-masing gandar kendaraan melebihi standar yang ditetapkan. Kondisi ini terjadi pada truk yang bebannya melebihi batas. Dalam merancang struktur jalan berdasarkan pada metode Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum Republik Indonesia, beban gandar dihitung beban ekivalen, atau dikenal sebagai ekivalen muatan sumbu (EMS), dari 8,16 ton sumbu standar . Jumlah angka ekivalen sumbu selama umur rencana didefinisikan sebagai kumulatif ekivalen muatan sumbu (KEMS). Karena volume lalu lintas melebihi volume lalu lintas perkiraan atau, dengan kata lain ada beban berlebihan pada lalu lintas, hal itu akan menyebabkan KEMS dicapai lebih cepat dari yang direncanakan. Beban berlebihan yang sulit dikendalikan ini di ndonesia, bagaimanapun, dapat dianggap sebagai faktor kondisi lingkungan, sehingga ada kebutuhan untuk memperkenalkan faktor koreksi untuk beban muatan sumbu sebesar 20-25% dalam proses merancang perkerasan lentur dan kaku sehingga dapat mengurangi kerusakan dini pada struktur jalan.

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Reliability of a road is mandatory since damaged will impede the traffic. Destruction is caused by various factors; one of the most important factors is excess load. Overload may give the load of each axle of a vehicle exceeds the determined standard. This condition occurs in trucks exceeding the load limit. In designing the structure of a road based on the method of Directorate General of Highways Ministry of Public Works of the Republic of Indonesia, axle load calculated in equivalent-number, or known as equivalent axle load (EAL), of 8.16 tons of standard axle. Total equivalent-number over the service life is defined as cumulative equivalent standard axle load (CESA). Due to traffic volume exceeding the volume forecast or, in other words there is an excessive load of traffic, it will make CESA achieved faster than planned. This excessive load in Indonesia, however, has been considered as a factor of environmental condition, so there is a need to introduce a correction factor for EAL as high as 20-25% in the process of designing flexible and rigid pavement so as to reduce early damage."