Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"The ability to comprehend symbolic representations is deemed as an imperative property of human cognition in the midst of this symbol-flooded world. This study aimed to investigate the early development of this ability and its relation to self-recognition in the second year of life. I presented children with a novel video game (SONY PlayStation 2 Eye Toy or ET), in which child's own image is incorporated in the game's display. Using detailed observation of children's responses to the experimental and control conditions, I investigated if they recognized this unusual symbol-referent relation. I also surreptitiously marked each child on their forehead to study if they recognized themselves in the video image (VSR). The underlining assumption is that in order to pass the self-recognition task, children should grasp basic correspondence of image-referent in the video reflection. Thus, those who passed the visual self-recognition task were hypothesized to also demonstrate better performance on the Eye Toy game than those who did not pass. Participants consisted of 8,24-month-olds and 12,30-month-olds. Results revealed that there was no difference between older and younger children performance in both ET and VSR tasks. Although children did display some insight to the novel symbol-referent relation in the game, their performance in ET and VSR task was not related. Implications and suggestion for future research in this area are discussed in light of the new findings."

"Studi mengenai alienasi sebagian besar dilakukan di konteks Barat berfokus pada perbedaan jenis kelamin dan ras/etnis. Bagaimanapun, hasil studi-studi tersebut masih belum jelas. Hanya sedikit studi yang mempelajari alienasi dalam konteks pendidikan tinggi, khususnya pada negara berkembang dengan budaya kolektivis. Studi ini menguji tentang perbedaan jenis kelamin pada tingkat alienasi mahasiswa psikologi yang berada di semester dua, empat, enam dan delapan di Universitas Indonesia. Partisipan studi ini adalah 107 mahasiswi dan 20 mahasiswa (Rata-rata usia = 19,95 tahun; kisaran usia = 18-24 tahun). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat alienasi antara mahasiswa dan mahasiswi tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Meskipun mahasiswa menunjukkan tingkat alienasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan mahasiswi, perbedaan tingkat alienasi yang signifikan hanya tampk pada mahasiswa dan mahasiswi semester enam. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa jenis kelamin memiliki pengaruh yang kecil pada alienasi. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya kesadaran akan tuntutan universitas dan proses belajar; peran penting familiaritas terhadap lingkungan belajar; dan dibutuhkan optimalisasi terhadap layanan pendukung mahasiswa.

---

Previous studies on alienation were mostly done within Western business context focusing on gender and racial/ ethnicity differences. However, their results were still equivocal. Less attention has been given to address the phenomenon in higher education context, especially in a developing country with collectivist culture. The present study examined gender differences at the levels of alienation amongst psychology students enrolling in semester two, four, six, and eight at the University of Indonesia. Participants were 107 female and 20 male university students (Mage = 19.95; range = 18–24 years old). It was found that levels of alienation among male and female students were not significantly different. Although male students showed higher levels of alienation than their female counterparts, only semester six female and male students showed significance difference at their level of alienation. Results indicated that gender had a marginal influence on alienation. These findings suggested that the awareness of university demands and learning process are important; familiarity to learning environment is vital; and optimisation of the student support service is needed."

"Latar belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai adanya perbedaan nilai quality of life (QoL) dan time trade-off utility (TTO), pasca tindakan bedah katarak pada mata pertama dan mata kedua pada penduduk Lombok, Indonesia.Metode: Data epidemiologis dan penilaian QoL dan TTO didapat dari subjek, sebelum dan tiga minggu setelah menjalani tindakan bedah katarak pada sarana bedah komunitas di Pulau Lombok. Kelompok A adalah pasien yang menjalani operasi pada mata pertama, sedangkan kelompok B adalah pasien yang menjalani operasi pada mata kedua. Pertanyaan kuesioner ditujukan untuk mendapatkan data kemampuan mengurus diri sendiri, kemampuan mobilitas, kehidupan sosial, dan status mental. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square untuk data kategorik dan uji t tidak berpasangan atau Mann-Whitney untuk data numerik.Hasil: Data didapat dari 77 subjek, yang terdiri dari 50 subjek dari kelompok A dan 27 subjek dari kelompok B. Pasca bedah didapatkan adanya peningkatan QoL dalam hal kemampuan mengurus diri sendiri, kemampuan mobilitas, kehidupan sosial, dan status mental yang bermakna (p < 0,001), pada kedua kelompok. Peningkatan QoL terjadi pada 46 subjek di kelompok A, dan lebih meningkat lagi pada 22 subjek di kelompok B. Pengukuran TTO dapat diterima oleh 35 subjek pada kelompok A dan 22 subjek pada kelompok B. Delapan puluh tujuh persen subjek menyatakan hasil operasi yang sesuai dengan harapan mereka.Kesimpulan: Tindakan bedah katarak pada mata kedua terbukti dapat lebih meningkatkan QoL pada subjek dengan hasil penglihatan mata pertama yang baik. Peningkatan kemampuan penglihatan pasca bedah telah sesuai dengan harapan para subjek.

---

AbstractBackground: This study aims to assess the quality of life and the time trade off-utility value of the first eye cataract surgery and the second eye cataract surgery in Lombok Island-Indonesia.Methods: This was an epidemiologic survey study on community of cataract surgery. Evaluations of quality of life (QoL) and time trade-off (TTO) were performed using questionnaire prior and three weeks after cataract surgeries who had either first (group A) or second eye cataract surgery (group B). Personal data was noted especially on self-care, mobility, socially, and mentally status. Data was analyzed by chi-square test for categorical data and unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney test for numeric data.Results: A total of 77 subjects was included in this study, there were 50 subjects in group A and 27 subjects in group B. Elements of QoL were improved after surgeries including self care, mobility, social, and mental status in both groups (p < 0.001). The modified TTO was accepted in 35 subjects in group A and 22 subjects in group B. Quality of life was improved in 46 patients in group A, there was further improvement in 22 patients in group B. The degree of patient?s expectation was good in 87% of all subjects.Conclusion: Second- eye cataract surgery showed further improvement in QoL despite better outcome of the first- eye cataract surgery. The outcome of cataract surgery conducted was relevant to the patient?s expectation."