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"The May 19-20, 2011 Asan conference provided a venue to reassess foreign policy decision-making in China. Bringing together leading voices in this reassessment, the meeting elicited lively exchanges centered not on refuting rival interpretations but on jointly exploring leads that clarify the processes of China's foreign policy formulation that have yet to be adequately explained. Updating the conference papers to cover the end of 2011, this book reflects the state of analysis on the eve of the important 2012-13 transition to China's fifth-generation leaders. The Asan Institute for Policy Studies is an independent think tank located in Seoul, South Korea, that provides innovative policy solutions and spearheads public discourse on many of the core issues that Korea, East Asia, and the global community face. The goal of the institute is not only to offer policy solutions but also to train experts in public diplomacy and related fields in order to strengthen Korea's capacity to better tackle some of the most pressing problems affecting the country, the region and the world today"

"ABSTRAK Tesis ini menaklik hubungan negara dan bisnis dalam kebijakan ekonomi luar negeri China bernama BRI. Berangkat dari konsep ldquo;bina ekonomi negara rdquo; dan metode penelitian kualitatif ndash; studi kasus, penelitian ini mengafirmasi bahwa agenda konektivitas melalui BRI mengandung motif ekonomi dan politik China di Asia Tenggara. Tujuan strateginya, yaitu pendalaman hubungan kerja sama dan kontiunitas internasionalisasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan aktor bisnis memiliki keterlibatan penting dalam penyelenggaraan bina ekonomi negara. Industri konstruksi infrastruktur dan transportasi merupakan bagian dari pengendalian tersebut. Proses penetrasi berlangsung dalam empat faktor determinan. Pertama, kebijakan BRI dijadikan sebagai program pembangunan nasional yang sesuai visi China rsquo;s Rejuvenation, sehingga hubungan antara pemerintah pusat dengan pemerintah subnasional terunifikasi. Kedua, tujuan antara pemerintah dengan aktor bisnis bersifat kompatibel. Terakhir, hubungan anatar pemerintah dengan kedua sektor industri beserta keterlibatan aktor bisnisnya menjadi direktif dan hierarkis, karena pemerintah melakukan penguasaan sistem kepemilikan, sistem manajemen perusahaan, dan struktur kepemimpinan perusahaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa negara berhasil mengendalikan aktor bisnis.Kata kunci: BRI, Negara-Bisnis, Bina Ekonomi Negara, Konektivitas, dan Industri Konstruksi dan Transportasi.

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ABSTRACT This thesis examines state business relations in Belt and Road Initiative as China rsquo s foreign economic policy. Set forth from ldquo economic statecraft rdquo theory and qualitative method, this research shows that connectivity agenda through BRI have economic and geostrategic motives and interrelated in Southeast Asia. The significance of the strategy are internationalization continuity and deepening of cooperation. This research found that commercial actor as important part to implemented economic statecraft. The penetration process occupy in four determinant factors. First, BRI is positioned as national development and convergent in ldquo China rsquo s Rejuvenation rdquo , so that the relationship between the central government and subnational government is unified. Second, the intrinsic goal is compatible between government and commercial actors. Third, market structure in infrastructure construction and transportation industry sector is created by government become more concentrated and monopoly. Finally, the reporting relationship between state and commercial actors become more directive, hierarchy, and centralized, because government exercises ownership control, corporate managements, and the composition of personnels and company leader is appointed directly by government. The results of this research indicate that state has controlled actor commercial for reach economic and geostrategic aims in Southeast Asia. "

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai Kebijakan Bantuan Luar Negeri Jepang terhadap Cina: Studi Kasus Official Development Assistance (ODA) Jepang ke Cina. Dalam hal ini penulis ingin melihat faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi distribusi ODA ke Cina. Pembahasan permasalahan tesis ini akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analitis dan dengan menggunakan konsep Holsti mengenai pengaruh lingkungan internal dan eksternal terhadap implementasi kebijakan luar negeri. Konsep Alan Rix dalam mendefinisikan ODA juga digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dua faktor yang mempengaruhi dalalam perumusan ODA Jepang ke Cina: faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Investasi dan perdagangan mejadi indikator bahwa faktor kepentingan ekonomi dan kepentingan politik merupakan faktor internal yang berkontribusi dalam perumusan kebijakan ODA Jepang ke Cina. Untuk faktor kepentingan politik perbaikan citra, kontrol atas Cina, dan stabilitas Asia Timur merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi perumusan ODA Jepang ke Cina. Sementara itu Amerika Serikat dan Korea Utara turut menjadi pertimbangan Jepang dalam merumuskan kebijakan ODA ke Cina.

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This study focused on The Japan?s Foreign Aid Policy towards China: A Case Study of Official Development Assistance (ODA) Japan to China. This study was aimed at revealing the factors underlying the distribution of ODA towards China. This study used descriptive approach and Holti?s concept of internal and external environmental influences in forming of foreign policy. This study also used the concept of ODA by Alan Rix.

The results showed that two factors influence the formulation of Japan's ODA toward China: internal factors and external factors. Economic and political interests are the internal factors that contribute in formulating Foreign Policy. Investment and trade are the indicators of economic interests Japan to China. While positive image, controlling China, and East Asia stability are the factors that influence the formulation of Japan's ODA towards China. Thus the United States and North Korea also played important role in formulating Japan's ODA policy toward China."

"Xi Jinping became general secretary of the Communist Party of China in 2013, taking his leadership role at a time of continuing economic expansion and military modernization that seem destined to make China a superpower. Xi has become China's most powerful and popular leader since Mao, and his vision of the "Chinese dream" of "great renewal" does not seem like an empty political slogan. But the image of China's meteoric rise masks some problems that are simmering both at home and abroad. This book will examine the prospects for China's continuing rise but also the emergent and unintended consequences posed by China's domestic transformation and international assertiveness. The three most urgent and interrelated domestic challenges facing China's leaders are sustaining economic growth, fighting corruption, and maintaining social stability. In foreign policy, its neighbors and the United States have questions about what China wants and whether it will be a revisionst state or be content with most aspects of the status quo. There is also concern that nationalist pressures within China may put domestic pressure on foreign policy."